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高一英语必修1第三单元教案分析(人教新课标)

一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责,高中教师要准备好教案,这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,使高中教师有一个简单易懂的教学思路。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗?以下是小编为大家收集的“高一英语必修1第三单元教案分析(人教新课标)”大家不妨来参考。希望您能喜欢!

高一英语必修1第三单元教案分析(人教新课标)

I.Warmingup
Step1.lead-inbydiscussing
Talkaboutexperenceofjourney.
1.Wherehaveyoueverbeenbefore/intheNationalDay?
2.Howdoyoulikethetravelto…?
(eg:IhavebeenBeijingduringholiday.Itisveryinterestingthat…Wevisit…andfound…Thatjourneyhelpsmeknowtheculturetherebetter.)
3.Whydoyouthinkthejourneyishelpful?
To…(tobrundenourhorizons;tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultureandhistory;torelax;tomakefriends;togetabetterunderstandingof…)
Step2.Warmingup
Task1.Part1onPage17
1.Ifyouwanttogotravelling,whereareyougoing?Howdidyougetthere?
(onfoot;bybike;bybus;bycar/jeep;bytrain;byplane/byair;byboat/byship/bysea)
2.Ifyouaregivenachancetotravelaroundtheworld,whatkindoftransportationswillyouuseandwhy?
(Whatdoyouhavetoconsiderbeforeyoudecidewhichmeansoftransportyouwilluse?Cost(花费)/Safety(安全)/Comfort(舒适)/Quickness/Convenience(方便))
3.NowlookatthefollowingchartonStudentbookanddiscussitinyourgroup.
(DiscussionMakingnoteGroupingsentencesSpeech)
Task2.Part2onPage17
Makedialogues
A:Whenareyouleaving?
B:Iamleaving…

Sampledialogue
A:Tom,whereareyougoingonholiday?
B:I’mgoingtoLaos.
A:Whenareyouleaving?
B:IamleavingnextSunday.
A:HowareyougoingtoLaos?
B:I’mtakingaplane.
A:HowlongareyoustayinginLaos?
B:Iamstayingthereabouttwoweeks.
A:Great.Haveagoodtrip.
B:Thanks.
Step3.Homework
1.Makeaspeech(workbook)
2.导学大课堂P67-68/课前导读

II.Reading(1)
Step1.Revision
MakeaspeechonPage55Workbook
Step2.Lead-in
Doyouliketravelingalongariver,agreatriver?Whatroledoesariverplayinpeople’slife?Inotherwords,howdopeoplewholivealongariveruseit?
Thesuggestedanswers:
Peoplecandrinkthewaterinariverorwashtheirclothes.
Peoplecanswiminariverinsummer.
Peoplecanusearivertoirrigatetheirfields.
Peoplecanusearivertoproduceelectricity.
Peoplecantravelalongariver.
2.Wherethereisariver,thereisacity.
Asweallknow,therearealotofriversintheworldandalsotherearemanygreatrivers.Nowlookatthechart.Intheleftcolumnarenamesofsomegreatrivers.Intherightcolumnarelocationswheretheriverslie.Pleasematchthem.
NamesofRiverLocation
MekongChina,SEAsia/RhineGermany/GangesIndia/
SeineFrance/NileEgypt/ThamesEngland/
CongoCentralAfrica/NigerWestAfrica/VolgaRussia/
DanubeCentralEurope/AmazonBrazil/MississippiUS/
Step3.Pre-reading3onpage17
NowlookatthemapoftheMekongRiverandpointoutthecountriesitflowsthrough.
(China,Laos,Thailand,Cambodia,BurmaVietnam)
Step4.Reading
1.Skimming.Findoutthemainideasofeachparagraph.
Para.1WangKunandWangWei’sdream.
Para.2WangWeiisstubborn.
Para.3Preparingfortheirtrip.
2.Carefulreading.Answerthequeationsofpart1onP19《导学大课堂》课前导读
1)WhoareWangKunandWangWei?(Theyarebrotherandsister,andbotharecollegestudents.)
2)Whatwastheirdream?(Theirdreamwastotakeagreatbiketrip.)
3)WhoareDaoWeiandYuHang?(TheyareWangKun’scousinswhoareatacollegeinKunming.)
4)WhereisthesourceoftheMekongRiverandwhichseadoesitenter?(ThesourceoftheriverisinQinghaiProvinceanditenterstheSouthChinaSea.)
5)WhatcanyouseewhenyoutravelalongtheMekong?(Youcanseeglacier,rapids,hill,valleys,waterfallsandplains.)
6)IsitadifficultjourneytocyclealongtheMekong?Why?(Yes.Thejourneybeginsatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000meters,whereitishardtobreatheandverycold.)
3.Sentencespatterns.
1.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.从中学起,我姐姐王薇和我梦想作一次了不起的自行车旅行。
1).dreamn.v.
dreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt
of/aboutsth.(vi.)
a…dream(vt.)
that…(vt.)
sb.tobe…(vt.)
1)他梦想着有一天为自己工作,没有老板.
Hedreamsofworkingforhimselfandnothavingabossoneday.=
Hedreamsthatonedayhewillworkforhimselfandnothaveaboss.
2)我做梦也没想到他是个撒谎的人.
Ineverdreamedhimtobealiar.
dreamabout=dreamof梦见,梦想
Myyoungerbrotherdreamsofbecomingaspaceman.
Healwaysdreamsabouttravelingaroundtheworld.
2.Finally/atlast/intheend
1)Theytalkedaboutitforhours.Finally,theydecidednottogo.
2)Thechildrenarrivedhomeatlast/intheendafterthestorm.
3)Mydreamwillcometrueintheend.
finally一般指一系列事物或论点的顺序的最后项内容,或用在动词前,表示“等了好久……才”,没有感情色彩.atlast只能指时间位置,不能指时间顺序,在意思上是指经过周折、等待、耽搁到”最后、终于”(出现所期待的结果),常常带有较浓厚的感情色彩.intheend可与atlast和finally通用.但若出现了非期待中的结果,用intheend,还可以用于预卜未来。
3.ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.是我姐姐首先想到骑自行车沿湄公河从它的源头行走到入海口。
 这是一个强调句。强调句的结构是:
Itwas/is+强调成分+that-/who-分句
4.Thenshepersuademetobuyone.然后她动员我也买了一辆.
persuadevt.说服;劝服;vi.被说服
sb.
sb.ofsth.使某人相信某事
sb.thatclause
sb.(not)todosth.
sb.into/outofdoingsth.
persuadesb.todosth.=persuadesbintodoingsth.
persuadesb.nottodosth.=persuadesboutofdoingsth.
e.g.Ipersuadedhimtodoit.
=persuadehimintodoingit.我已说服他做这件事。
(高考题)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadeB.persuading
C.beingpersuadeD.bepersuaded
如果“劝说”不服,不能直接用persuade,而应用trytopersuade或advise,或者用persuade的否定式。
e.g.Someofusadvisedhimtochangehismindbutnoonecouldpersuadehimtodoso. 
1)I__himnottosmoke,buthedidn’tthinkitnecessary.A.persuaded B.advised C.hoped D.suggested
2)Iwasableatlastto____mymothertofollowmyadvice.A.suggest B.adviseC.persuadeD.leaveoff
5.WangWeisoongottheminterestedincyclingtoo.
get+宾语+宾语补足语(-ing/done/todo/adj./adv.)
1)Ishouldgetthewindow_______(repair)beforeitgetscold.
2)Theteacher’swordssoongotus_______(think).
3)Shegotherson_______(sleep)onthefloorlastnight.
4)Don’tmakeyourhandsso_____(脏).
5)我想把这些椅子弄到楼上去.Iwanttogetthesechairs________.
6.stubborn
1)Heistoostubborntoapologize.
2)You’llhavetopushhard,thatdoorisabitstubborn.
3)Theoldmanhasgotastubborncoughthathaslastedforweeks.
(as)stubbornasamule
7.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettinggettoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.尽管她不知道旅行的最佳方式,但是她还是坚决主张她来合理安排这次旅行。
1)although,though引导让步状语从句不能再和but,and,however连用,但可以和副词yet,still连用。
although从句多放在句首,though从句可在主句前,中,后任何位置,而且though可以作副词用于句末,作“但是,不过”讲,而although无此用法。
2)insist坚持认为,坚持主张
insiston/uponone’sdoingsth坚持做,坚决做
e.g.Iinsistedon/uponhiscomingwithus.
insistthat+从句坚持说(后表示一个事实),后接的从句用陈述语气,既按需要选择时态。
e.g.Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthegirl’shandbag.
insistthatsb.(should)dosth.坚决主张做某事,后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,既“should+v.”
e.g.Marywasill.Herparentsinsistedthatshe(should)seeadoctor.
8.Mysisterdoesn’tcareaboutdetails.我姐姐是不会考虑细节的。
careabout:beworriedabout
忧虑,关心
e.g.Hedoesn’tcaremuchaboutwhathappenstome.
careforsb/sth:lookafter,loveorlike希望,喜欢,照顾
1)Wouldyoucareforadrink?
2)Hecaresforherdeeply.
3)Whowillcareforyourchildifyouareout?
9.Shegavemeadeterminedlook–thekindthatshewouldn’tchangehermind.她坚定地看了我一眼----这眼神表明她不会改变主意。
determinev.决定,下定决心,确定
1)determinetodosth.
e.g.HedeterminedtolearnFrench.
2)determine+从句
e.g.Shedeterminedthatshewouldneverseehimagain.
3)determine+疑问词+todo
e.g.Haveyoudeterminedwheretospendtheholidaynextweek?
determinedadj.坚决的,有决心的
bedeterminedtodosth.决心做
e.g.Shewasdeterminedtogotouniversity.
changeone’smind改变某人的主意
e.g.Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind.
makeupone’smind下定决心
readone’smind看出某人的心思
speakone’smind直言不讳
give/putone’smind专心于
keep…inmind记住
11.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5000meters,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000米处开始旅程,她好像对此很兴奋。
atanaltitudeof=ataheightof在海拔……米处
at在此处表“在……处/时,以……”后接年龄,速度,长宽深高,价格,费用等
e.g.Theplaneisflyingataheight/altitudeof10,000feet.
attheageof
atahigh/lowprice
atadepth/widthof
atthecostof
atadistanceof
12.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreathanditwouldbeverycold…当我告诉她将呼吸困难,天气严寒……
主语+be+adj.+todosth.是一常用句式既不定式用主动形式表达被动含义
e.g.Theproblemisreallyhardtoworkout.
Mybossiseasytodealwith.
不定式和主语之间是逻辑动宾关系,使用及物动词的主动形式,因此不及物动词要加相应的介词。
这一结构中的形容词往往是表示心理活动的,接不定式时,不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语,主动用todo,被动用tobedone;也可以接从句。
这类形容词有surprised,moved,disappointed,pleased,happy,sad,delighted,sorry,interested,glad,worried,etc.
13.Finally,Ihadtogivein.最后,我只好让步。
givein(tosb./sth.)屈服于,让步,递交
giveup放弃,认输
giveout筋疲力尽;分配
giveaway捐赠,泄露
14.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travelingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.穿过深谷流经云南省西部时它变成急流.
across常表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置,“横穿,横跨”表面,含义与on有关
through表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部,含义与in有关
over表示“越过”是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧
ThenewrailwaywindsitswaytoHongKong,___mountains___tunnelsand___rivers.
A.across;over;through
B.over;across;through
C.over;through;across
D.through;over;across
15.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.一旦她下定决心,什么也不能使他改变。
onceconj.一旦;一…就…引导条件状语从句adv.曾经;从前
Onceyoutryit,youwillbeinterestedinit.
III.Reading(2)
Step1.Revision
1.Sentencespattern
根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。
1.)最后我们来到了山顶。(finally)
Finallywearrivedatthetopofthemountain.
2.)我不能骑车去上学,因为我的自行车坏了。(cycle)
Iamunableto/can’tcycletoschoolbecausemybikeisbroken.
3.)汤姆坚持认为自己是对的。(insist)
Tominsistedthathewasright.
4.)你一旦开始,就必须坚持做下去。(once)
Onceyoubegin,youmustkeepdoingit.
5.)她虽然小,但是知道怎么做。(although)
Althoughsheisyoung,sheknowshowtodoit.
6.)我们决定立刻去火车站。(determinetodo)
Wedeterminedtogototherailwaystationatonce.
2.Retelling(导学大课堂)
Step2.Languagepoints
Nowpleasereadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemtoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
dreamabout,takeagreatbiketrip,graduatefrom,gotthechancetodosth.,cyclealongtheriver,goforlongbikerides,mountainbike,persuadesb.todosth.,growup,getsb.interestedinsth.,bestubborn,knowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,thesourceoftheriver,careabout,givesb.adeterminedlook,changeone’smind,atanaltitudeof,seemtodo,theairbehardtobreathe,aninterestingexperience,makeuponesmind,givein,alargeatlaswithgoodmaps,keepdoingsth.,atfirst,passthrough,besurprisedtodosth.,halfof,atlast,theSouthChinaSea

IV.ExtentiveReading
Step1.Dictation
Step2.Reading
2.Scanning.Answerquestions.
3.listentothetape,andunderlinetheusefulwordsandsentences.
4.Languagepoints.

Successbelongstothepersevering.
胜利属于有毅力者。
Nosuccessinlifemerelyhappens.
人生中没有什么成功是纯粹偶然得来的。

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必修一第一单元第三节地球的运动(人教新课标)


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,高中教师要准备好教案,这是高中教师需要精心准备的。教案可以让学生能够在课堂积极的参与互动,帮助高中教师能够更轻松的上课教学。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?下面是小编精心为您整理的“必修一第一单元第三节地球的运动(人教新课标)”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

第三节地球的运动●从容说课

基于前两节的教学,学生了解了地球的宇宙环境,本节开始让学生立足地球本身,探讨地球的运动。

鉴于教材把地球的自转和公转内容前后列放,可用列表比较的方式板书,从定义、方向、速度、周期等几个方面分别讲解地球的自转和公转的特征。学生在初中曾学过一些地球运动的知识,在此基础上,可让学生把“地球自转的方向”知识进行拓展,想象在两极的上空看地球的自转方向,建立地球顺时针和逆时针自转的概念,为以后学习地球自转的地理意义打下基础。多年的教学经验告诉我们,学生在学习恒星日和太阳日的概念时非常困难,在老师的详细讲解下也很难看懂书中13页给的图1.15“恒星日和太阳日”。有条件的制作课件可以改善图示,拉长地球与恒星之间的相对距离,日地距离可以更靠近一些,把恒星只画成一个,辅以直观的动画效果,最大可能地还原真实,应该能更好地突破教学难点。讲解地球公转的时候,要强调近日点和远日点的含义、地球到达该点时的时间及地球公转速度的快慢。

地球自转与时差的教学涉及到昼夜、昼夜交替、时差产生和计算等问题,它们相互关联,在历年的高考中占有重要地位,也是教学的重点和难点。教学中应通过演示说明昼夜现象和昼夜交替的本质区别,强调太阳光线与晨昏线垂直关系,晨线与昏线的区别及判断方法。通过演示讲解地方时差的产生及规律,引导学生对书中17页“读图思考”进行探究,强调时区和区时、区时和地方时的区别,讲解东加西减的计算方法和总结配套的解题方法,多加练习巩固,并需反复练习、订正和讲解,才能完成此教学任务。教材没有对“地转偏向”作要求,但后面第二章第二节的“气压带和风带”中有所涉及,因此教学中可略讲一二,为后续教学作好铺垫。

地球公转与季节的教学内容既是教学重点又是教学难点,首先要通过多媒体演示让学生认清地轴、赤道平面、黄道平面之间的关系,知道黄赤交角23°26′的含义,重点分析黄赤交角的影响、二分二至日地球在公转轨道上的位置、太阳直射点的运动规律,为分析正午太阳高度和昼夜长短变化打下基础,讲解中还要把夏至日、冬至日地球所处的时间和位置与远日点、近日点地球所处的时间和位置进行比较,找出区别,并练习加以巩固。书中20页的“活动”要让每个学生都动起来,以另一种方式解读太阳直射点的回归运动轨迹,体现学生学习的主体性,培养探究能力。日常生活中,学生有昼夜长短变化和正午太阳高度的高低变化及太阳辐射强弱变化的体会,这些是太阳直射点的南北移动带来的结果。引导学生分析书中20页图1.25,以数据归纳得出结论,具有季节性的昼夜长短变化和正午太阳高度变化,使太阳辐射也呈现有规律的季节变化,从而导出天文四季和统计四季的定义。再联系学校所在地的昼夜长短变化和正午太阳高度变化,辅以学生的生活体会进行举例教学或设计练习,渗透学以致用的思想,可以帮助学生理解知识和提高学习兴趣。

地球自转和公转是与人类关系最密切的两种运动,是学习和掌握高中地理基础知识的基础,但是该部分内容空间性强又比较抽象,如何运用多媒体教学,通过电脑动画演示,突出重点,突破难点讲清地球自转与公转的关系、太阳直射点的南北移动,帮助学生建立空间概念,在整个高中地理教材中具有深远影响。

●三维目标

知识与技能

1.了解地球自转和公转的方向及一些基本数据:周期、速度、公转的轨道、黄赤交角。

2.理解由于地球自转运动造成的昼夜交替、地方时差,掌握时间的有关换算,能正确判断晨昏线。

3.理解地球自转和公转的关系,理解太阳直射点的南北移动的过程及其原因,并能演示其运动规律。

4.理解昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的季节变化及纬度变化。

过程与方法

1.通过运用地球仪演示地球的自转和公转现象,学生能够准确地画出夏至日到冬至日太阳照射地球的示意图。

2.能根据“二分二至日太阳照射地球示意图”分析全球各地的昼夜长短状况和正午太阳高度的变化,分析同纬度地区不同季节和不同纬度地区相同季节的昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化。

情感、态度与价值观

1.树立科学的宇宙观,宇宙中所有的天体都在不断地运动。

2.培养学生树立辩证唯物主义的思想观,理解事物之间是联系的、发展变化的。

●教学重点

1.自转和公转的特征,黄赤交角的产生及其引起的太阳直射点的移动。

2.晨昏线的判断、地方时的计算、昼夜长短和正午太阳高度的变化规律。

3.四季的划分方法及划分依据。

●教学难点

1.晨昏线的判断、地方时的计算。

2.太阳直射点的移动规律,正午太阳高度和昼夜长短的变化原因分析。

●教具准备

地球仪,多媒体教学课件

●课时安排

3课时

第1课时●教学过程

[新课导入]

上节课我们一起学习了“第二节太阳对地球的影响”,下面就来回顾一下。

(投影表格)

师:请大家看表格,哪个同学能在空白处填上合适的内容?

生:(三个学生看图分别回答,师根据学生的答题情况进行评讲和补充。)

概念

成因

特点

所处位置

黑子

光球

耀斑

色球

太阳风

日冕

师:答得很棒。(师逐步投影答案的内容)

概念

成因

特点

所处位置

黑子

太阳光球上的暗黑的斑点

它的温度比太阳表面其他地方低,所以才显得暗一些

太阳活动的主要标志;活动周期为

11年

光球

耀斑

太阳色球有时出现的突然增大、增亮的斑块

太阳短时间内释放出巨大能量造成的

耀斑爆发是太阳活动的最激烈的显示

色球

太阳风

(简单介绍)

日冕

前边两节课我们了解了地球的宇宙环境,现在让我们立足地球本身,探讨地球的运动。

第三节地球的运动(板书)

推进(新知识传授)

[教师精讲]

师:在初中时我们曾学过一些地球运动的知识,那么你知道地球的运动有哪两种形式呢?

生:自转和公转。

师:非常正确。

(投影表格)

地球运动

围绕中心

运动方向

运动周期

运动速度

地球自转

地球公转

师:我们首先一起来探讨地球自转的规律。

(板书)一、地球的自转

(演示地球仪,让其自西向东旋转)

师:地球仪在绕着什么中心转动呢?

生:地轴

师:很好。

(投影答案填充表格)

师:地轴就是地球的自转轴,它的北端始终指向北极星附近。在地球中真有这么一根轴吗?

生:没有。

师:正确。地轴是人们假想出来的,地球的内部实际上没有这么一根轴。我们把地球绕其自转轴的旋转运动叫做——地球自转。那么,地球的自转方向是怎样的呢?

生:自西向东旋转。

师:(投影答案填充表格)

所以,我们看到日月星辰都是东升西落。下面从不同的角度看地球自转。

(从不同的角度演示地球仪的自转)请同学描述地球自西向东转。

生:(学生观察、思考后得出结论)

从北极上空看,呈逆时针方向转动。

从南极上空看,呈顺时针方向转动。

侧面北极在上,自西向东旋转。

师:(投影答案填充表格)

(投影练习)

甲图中心是北极还是南极?乙图中心是北极还是南极?

生:甲图中心是北极,乙图中心是南极。

师:非常好。地球自转一周需要多长时间呢?也就是地球的自转周期是多长呢?

生:一天。

师:由于在计算自转周期时,选定的参考点不同,一日的时间长度和名称略有差别。

(多媒体动画演示)恒星日与太阳日:拉长投影中地球与恒星之间的相对距离,日地距离可以更靠近一些。某一恒星、地面上某地点、地心第一次“三点共线”到下一次“三点共线”(注:“三点共线”是指地面上某点位于地心与恒星的连线上)的时间间隔为一个恒星日。太阳、地面上某地点、地心第一次“三点共线”到下一次“三点共线”的时间间隔为一个太阳日。

(利用课件中的动画进行分步显示讲述,学生一目了然)

师:恒星日是以遥远的“恒”星为参照物的,遥远的恒星相对于地球而言是不动的,此时地球的公转过程将会忽略不计。某一恒星、地面上某地点、地心第一次“三点共线”到下一次“三点共线”的时间间隔为一个恒星日。

(多媒体动画演示)

图1图2图3

如图1电脑显示动画:假设遥远的恒星(小圆)和太阳(S)同时对着地球上的一点P,设地球只自转而不公转,那么地球在E1处自转一周(电脑显示P点绕圆运动一周)。

师:(多媒体动画演示)

如图2先以恒星作参照,动画显示恒星日的长度。

动画的过程是:地球一边自转(即P点绕圆心运动),一边由E1向E2运动(公转),当地球到达E2点停止,此时P点刚好对着恒星。

师:此时地球是否自转了一周,自转的角度是多少,以什么作参照?

生:(学生准确回答)

师:很好!

(点击鼠标,电脑画出SE2的连线和E2与恒星的连线,标出“恒星日”)从E1到E2,地球自转了360°。而因为以恒星作为参照,地球从E1到E2的时间间隔就是“恒星日”,时长23时56分4秒,是地球自转的真正周期。

(投影答案填充表格)

师:图3以太阳作参照。

在图2中可看出,地球在E2处时,P点还未两次对着太阳,即以太阳作参照时,地球自转还不到一周360°。

(演示动画)地球继续自转(即P点继续绕圆运动),但地球同时绕太阳公转到E3处时,动画暂停,P点两次对着太阳。

从E1到E3,相对太阳来说,地球是否自转了一周,自转角度是多少?

生:自转了一周多。

师:观察得很仔细。(点击鼠标显示连线和“太阳日”)太阳、地面上某地点、地心第一次“三点共线”到下一次“三点共线”(注:“三点共线”是指地面上某点位于地心与太阳的连线上)的时间间隔为一个太阳日。从E1到E3的时间间隔称一个太阳日,长24小时,其自转的角度是360°59′。

师:(过渡)任何一种圆周运动,总离不开角速度和线速度。下面我们就来探讨一下地球自转的角速度和线速度。什么是地球自转的角速度呢?

生:地球在单位时间内自转的角度叫做地球自转的角速度。

师:很好!根据地球自转的周期,可以知道地球自转的角速度大约为多少度?

生:15°/小时。

师:非常正确。地球表面除南、北两极点外,任何地点的自转角速度都一样。根据360°/24小时推算,地球自转的角速度大约是15°/小时,1°/4分钟,1′/4秒。但南、北极点无角速度,即南、北极点的角速度为零。

(投影答案填充表格)

我们再看看地球自转的线速度是怎样的。地球自转时,某点在单位时间内转过的距离(弧长),叫做该点的自转线速度。

(投影)地球自转的线速度和角速度图

自转角速度和线速度

师:大家一起探讨地球自转线速度有什么分布规律。

生:地球自转线速度的大小因纬度而异(离地轴的距离即圆周运动的半径不同,半径越大,线速度越大),赤道处最大(1670千米/小时),自赤道向两极渐小,两极的线速度为零。在南北纬60°处,自转线速度为赤道处的一半。

(投影答案填充表格)

地球运动

围绕中心

运动方向

运动周期

运动速度

地球自转

地轴

由西向东北极看:逆时针;南极看:顺时针

23时56分4秒地球自转的真正周期

1.地球自转的角速度南、北两极点为零,其他任何地点的角速度都相等,即15°/小时

2.地球自转的线速度由赤道向南、北极点逐渐减小,至60°N、S处减小为赤道的一半;两极点处为零

地球公转

师:请大家归纳一下地球自转的角速度和线速度的共同规律。

生:在南北两极点,角速度和线速度均为零。

师:非常好。下面阅读教材P14地球自转的证明。

生:(阅读)

师:(过渡)我们已经探讨了地球自转的规律。而地球在自转的同时,还在绕日公转。那么地球公转又有什么样的规律呢?

(板书)二、地球的公转

(演示)地球公转运动

师:什么是地球的公转?

生:地球绕太阳的运动,叫做地球的公转。

师:那么应该从哪几个方面来描述地球公转的规律呢?

生:可从地球公转的轨道、方向、周期和速度等方面来说明地球公转的规律。

师:很好!地球公转的路线叫做公转轨道,又叫黄道。它是近似正圆的椭圆轨道,太阳位于椭圆的一个焦点上。

(投影公转轨道图)

师:仔细观察,地球公转的方向是怎样的?

(以下内容同时投影答案填充表格)

生:由西向东。

师:在北极上空看地球公转,顺时针转还是逆时针转?

生:逆时针转。

师:在南极上空看地球公转,顺时针转还是逆时针转?

生:顺时针转。

师:我们再来看看地球公转的周期是怎样的?

生:1个回归年:365日5时48分46秒。

师:回归指的是太阳直射点在南北回归线之间的往返运动。大家看书图1.18,地球公转的速度有什么特点?

生:近日点公转速度最快,远日点公转速度最慢。

师:由于太阳略微偏离地球公转轨道的中心,因此,日地距离不断随地球公转而发生细微的变化,地球公转速度也相应有一些变化。根据开普勒第三宇宙定律,行星运行在单位时间内扫过的面积相等,因此,近日点运行速度快,角速度是61′/d,线速度是30.3km/s。而远日点慢,角速度是57′/d,线速度是29.3km/s。平均角速度:约1°/日,平均线速度:30km/s。

小结:本节课内容较多,主要是关于地球的自转和公转两种基本形式的对比。

(投影下面的表格)分别对地球自转和公转进行总结。

地球运动

围绕中心

运动方向

运动周期

运动速度

地球自转

地轴

由西向东北极看:逆时针;南极看:顺时针

23时56分4秒地球自转的真正周期

1.地球自转的角速度南、北两极点为零,其他任何地点的角速度都相等,即15°/小时

2.地球自转的线速度由赤道向南、北极点逐渐减小,至60°N、S处减小为赤道的一半;两极点处为零

地球公转

太阳

由西向东在北极上空看地球公转:逆时针转在南极上空看地球公转:顺时针转

1个回归年:365日5时48分46秒

平均角速度:约1°/日,平均线速度:30km/s。近日点公转速度最快,远日点公转速度最慢

●板书设计

第三节地球的运动

一、地球的自转

二、地球的公转

(以下表格分别在教学中投影,最后完整显示)

地球运动

围绕中心

运动方向

运动周期

运动速度

地球自转

地轴

由西向东北极看:逆时针;南极看:顺时针

23时56分4秒地球自转的真正周期

1.地球自转的角速度南、北两极点为零,其他任何地点的角速度都相等,即15°/小时

2.地球自转的线速度由赤道向南、北极点逐渐减小,至60°N、S处减小为赤道的一半;两极点处为零

地球公转

太阳

由西向东在北极上空看地球公转:逆时针转在南极上空看地球公转:顺时针转

1个回归年:365日5时48分46秒

平均角速度:约1°/日,平均线速度:30km/s。近日点公转速度最快,远日点公转速度最慢

●活动与探究

探究课题:了解地球的自转和公转。

探究内容:

(1)演示地球的自转和公转。

(2)填表比较分析地球的自转和公转的规律。

(3)利用地球自转和公转的规律来解释两个自然现象。

探究办法、过程:演示、讨论、竞赛的方法。

(活动)我们一起学习了地球的自转和公转,下面来做一个活动。先找两个同学来演示地球的自转和公转。

生:(用地球仪演示)

师:都很好。说明大家基本掌握了地球自转和公转的规律。再看书15页活动的内容,看谁先把书中的表格填出来。先填出来的就举手。

生:(填表:比较分析地球的自转和公转的规律)

师:活动3要求我们同学能解释两个现象,分成小组讨论,看哪一个小组能先解释第一个现象?

生:(小组代表抢答)恒星被看做是固定不动的。照片上的恒星会出现圆弧状轨迹,是由于地球自转,照相机也跟随转动,其结果是恒星看起来运动起来了。

师:答案非常准确。哪一个小组能解释第二个现象?

生:(小组代表抢答)地球公转时,我们北半球夏半年即从春分日到秋分日期间,在远日点附近速度慢,因而日数就会比较多,达到186天,冬半年地球经过近日点,公转速度快,因而日数就会比较少,只有179天。

探究结果:熟练地掌握地球自转和公转的规律。

第三节地球运动

第2课时●教学过程

[新课导入]

师:上节课我们学习了地球的自转和公转的一般特点,让我们一起来回顾一下。

(投影空白表格)

地球运动

围绕中心

运动方向

运动周期

运动速度

地球自转

地轴

由西向东北极看:逆时针;南极看:顺时针

23时56分4秒地球自转的真正周期

1.地球自转的角速度南、北两极点为零,其他任何地点的角速度都相等,即15°/小时

2.地球自转的线速度由赤道向南、北极点逐渐减小,至60°N、S处减小为赤道的一半;两极点处为零

地球公转

太阳

由西向东在北极上空看地球公转:逆时针转在南极上空看地球公转:顺时针转

1个回归年:365日5时48分46秒

平均角速度:约1°/日,平均线速度:30km/s。近日点公转速度最快,远日点公转速度最慢

生:(根据老师提问分别回答)

师:(学生回答的同时,对应表格中的每个空格逐个投影显示答案)

师:昼夜的更替、时差的产生、四季的变化,都是因为地球运动的结果,下面我们就来一起研究地球的自转能带来哪些地理现象。

(板书)第三节地球的运动

三、地球自转与时差

推进(新知识传授)

[教师精讲]

(演示地球仪,侧面有灯泡照射地球)

师:大家知道,地球自己不能发光。看地球仪的演示,如果地球是透明的,还有昼夜之分吗?

生:没有,整个地球都是白昼。

师:很好。可实际上地球是不透明的,在同一时间里,太阳只能照亮地球表面的一半,因此地球的不透明就使地球上有了昼和夜的分别。如果地球是静止的,会出现什么现象?

生:一面是白昼和一面是黑夜。

师:非常正确。如果地球是静止的,会形成昼夜现象。被太阳照亮的半个地球是白天,即昼半球;背着太阳的另一个半球是黑夜,即夜半球。昼半球和夜半球的分界线,也就是中间的大圆圈,叫晨昏线,或者叫它晨昏圈,由晨线和昏线组成。晨线和昏线有什么区别呢?

(合作探究)

生:(讨论)

师:由夜变为昼的半圆弧叫做晨线,晨线上的各点即将进入昼半球,即晨线上的各点即将进入白昼时段;由昼变为夜的半圆弧叫做昏线,昏线上的各点即将进入夜半球,进入黑夜时段。

(演示地球仪——自转)

师:晨昏线的位置是不是静止的?

生:不是,晨昏线的位置在不断向西移动。

师:很好。由于地球不停地自转,所以晨昏线的位置也在不断地移动,地球自西向东转,晨昏线则自东向西移动。再看晨昏线与太阳光线有什么关系呢?

生:垂直。

师:答得好。晨昏线一定垂直于太阳光线,并过平面图中的中心。再给大家引进一个新的概念:太阳高度。太阳高度是太阳高度角的简称,太阳高度表示太阳光线对当地地平面的倾角。晨昏线上的各地太阳高度为0°,即太阳刚好位于地平线上;在昼半球上的各地,太阳高度总是大于0°,即太阳在地平线之上;在夜半球上的各地,太阳高度总是小于0°。

晨昏线把经过的纬线分割成昼弧和夜弧。

(投影昼弧和夜弧)

生:(观察昼弧和夜弧)

(演示地球仪——自转,地球仪上用红色标出一个点)

地球在时刻不停地自转着,假如这个红点代表就是你站在那儿,你看到的昼和夜是怎样变化的?

生:昼夜不停地交替。

师:很好。由于地球不停地自转,昼夜也就不停地交替。

(板书)1.昼夜交替

师:昼夜交替的周期为24小时,叫做一个太阳日。过去人们总是日出而作、日落而息;今天,人们的起居作息也深受昼夜交替的影响,因此太阳日被用来作为基本的时间单位。

(过渡)由于地球自西向东自转,在同纬度地区,相对位置偏东的地点,要比位置偏西的地点先看到日出,这样时刻就有了早迟之分。显然,偏东地点的时刻要早一些。因经度而不同的时刻,统称为地方时。因此,是地球自西向东自转产生了地方时。

(板书)2.地方时

师:东边地点的时刻总比西边早。经度相差1°,地方时相差4分钟,经度每隔15°,地方时相差1小时。经度上的微小差别,都能造成相应的地方时之差。

地方时因经度而不同,使用起来很不方便。19世纪中叶,欧美一些国家开始采用一种全国统一的时间。随着长途铁路运输和远洋航海事业的日益发达,国际交往频繁,各国采用的未经协调的地方时,仍给人们带来很多困难。1884年,国际上采取了全世界按统一标准划分时区,实行分区计时的办法。我们已经知道,从理论上全球共划分成24个时区,各时区都以中央经线的地方时为本区的区时。相邻两个时区的区时相差1小时。

实际上,世界各国根据本国的具体情况,在区时的基础上,采用一些特别的计时方法。

(投影文本)

(1)有的国家根据本国所跨的经度范围,采用半区时,即采用与中央经线相差7.5°的时区的边界经线的地方时。例如,亚洲的印度(东5.5区)。(2)有的国家为了充分利用太阳照明,采取本国东部时区的中央经线的地方时。例如,朝鲜位于东八区和东九区之间,但采用东9区的区时。(3)还有的国家虽然领土跨度很大,但仍采用一个时区的区时。例如,中国领土跨5个时区,为了便于不同地区的联系和协调,全国目前统一采取北京所在的东八区区时(即东经120°的地方时),称为北京时间。

请大家看P17图1.21,时区和国际日界线。

(投影文本)(1)中时区以哪条经线作为中央经线?

生:0°经线。

师:(投影文本)(2)中时区以东和以西,依次分为哪几个时区?

生:依次分为东西各12个时区。

师:(投影文本)(3)哪两个时区合二为一?

生:东十二时区和西十二时区合二为一。

师:(投影文本)(4)伦敦、开罗、莫斯科、北京、东京、纽约分别在哪个时区?

生:伦敦在0时区、开罗在东二区、莫斯科在东三区、北京在东八区、东京在东九区、纽约在西五区。

(方法引导)

师:(讲解区时的计算方法)(1)用已知经度推算时区:时区序号=已知经度÷15,所得余数<7.5,则整数即为时区序号;所得余数>7.5,则整数+1为时区序号。

(2)已知两地所在地区,计算两地时差:异区相加,同区相减。

(3)已知某地区时,求另一地区时,东加西减。

师:下面再做一个小练习。

(投影文本)(5)从北京出发分别到伦敦、开罗、莫斯科、东京、纽约旅行的游客,在到达目的地时,怎样拨动手表时针,才能使手表显示的时间与目的地的时间一致?

生:到达伦敦要拨慢8个小时,到达开罗要拨慢6个小时,到达莫斯科要拨慢5个小时,到达东京要拨快1个小时,到达纽约要拨慢13个小时。

师:再强调一次地方时的基本计算方法:(1)地方时计算——东加西减,1°=4分钟,15°=1小时:已知A地的地方时,计算B地的地方时,B地在A地的东(西)面用加(减)法,两地经度相差1°(15°)时间相差4分钟(1小时)。(2)地方时计算尺:在下面计算尺上把A、B两地按经度分别标示,再按“(1)”法计算即可,此法直观形象,不易出错。

请大家做一道高考题:(2004文综旧课程卷第11题)希腊雅典(东二区)19时向世界转播体育比赛实况,我国的体育爱好者在电视中看到该实况的时间是

A.13时B.次日凌晨1时

C.次日17时D.23时

(合作探究)

生:(讨论作答)

师:(解析)该题是根据时区进行区时换算的题目,把我国采用东八区区时视为常识。据方法(1)(2)可轻易得到正确答案B。

(过渡)如果此时北京是今天上午8时,问纽约的日期和区时是________。

生:昨日19时。

师:对了。地球上不同的地区会出现两个不同的日期。为了避免日期的紊乱,国际上规定,原则上以180°经线作为地球上“今天”和“昨天”的分界线,叫做“国际日期变更线”,简称“日界线”。

(板书)3.日界线

师:日界线是地球上新的一天的起点和终点,地球上日期的更替都从这条线开始。请大家看教材P17图1.21,时区和国际日界线。日界线和180°经线吻合吗?

生:不吻合,日界线并不完全在180°经线上,而是稍有曲折。

师:很好。这是为了照顾180°经线附近居民生活方便,避开了陆地。由于在任何时刻,东十二区总比西十二区早24小时,所以,自东十二区向东进入西十二区,日期要减去一天;自西十二区向西进入东十二区,日期要增加一天。

下面来看两个例题:

(投影文本)

一对孪生姐妹出生在轮船上,船行在东十二区时,在当地时间2001年2月14日8点钟,恰好姐姐出生,航行在西十二区时妹妹出生。那么,下列说法正确的是

A.妹妹出生在2001年2月15日B.妹妹出生日期为2001年2月13日

C.姐姐出生日期一定比妹妹大一天D.当时船是自东向西航行

(合作探究)

生:(讨论)选B。

(方法引导)

师:非常好。船通过日界线航行,东十二区比西十二区早一天。因为先出生的是姐姐,姐姐出生在东十二区,妹妹后出生,出生在西十二区,由此可知,当时船是自西向东穿过日界线的。根据日期变更的原则,由西向东穿过日界线日期要减去一天,所以妹妹虽然后生下来,但出生日期应为2月13日,按出生日期来看,妹妹比姐姐大一天。所以选B。

师:我们这儿新的一天从几点钟开始?

生:子夜0时。

师:我们这儿一到子夜0时就进入新的一天,因此,0时经线也是日界线。日期判断方法——0时经线向东(西)至180°为新(旧)日期范围:题目里若有“图中阴影区为x日,非阴影区为y日”等字样,应以此法作为解题切入点。请大家再看一个例题。

(投影文本)

当北京时间为10月1日8时,全世界还有

A.恰好一半地方是10月1日B.少一半地方是10月1日

C.少一半地方是9月30日D.多一半地方是9月31日

生:(讨论)选A。

(方法引导)

师:此类问题,必须明确:地球上划分日期的界线有两条,一条是人为划定的界线(日界线),另一条是两天的切换点(旧一天的24时,新一天的0时)所在的经线。

因北京是东八区的区时,如果东八区是8时,那么中时区为10月1日的0时,所以零度经线指示的就是10月1日的0时。根据以上分析,我们可以判断,0°经线和180°经线为9月30日和10月1日的分界线。所以全球恰好有一半地方是10月1日,所以选A选项是正确的。

小结:今天我们通过学习了地球自转产生的地理现象,知道了昼夜交替、地方时差和日界线等知识,了解了晨昏线的特征、昼弧和夜弧的分割、区时和地方时的计算方法、利用日界线进行日期的判断等。这些知识是本章教学中的重点和难点,也是高考中的重点,对你的日常生活也会有现实的帮助。下面我们一起做一些巩固练习。

练习:

(投影文本)

1.已知日本东京时刻为下午4时,美国纽约(75°W)时间为几时?北京(116°E)地方时为几时?

答案:美国纽约(75°W)时间为2时;北京(106°E)地方时为14时44分。

2.已知甲地时间为凌晨3时,北京时间为20时,求甲地的经度位置。

答案:135°W。

3.某年6月22日6时,一架飞机从东十二区的甲地起飞,向东经过5分钟的飞行,飞越180°经线到达乙地,此时乙地的时间为多少?

答案:6月21日6:05。

4.(2000年广东A,36)下图中心点表示北极,阴影区为3月21日,非阴影区为3月22日。读图并回答问题。

(1)NA的经度为________;NB的经度为________。

(2)这时北京为3月________日________时。

解析:先画地球自转方向为逆时针,知NA经线以东为22日,是新日期,故NA为0:00,NB为180°经线,NA经度为180°-120°=60°E,北京在116°E附近,为东八区,位于图中22日范围,东经60°E为0:00,则北京时间为0:00+4=4:00。

答案:(1)60°E180°(2)22日4:00

●板书设计

●活动与探究

探究课题:时区的划分和日界线。

探究内容:读书P17图1.21

(1)在图1.21中找出国际日界线。

(2)地球上哪一个时区的时刻最早,哪一个时区的时刻最迟,为什么?

(3)分析自东十二区向东进入西十二区,或自西十二区向西进入东十二区,日期是怎样变更的?

(4)与同学谈谈从哪些方面还可以感受到时区和区时的存在。

探究办法、过程:读图分析,共同探讨

探究结果:

(1)共同找出国际日界线,看它与180°经线的关系。

(2)东十二区的时刻最早,西十二区的时刻最晚。这是因为人们规定日界线以西的东十二区是地球上最早见到太阳的地方,所以时间最早。而日界线以东的西十二区是地球上最迟见到太阳的地方,所以时间最迟。

(3)自东十二区向东进入西十二区,日期要减去一天;自西十二区向西进入东十二区,日期要增加一天。

(4)比方说,新疆和我国东部时差两小时,因此全国高考开考时间的安排要统筹照顾。

高一英语必修二Unit 4 Wildlife protection导学案(人教新课标)


一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责,教师要准备好教案为之后的教学做准备。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么如何写好我们的教案呢?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“高一英语必修二Unit 4 Wildlife protection导学案(人教新课标)”,希望对您的工作和生活有所帮助。

学习目标:
1.深入理解课文,掌握课文中的基础知识;
2.自主学习,合作探究;
3.体会恐龙退出历史舞台的悲哀,意识到野生动物保护的重要性和紧要性。
学习重点:理解课文;掌握本文中的重点单词和短语。
自主预习
一、重点短语完形
1.__________into____________形成,产生
2.for_____________确切地
3.___________________to根据,按照
二、经典句型应用
1.Othersthinktheearthgot____________hotforthedinosaurs____________liveonanymore.另外一些人认为,地球变得太热,因此恐龙无法在地球上生活了。
2.Nobodyknowsforsure________________dinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.没有人确切地知道恐龙是由于什么原因,又是怎样在这么短的时间里从地球上消失的。
3.What_______ifwildlifeprotectionistosucceed?野生动物保护要想成功,我们必须做些什么?
4.Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,________________________humanscameintobeing.千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多……
合作探究
一、一轮阅读做题目
学法指导:1.先通读教材,完成表层理解题,再勾画出文中的疑难点,了解恐龙消失的原因。
2.限时20分钟完成
1.DecidewhetherthefollowingsentencesareTrueOrFalse[
(1)TherearemanydifferentspeciesofdinosaurandallofthemhavebeenfoundinChina.()
(2)Notlongago,ararenewspeciesofbird—likedinosaurwasdiscoveredinHenanProvince.()
(3)Somescientistsaresuredinosaursdiedoutbecausetheearthgottoohotforthedinosaursto1iveonanymore.()
(4)Dinosaursdiedoutquicklyabout65millionyearsagoandmanyanimalshavediedoutinthelast500years.()
(5)Dinosaurs1ivedontheearthafterhumanscameintobeing.()
(6)Atthattimethosedinosaurscouldonlyrun1iketheOthers.()
2.Answerthefollowingquestions.
(1)HowdidweknowanumberofdinosaursusedtoliveinChina?
___________________________________________________________________________________
(2)Howdidscientistsfindthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalsoclimbtrees?
_______________________________________________________________
二、二轮阅读找难点
1.单词
(1)Whenscientists________(检查)thebones,theyweresurprised.
(2)dinosaur__________
(3)unexpected___________
(4)Ahugerockfromspacehittheearthandputtoomuch_____(灰尘)intotheair.
(5)Theirfutureseemed_________(安全的)atthattime.
2.短语[
(1)They1ivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumans______________(形成)
(2)___________(按照)aUNreport,some844animalsandplantshavedisappearedinthelast500years.
(3)Nobodyknows__________(确切)whyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime.
(4)大量的_________________
(5)_______________过去常常
(6)Dinosaurs___________(灭亡)suddenlyabout65millionyearsago.
3.句型或交际用语
(1)Othersthinktheearthgot______hotforthedinosaurs_____(太…不能……)1iveonanymore.
(2)Theyweresurprisedtofindthatthesedinosaurscould___________runliketheothers_____________(不但…….而且……)climbtrees.
4.重点句型与长难句
1.Theylearnedthisfromthewaytheboneswerejoinedtogether.
(1)theway是先行词,定语从句的关系词可以是_______;________;___________.
(2)你还能想起其他的特殊先行词吗?写在横线上_____________________
2....theyweresurprisedtofindthatthesedinosaurscouldnotonlyrunliketheothersbutalsoclimbtrees.
(1)翻译:____________________________________________
(2)Notonly________________________(他们能跑)butalsotheycouldclimbtrees.
三、Languagepoints
1.Theylivedontheearthtensofmillionsofyearsago,longbeforehumanscameintobeingandtheirfutureseemedsecureatthattime.(P30)千百万年前,恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多,当时它们的前景好像也很安全。
longbefore“早在......之前;很久以前”此短语后面可以跟名词、代词或句子,也可以单独作状语。常用于过去时或过去完成时。
beforelong相当于soon“不久或不久之后”常与将来时或过去时连用。
IknewBettylongbeforeyougotmarriedtoher.早在你和贝蒂结婚之前,我就认识她了。
HesaidthathehadbeentoShanghailongbefore.他说他很久以前去过上海。
Itlooksasifitwillsnowbeforelong.看起来好像一会儿要下雪。
Wewillknowitbeforelong.我们很快就会知道了。
comeintobeing形成;产生comeintoeffect开始生效/执行/实施
comeintopower/office就职;上台执政comeintouse开始被使用
comeintoexistence开始存在;形成;产生
Wedonotknowwhentheworld______________.
A.cameintopowerB.cameintobeingC.cameupD.cameacross

2.Somescientiststhinkitcameafteranunexpectedincidentwhenahugerockfromspacehittheearthandputtoomuchdustintotheair.(P30)有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一件意外事故之后,当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。
易混辨析
incident偶然发生的、通常不太重要的事件
affair主要指“有关的事、事务、活动等”,也可指外交大事
event指“每日里发生的事件、事或活动、比赛项目”
A(n)_______happenedonmytriptotheGreatWall.Thatis,mycamerawasleftonthebus.
A.accidentB.thingC.affairD.incident

3.AccordingtoaUNreport,some844animalsandplantshavedisappearedinthelast500years.(P30)根据联合国的一份报告,在过去的500年里,有844种动植物消失。
1)根据;按照
Everythingwentoffaccordingtotheplan.一切都按照计划实现了。
AccordingtoMike,it’sagreatmovie.据迈克说,这是一部了不起的电影。
2)合乎;符合
It’snotaccordingtohisnaturetogivepraise.他本性不喜欢颂扬。
注意:
accordingto其后可接名词、代词或what从句。用来引出来自他人或他处的消息,不能与me或myopinion连用。inmyopinion表示自己的观点,意为“依我看”。
_________theweatherreport,weshallhavecoldweathernextweek.
A.thankstoB.intermsofC.accordingtoD.becauseof

4.sothat以至于,结果;以便,为了
1)以至于,结果(用于引导结果状语从句)
Everyonelentahandsothattheworkwasfinishedaheadoftime.
每个人都帮了忙,所以工作提前完成了。
2)以便,为了(引导目的状语从句),从句中常含有情态动词may/might,can/could,should,would等;可与inorderthat互换使用。
Hegotupveryearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.为了赶上第一班车,他起床很早。
Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,______theyknewittobevaluable.
A.asifB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.sothat

四、词汇串记
Asweknow,thenumberofsome________(野生)plantsandanimalshasalready_________(减少)andsomeanimalshavealready___________(灭绝).Soitishightimeforusto________much___________________________(注意保护野生动植物).Buthowcanwepreventendangeredanimalsfrombeing___________(面临…危险)disappearing?Firstly,weshould________(保护)them______being_______(免遭捕杀).Itisof_________(重要)toeducatepeopletoregardanimalsasourfriends.Thosewhowanttogetlarge_______(暴利)fromhuntinganimalsfortheir______(毛皮)shouldbepunished.Secondly,somenature_____(保护区)and________(保护带)shouldbeset_________(为的是)animalscanlive___________(平静地).Itisalsonecessaryto_______(雇佣)somepeopletolookafterthem.Onlyinthiswaywillanimalsnotbe______(伤害)moreoften.Thirdly,thehabitofeatingthemeatofsome_________(濒危)animalsshouldbegotridof.________________(根据)somereports,somerestaurantsarestillservingsuchdishesnow.Thegovernmentshouldmakemore_________(强有力的)lawstostopthis_________(事件)happeningagain.Ifso,thedayswhenallendangeredanimalsare____________________(任…摆布)ofhumanbeingswillbegone.Ifeveryonehasthesenseofprotectingwildlife,itis____________(必然的)thatanatmosphereofwildlifeprotectionwill_____________(形成).Thusahappy__________(结局)forbothhumanbeingsandwildlifewillappear.

新课标 高一必修1 英语教案Unit 1 Friendship


一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备,高中教师要准备好教案,这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础,帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。那么,你知道高中教案要怎么写呢?下面是小编为大家整理的“新课标 高一必修1 英语教案Unit 1 Friendship”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。

PartOne:TeachingDesign(第一部分:教学设计)
Period1:Asamplelessonplanforreading
(ANNE’SBESTFRIEND)
Aims
Totalkaboutfriendship
Toreadaboutfriendship

Procedures
I.Warmingup
1.Warmingupbyassessing
Alotofpeoplehaveonlyfewpossibilitiesofgettingfeedbackabouttheirownpersonality.Inthisexerciseyouwillhavetheopportunitytogetsomefeedbackandtodiscussitwithapartner.Whilecomparingyourmutualjudgements,certainprejudicesormisunderstandingsmayappear,aspeopleoftendonotknoweachotherthoroughlyenoughtojudgeotherscorrectly.Trytobehonest!
Selfassessment
Ofthefollowingcharacteristicschoose5thatareparticularlyapplicabletoyoupersonally.
sociable,honest,friendly,easygoing,nervous,open-minded,anxious,careful,talented,talkative,nosy,thoughtful,generous,carefree,pessimistic,peaceful,optimistic,interesting,reliable,helpful,active,careless,caring,exact,adventurous,imaginative,hot-blooded,well-organised,trustworthy,patient,responsible,outgoing,kind,brave,warm-hearted,selfless,tolerant
Partnerassessment
Nowchoose5characteristicfeatureswhichyouthinkareespeciallyapplicabletoyourpartner.
sociable,honest,friendly,easygoing,nervous,open-minded,anxious,careful,talented,talkative,nosy,thoughtful,generous,carefree,pessimistic,peaceful,optimistic,interesting,reliable,helpful,active,careless,caring,exact,adventurous,imaginative,hot-blooded,well-organised,trustworthy,patient,responsible,outgoing,kind,brave,warm-hearted,selfless,tolerant
2.Warmingupbydescribing
Havethestudentsgetintogroupsoffourtodescribetheirownidealfriend.IndividualstudentsmustdecideonTOP5characteradjectivesthatcouldbeusedtodescribetheidealfriendandinsisttheyhavegoodreasonsfortheirchoice.Thenletthegroupleadergivetheclassadescriptionoftheiridealfriend.
3.Furtherapplying
Youmayalsohavethestudentsdothesurveyinthetextbook,followingthestepsbelow.
1.Getthestudentstomakealistofthreequalitiesagoodfriendshouldhave.
2.Havethestudentsgetintogroupsoffourtofindoutwhateachhaslisted.
3.Haveamemberofeachgroupreportonwhattheirlistshaveincommonandlistthemontheboard.
4.Asktheclasswhetherornottheyagreewithallthequalitieslisted.
5.Thenhavethestudentsdothesurveyinthetextbook.
6.Havethestudentsscoretheirsurveyaccordingtothescoringsheetonpage8.
7.Theteacherasksomestudentshowmanypointstheygotforthesurveyandassesstheirvaluesoffriendship:
★4~7points:Youarenotagoodfriend.Youeitherneglectyourfriend’sneedsorjustdowhathe/shewantsyoutodo.Youshouldthinkmoreaboutwhatagoodfriendneedstodo.
★8~12points:Youareagoodfriendbutyousometimesletyourfriendshipbecometooimportant,oryoufailtoshowenoughconcernforyourfriend’sneedsandfeelings.Trytostrikeabalancebetweenyourfriend’sneedsandyourownresponsibilities.
★13+points:Youareanexcellentfriendwhorecognizesthattobeagoodfriendyouneedbalanceyourneedsandyourfriend’s.Welldone.
(Youmayalsoshowyourstudentstheresultsaboveandletthemselvesself-reflectupontheirownvaluesoffriendship)
II.Pre-reading
TofocustheStudents’attentiononthemaintopicofthereadingpassage.
Toactivatetheirpreviousknowledgeonthetopic.
III.Talkingandsharing
Workingroupsoffour.Tellyourgroupmateshowyoureflectonthesequestions.
1.Whydoyouneedfriends?Makealistofreasonswhyfriendsareimportanttoyou.
2.Whatdoyouthinkagoodfriendshouldbelike?Listwhatagoodfriendshoulddoandsharethelistwithyourpartners.
3.Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?Whatelsecanbeafriend?
4.Doyouthinkadiarycanbecomeyourfriend?Whyorwhynot?
Instructions:Theteachercangiveeachgrouponeofthesequestionsabovetotalkabout.Thenlettheclasssharetheirideas.It’sbettertostimulatethestudentstochallengetheirclassmates’opinionsaboutthesequestions.
Possibleanswers
Q1:ReasonsIneedfriends:
※tocopewithstressfulsituationsinlife
※tosharemyworriesandsecretsinmyinnerworld
※toshowmyconcernforotherpeople
※toletotherpeoplesharemyhappiness
※tounfoldtootherpeoplethesecretsinmyheart(tonamebutfew.)
Q2:Agoodfriendshould:
※tellmethetruth(honest)
※begoodtome(friendly)
※bewillingtoconsideroracceptothers’ideasoropinions(open-minded)
※bewillingtohelpothers(generousorhelpful)
※begood-tempered
※thinkaboutwhatothersneedandtrytohelpthem(caring)
※beloyaltotheirresponsibility(responsible)
※noteasilyupset(easy-going)
※beout-going(liketomeetandtalktonewpeople)
※betolerant(allowotherpeopletohavedifferentopinionsordosomethinginadifferentway)
※beselfless(tonamebutfew)
Q3:Whatelsecanbeafriend?
Answerscanbevarious.(omitted)
Q4:Students’answersmayvarybutmustincludeareason.
Yes.Ithinkitcanbe,becauseIcansetdownhowIfeeleverydayinmydiary,andletotherpeoplereadittosharemyfeelingssometimelater.Aboveall,itfeelsgoodtowritedownmythoughtsandfeelingonpaperwhenIamsadorlonely.
IV.Reading
1.Lookingandguessing
Workinpairs.Lookatthepicturesandtheheadingandguesswhatthetextmightbeabout.
1).Imaginewhatitmightbelikeifyouhadtostayinyourbedroomforawholeyear.YoucouldnotleaveiteventogototheWCortogetacupoftea.Howwouldyoufeel?
2).Whatwouldyouchooseifyouareonlyallowedtohavefivethingswithyouinthehidingplacebecausethereisverylittleroom?
2.Readingtosummarisethemainideaofeachparagraph.
Skimthetextandsummarisethemainideaofeachparagraphinonesentence.
Para.One:Annemadeherdiaryherbestfriendwhomshecouldtelleverything.

Para.Two:Anne’sdiaryactedashertruefriendduringthetimesheandherfamilyhadtohideawayforalongtime.

Para.Three:Havingbeenkeptindoorsforsolong,Annegrewsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.

3.Languagefocus
Nextyouaretoreadandunderlinealltheusefulexpressionsorcollocationsinthepassage.Copythemtoyournotebookafterclassashomework.
laughat,gothrough,make/call+O+Noun(asO.C.),hideaway,setdown,growcrazyabout,dowith…,therewasatimewhen…,keepsb.spellbound,onpurpose,inordertodosth.,fartoo+adj./adv,happentodosth.,itwasthefirst/secondtimethat…,facetoface
V.Closingdown
Closingdownbydoingexercises
ToendthelessonyouaretodothecomprehendingExercises1and2.
Closingdownbydiscussionofideas
Workingroupsoffour.Discusstheideasputforwardinthereadingpassage.Itdoesnotmatterwhetheryouagreeordisagree.Whatisimportantisthatyoushouldhaveareasonforwhatyousay.Alsoyoucanputforwardyourownideas,eithercriticisingthetextorusingitasasupport:
★WhatwouldyoudoifyourfamilyweregoingtobekilledjustbecausetheydidsomethingtheEmperordidnotlike?
★Wherewouldyouplantohide?
★Howwouldyouarrangetogetfoodgiventoyoueveryday?
Whatwouldyoudotopassthetime?
LanguagechunksfromUnit1Friendship
addup,getsth.done,calmsb.done,havegotto,goonholiday,talkcareof,walkthedog,getloose,payforsth,cheatintheexam,shouldhavedone,someoneelse’s,laughat,gothrough,hideaway,setdown,aseriesof,ahidingplace,Iwonderif…,grow/be/becomecrazyabout,couldhavedone,keepsb.spellbound,keepdoing,stayawake,onpurpose,inorderto,byoneself,fartoomuch,itwas(is)thefirsttimethat…,facetoface,feellonely/sitalone,saveone’slife,beconcernedabout,withsomanyclotheson,havetroublewithsb,atthemoment,getalong(well)withsb./sth,enjoydoing,be/become/makefriendswith,be/fallinlove(with),trysth.outonsb.askforadvice,givesb.someadviceon…,makeanefforttodosth.,joininsth.,showone’sinterestin,farandwide,payattentionto,looktoone’sownconcern,shareone’sthoughtsandfeelingswithsb,cometoaconclusion,bepreparedtodosth.,aheart-to-hearttalk,hurtone’sfeelings,changeone’smind,liveinpeace,goonapicnic,getawaywith,feelathome,inneed

Period2:AsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage
(Directthevalueofitisseldomknownuntilitbelost.”---CharlesCalebColton
★“Afriendisonewhowalksinwhenotherswalkout”---WalterWinchell
★“Afriendisonewhobelievesinyouwhenyouhaveceasedtobelieveinyourself.”---Lysha
★“Thebetterpartofoneslifeconsistsofhisfriendships.”---AbrahamLincoln
★“Adviceislikesnow;thesofteritfalls,thelongeritdwellsupon,andthedeeperitsinksintothemind.”---SamuelTaylorColeridge
★“Friendshipisthegoldenribbonthattiestheworldtogether.”---KristinaKentigian
★“Friendsarethesunshineoflife.”---JohnHay
★Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
II.Tipsonbeingagoodfriend
※Treatyourfriendsthewayyouwanttobetreated.
※Keepsecretsthataretoldtoyou.
※Payattentionwhenyourfriendistalking.
※Keepyourpromises.
※Sharethingswithyourfriend.
※Tellyourfriendthetruth.
※Stickupforyourfriend.
III.Whatkindoffriendareyou?

1.Ifyourfriendtellsyouasecretthatisn’tbadbutyoupromisednottotellanyone,youwill________.
A.telleveryoneB.keepthepromise
2.Ifyouknowyourfriendisplanningtocheatonatest,youwill________.
A.tellyourteacherB.letyourfriendcheat
C.helpyourfriendstudyforthetestsoshewontfeelsheneedstocheat
3.Ifyourfriendtellsyouasecretanditmaycausehisorherdeath,youwill________.
A.tellatrustedadultB.keepitasecretC.tellyourfriends
Youmayprintthissheetandanswerthequestions.Thendiscusstheanswerswithyourfriends.
Atruefriendshipshould:
☉encourageyoutoliveyourdream.
☉supportyoutowardyourgoals.
☉sympathizeforyourlossesandhelpyoufindasilverlining.
☉buildyourself-esteem.
Ifhappinessandlife-satisfactionareyourgoals,yourfriendsshouldbechosenonthebasisofhowwelltheycanaccomplishthosefourgoals.
Happinessisapersonalchoicethatcomesfromwithin.But,asthefriendshippoemsays,itsurelydoesn’thurttohavesupportivefriendshipsthathelpusachieveourgoals.
IV.Self-reflectionuponfriendship
ReadthefollowingstatementsandthentickYes(√)orNo(×)toshowyouropinionsuponfriendship.
1.Friendshipisveryimportanttome.
2.Ihavealotoffriends.
3.Therecanbetruefriendshipbetweenaschoolboyandaschoolgirl.
4.Iamverykindtomyfriends.
5.Ithinkeveryoneshouldhavefriends.
6.Friendsmusthavethesamecharacter.
7.Ikeepadiaryandthinkitismyclosefriend.
8.Whenmyfriendisintrouble,Iamalwaysreadytohelp.
9.Idon’tliketotalktoothersverymuch.Iliketobealone.
10.Ikeepapetanimalandtreatitlikeafriend.
Afriendshippoem
Choosefriendswisely,theportraittheypaint
Iswhoyouareandwhoyouain’t.
Friendshipislife’sgreatsupport
Whenfriendsareoftherightsort.
Forallyourdreamsdotheymakeroom,
Orbringyoudownwithdoomandgloom?
Youwillknowafriendshipistrue.
Whenitbringsoutthebestinyou.
It’strue.Youcantellapersonbythecompanyshekeeps.Ourfriendshipsnotonlytellalotaboutwhoweare---theymakeuswhoweare.Thefriendshippoemabovesaysitall.Youwillknowafriendshipistruewhenitbringsoutthebestinyou.
Takealookatyourfriends.Dotheybringoutthebestinyou?Thatmightseemlikeasillyquestion.Wealltendtothink,“Ofcoursetheybringoutthebestinme.Iwouldn’tbefriendswiththemotherwise.”
Section2:Vocabularyteachingstrategy
I.Theroleofvocabularyteaching
InthecontextoflearningEnglishasaforeignlanguage,alearnerisforcedtobeautonomousandindependentandmakeconsciousefforttolearnvocabularyoutsidetheclassroomsimplybecausetheexposuretothetargetlanguageislimitedinclass.Soteacherscannotrelyontheirstudents‘pickingup’lexicalitems.Thismakesexplicitvocabularyteachingnecessary.However,vocabularyisnotoriouslydifficultifnotimpossibletoteachbecauseofthecomplexityofitslinguistic,semanticandpsycho-cognitiveaspects
II.Bestapproach
Therearenouniversallyusefulstrategiesandtheycontributetovocabularylearningindifferentways.Studentsuseanumberofstrategies,oftensimultaneously.Theefficiencyofvocabularylearningdependsonhowstudentscombineindividualstrategies.Ifstudentscombineandemployindividualstrategiesfromdifferentgroupstheywillbemoresuccessfulindevelopingthetargetlanguagelexicon.Thus,theidealcombinationwouldbethatofstrategiesfromallfourgroups.
Theteachershouldcreateactivitiesandtasks(tobedonebothinandoutsideclass)tohelpstudentstobuildtheirvocabularyanddevelopstrategiestolearnthevocabularyontheirown.Studentsexperimentandevaluateandthendecidewhichtoadoptorrejectsincestrategiesarenotintendedtobeprescriptive.
III.Practicalactivities
Hereisaselectionofpracticalactivitiesthatdirectlearnerstowardsusingstrategiesofvocabularylearning.
1.Theusefulalphabet(self-initiatedindependentlearning)
Eachstudentgetsaletterandhastofind5,10or15wordsheorshethinkswouldbeusefulforhimorher.Heorshethenreporttotheclass,perhapsasamingleactivity,usingwordcards(ononesidetheywritetheletter,ontheothertheinformationontheword-spelling,pronunciation,definition).
2.Wordbag(formalpractice)
Thisistogetyourstudentstowritedownnewwordstheyhearinclass.
Atthebeginningoftheterm/course,dividestudentsintogroupsofabout5andgiveeachgroupanumber(e.g.1-6).Atthebeginningofeachclass,giveeachgroupabout10cardsonwhichtheywritethenumberoftheirgroupandthenewwordstheyhearinclass.Attheendofeachclass,theyputtheircardsintothe“wordbag”andevery2weeksyoucheckwhethertheystillknowthosewordsandwhichgrouphasthemostcards.Intheendtherearetwowinners:thegroupthathasthemostcards,andtheonethatknowsmorewords.
3.Especiallyforyou(Functionalpractice)
Theteacherpreparesalistofwords.Eachstudentgetsoneword,whichispreparedespeciallyforhimorher.Thetrickisthateachstudentgetsawordwhoseinitialletteristhesameastheinitialofthestudent’sfirstname,e.g.Lindagetslistless.Eachstudentmustlookitupinthedictionaryduringtheclassandafterafewminutesreporttotheclass.E.g.“MynameisLindaandI’mlistless.ThatmeansthatIam...(definition)...”.Forhomeworkstudentscandothesameusingtheirsurname.
4.Wordtour(memorizing)
Instructionsforyourstudents:Thinkofatownorcityyouknowwell.Imaginethatyouareorganizingasightseeingtour.Thinkof5placesyouwouldincludeonyourtourandwritedowntheorderinwhichthetouristswouldvisitthem.Learnyourtouroffbyheartsothatyoucanpictureitinyourmind.Wheneveryouhave5newEnglishwordstolearn,imaginethesewordsarethetouristsonyourtourandpicturethewordsintheplacesonyourtourlikethis.
Tour:TrafalgarSquare;BuckinghamPalace;HousesofParliament;WestminsterAbbey;DowningStreet.Wordstolearn:apron,dustpan,vacuumcleaner,featherduster,broom.ImagineNelsononhiscolumninTrafalgarSquarewearinganapron,thequeenbrushingthefloorinBuckinghamPalaceandusingadustpan...

Section3:WordsandexpressionsfromUnit1Friendship
addv.1.putsomethingwithsomethingelseorwithagroupofotherthings:Doyouwanttoaddyournametothelist?2.toputtwoormorenumberstogetherinordertocalculatethetotal:Add6and6tomake12.3.toincreasethenumber:Thesalestaxadds15%tothepriceofclothes.4.tosaysomemorethatisrelatedtowhathasalreadybeensaid:That’sallIwanttosay.Isthereanythingyou’dliketoadd.
Otherverbalphrasesof“add”
addto:tomakesomethinglargerandmorenoticeable:Ourexplanationseemedonlytoaddtohisbewilderment.
addup:tocalculatethetotalofseveralnumbers:Addyourscoresupandwe’llseewhowon.
addupto:tohaveaparticularresult:Hisschoolingaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.
point:n.1.smallspot:Thestarsshoneliketinypointsoflightinthesky.2.sharpend:aknifewithaverysharppoint.3.aunitusedtoshowthescoreinagameorsport:Shelostthreepointsforthatfall.(inaskatingmatch)
upset:1.vt.foolish:That’sthecraziestideaI’veeverheard.2.mad;illinthemind:Turnthatmusicdown---it’sdrivingmecrazy.3.becrazyabout=tolikesb.verymuch,orbeveryinterestedinsomething:Theboyiscrazyaboutfootball.4.likecrazy=veryhard:Wehavetoworklikecrazytogetthisfinishedontime.
purpose:1.n.anintentionorplan;thefeelingofhavinganaiminlife:Thediscussionservesatwinpurpose---instructionandfeedback.Tomwentforawalk,withnodefinitepurposeinmind.2.onpurpose=deliberately
trust:1.n.astrongbeliefinthehonesty,goodnessetc.ofsomeoneorsomethinge.g.Youshouldn’tputyourtrustinamanlikethat.2.vt.tobelievethatsomeoneishonestandwillnotharmyouorcheatyou:ItrustedMax,soIlenthimthemoney.Canhebetrustedtolookafteryourpetdog?
suffer:vt.tohavesth.returnedtoyou
getdown:tomakesb.feelunhappy;
getdowntosth./doingsth.:tostartdoingsomethingthatneedsalotoftimeorenergy.
getover:getwellafteranillness;todoandfinishsth.difficult
getthrough:topassatestorexam
communicate:vi.toexpressyourthoughtsandfeelings:Parentssometimesfinditdifficulttocommunicatewithteenagechild.

人教新课标英语必修1全册精品教案(U5)


经验告诉我们,成功是留给有准备的人。作为高中教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,帮助高中教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢?小编经过搜集和处理,为您提供人教新课标英语必修1全册精品教案(U5),欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero

PartOne:TeachingDesign(第一部分:教学设计)

Period1:Asampleplanforreading

(ELIAS’STORY)

Aims

Totalkaboutpeople’squalities

Toreadaboutenablepeople’slifestoryTostudyTheAttributiveClause(where,when,why,prep.+which/whom)

Tolearntowriteletters

Procedures

I.Warmingup

Warmingupbydescribing

Boysandgirls,thismorningwe’lltakeupUnit5inwhichwe’lllearntodescribepeople.Nowlet’sdescribeourselvesfirst.Thequestionsinthewarminguppartwillhelpyoufindoutwhatqualitiesyouhave.Thentellmewhatkindofapersondoyouthinkyouare.Doyouthinkyouhavethequalitiestobeagreatperson?Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkweshouldfindinagreatperson?

a.Givethestudentsoneminutetoanswerthequestions.

b.Asksomestudentstotalkabouttheirownqualitiesaccordingtotheiranswers.

c.Haveadiscussionwiththewholeclassandhelpthemtosumupthequalitiesthatagreatpersonhas.

(Sumingup:Agreatpersonshouldbedetermined,hard-working,unselfish,andgenerous.Heshouldfollowhisideasandneverloseheartwhenheisintrouble.Heusuallygivesupsomethingtoachievehisgoals.Heshouldbewillingtodopublicserviceworkwithoutpay,beactiveinsocialactivities,getsonwellwithothers,andhelpothers,etc.)

Warmingupbybrainstorming

Boysandgirls,inUnit5wewilltalkaboutNelsonMandela,agreatleaderwhofightsfortherightsoftheblackpeople.Whentalkingaboutaperson,whatadjectivescanyouthinkoftodescribehisorherqualities?Whatarethequalitiesyoushouldfindinagreatperson?

(Adjectivesfordescribingaperson:kind,honest,brave,loyal,happy,wise,smart,friendly,warm,cheerful,popular,generous,hard-working,diligent,weak,stupid,lazy,dishonest,mean,tense,cold,unkind,miserable,dull,strong-minded,determined,)

Warmingupbyexpressions

Boysandgirls,wearegoingtolearnaboutsomegreatpeopleinUnit5.Canyounamesomegreatpeople?Nowdiscussingroupsoffour:Whodoyouadmiremost?Whatkindofpersonishe/she?Whatarethequalitiesthatgreatpeoplehaveincommon?

SunYat-sen(November12,1866–March12,1925)wasaChineserevolutionaryleaderandstatesmanwhoisconsideredbymanytobethe“FatherofModernChina”.HehadasignificantinfluenceintheoverthrowoftheQingDynastyandestablishmentoftheRepublicofChina.AfounderoftheKuomintang,SunwasthefirstprovisionalpresidentoftheRepublicofChinain1912anddefactoleaderfrom1923to1925.HedevelopedapoliticalphilosophyknownastheThreePrinciplesofthePeople.SunisuniquelyadmiredbymostChinese.Yet,hislifewasoneofconstantstruggleandfrequentexileasfewofhisvisionsforhiscountrymaterialized.

II.Pre-reading

1.Now,lookatthesixpeopleinthepre-readingpart.Canyourecognizethem?Doyouthinktheyareimportantpeople?(Yes.Becausetheyhavedonesomethingreallyimportanttobenefittheworldoracountry.)Butdoyouthinkallofthemaregreatpeople?

WilliamTyndale(sometimesspelledTindale)(ca.1484-October6,1536)wasa16thcenturypriestandscholarwhotranslatedtheBibleintoanearlyformofModernEnglish.AlthoughnumerouspartialandcompleteEnglishtranslationshadbeenmadefromthe7thcenturyonward,Tyndale’swasthefirsttotakeadvantageofthenewmediumofprint,whichallowedforitswidedistribution.

2.Speakingtask:Studentsreadtheinformationofeachofthesixpersonsanddiscussinpairstofindoutwhetherheisagreatpersonornotaccordingtothecriteriatheyworkedoutinthepreviousstep.

Remindthestudentstousethefollowingexpressionsforgivingandaskingforopinions:

Ithink/Idon’tthink…;inmyopinion;I’mafraid…;Iagree/don’tagree…;Iprefer…;What’syouropinion?Whydoyouthinkso?Whatdoyouthinkof…?

Asampledialogue:

A:DoyouthinkWilliamTidalisagreatperson?

B:Yes.Ithinkso.HehadastrongbeliefthatallpeopleshouldbeabletoreadtheBibleforthemselves.SohetranslatedandprinteditintoEnglishalthoughhewasnotallowedtodoso.Andlaterhediedforhiswork.

A:Yes.Iagree.WilliamTyndalewentthroughalotofstrugglesanddifficultiesandevensacrificedhislifetorealizehisdream.HeisagreatpersonthateverybodywhopicksuptheBiblemustthinkof.Now,let’scometoNormanBethune.Whatdoyouthinkofhim?

B:….

III.Reading

1.Skimmingforgeneralidea

Sofarwehavetalkedalotaboutgreatpeople.Doyouwanttoknowmoreaboutthemandlearnfromthem?Well,thismorningwearegoingtoreadaboutNelsonMandela,whowasconsideredasamodernhero.Nowopenyourbookstopage34andreadthetitleofthetext.Whatkindofwritingisthetext,canyouguess?…Yes.Astoryisusuallyapieceofnarrativewriting.Nowskimthetexttogetthegeneralidea:WhatdoesEliastellaboutinhisstory?(Hetellsabouthislife,howMandelahelpedhimandhowhesupportedMandela.)

2.Listeningandscanningfordetailinformation

a.ListentothetextagainanddoComprehendingEx....1.

True:2,4False:1,3,5,6,7,8

b.ScanthetextanddoComprehendingEx.2.

Suggestedanswers:

1940—Eliaswasborn.1948—Eliasleftschool.

1942—Eliaswastwoyearsold.1950—NelsonMandelaopenedhislawfirm

1944—Eliaswasfouryearsold.1952—Eliaswas12andmetNelsonMandela.

1946—Eliasbeganschool.1954—Eliaswas14andencouragedbyMandela.

3.Questionsforfurtherunderstanding

Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsoffour:

a.Howdidthewhitepeoplestoptheblackpeoplefrombeingtreatedfairly?

b.WhydidEliassupportMandela?

c.Whydidhesupportviolencewhenhedidnotagreewithit?

Suggestedanswers:

a.Throughunfairlaws.

b.Therearethreereasonsforthis.Firstly,MandelaoncehelpedhimandhethoughtMandelakindandgenerous.Secondly,heagreedwithMandela’spoliticalideas.Forexample,heagreedwithhisexplanationofhowtheblackpeoplewerenottreatedfairly.Healsosidedwithhimonhisviewofpeacefulfighting.Thirdly,heknewthatwhatMandelafoughtforwastomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal.

c.Becausetheirattempttoattackthelawinapeacefulwayfailed.Theyhadtoanswerviolencewithviolence.

IV.Closingdown

Closingdownbydiscussing

a.WhatdoyoulearnaboutNelsonMandelafromELIAS’STORY?

b.DoyoulikethewayEliastellshisstory?Giveareason.

Suggestedanswers:

a.IknowthatMandelaisagreatleaderwhofoughtforequalrightsfortheblackpeopleallthroughhislife.HeorganizedtheANCYouthLeaguewhichfoughtagainstthegovernment.Heisinfavorofpeacefulfighting.Heiskind,helpful,generous,brave,anddetermined.

b.Variousanswersarepossible.Forreference:IlikethewayEliastellsthestory.Eliasisablackworkerwithonlyalittleeducation,soheusessomesimpleandshortsentencestodescribehisexperiencesandhiscontactwithMandela,andthusmakesthewholestorymorereal-likeandclosetothereaders.ThequotedspeechinthestoryobjectivelyrevealsMandela’spoliticalviewsthroughwhichsomeaspectsofMandela’squalitiesareshownclearly.

Closingdownbyretelling

Retellthestoryaccordingtothefollowingclues:

introductionofElias’problem;Mandela’shelp;Elias’support

Closingdownbyaninterview

Askthestudenttodoaninterviewinpairs.AjournalistisinterviewingEliaswiththefollowingquestions:

WhendidyoufirstmeetMandela?

Canyoutellmemoreabouthowhehelpedyou?

Canyoutellmeabouttheproblemsthattheblackpeoplearefacing?

Howdoyoulikehisideaofpeacefulfighting?

Whatdoyouthinkofhim?

Whatwillyoudotosupporthiminthefuture?

Period2:AsampleplanforLearningaboutLanguage

(TheAttributiveClause:where,when,why,prep.+which/whom)

Aims

Tohelpstudentslearnaboutattributiveclauseintroducedbywhen,where,why,andprep.+which/whom

Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions

Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures

Procedures

I.Warmingup

Warmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

Turntopage35anddoexercisesNo.1and2.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.

II.Learningaboutgrammar

1.Readingandthinking

Turntopage34.ReadthetextofELISA’STORYandfindoutalltheattributiveclauses.

Thinkoverthisquestion:Onwhatcircumstancedoweusewhen/where/whytointroducedanattributiveclause?(“Where”isusedwhentheantecedentreferstoaplace,and“when”isusedfortime.“Why“isusedwhentheantecedentis“why”.)

Forreference:

ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.

TheschoolwhereIstudiedonlytowyearswasthreekilometersaway.

ThiswasatimewhenyouhadgottoliveinBeijing.

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedmewasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.

Wehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.

Thepartsoftownwheretheylivedwereplacesdecidedbywhitepeople.

TheplaceswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestareasinSouthAfrica.

2.Comparinganddiscovering

Turntopage36.DoEx.1.Thencomparethefollowingsentencesandfindoutwhyweusedifferentwordstointroducetheattributiveclauseswhiletheantecedentsarethesame.

a.Thegovernmentbuildingwherewevotedwasverygrand.

b.Thegovernmentbuildingwhich/thatwepaidavisittoyesterdaywasverygrand.

c.Thegovernmentbuildinginwhichwevotedwasverygrand.

Insentencea),arelativeadverb“where”isusedbecauseitrefersto“inthegovernmentbuilding”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“inwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencec)becauseitalsomeans“inthegovernmentbuilding”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentenceb),arelativepronoun“which”isusedasitrefersto“thegovernmentbuilding”whichservesastheobjectofthepredicate“visited”intheattributiveclause.

Compareanotherthreesentences:

a.ThedatewhenIarrivedwasthe5thAugust.

b.Thedatewhich/thathetoldmewasthe5thAugust.

c.ThedateonwhichIarrivedwasthe5thAugust.

Insentencea),arelativeadverb“when”isusedbecauseitrefersto“onthatdate”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“inwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencec)becauseitalsomeans“onthatdate”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentenceb),arelativepronoun“which”isusedasitrefersto“thedate”servingastheobjectofthepredicate“told”intheattributiveclause.

Readthefollowingsentenceandfindout

a.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.

b.Thereasonthat/whichhegaveforgettingthejobwasbecauseofhishardwork.

c.ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasbecauseofmyhardwork.

Insentencea),arelativeadverb“why”isusedbecauseitrefersto“forthisreason”whichservesastheadverbialintheattributiveclause.“forwhich”canalsobeusedasinsentencec)becauseitalsomeans“forthisreason”intheattributiveclause.Whileinsentenceb),arelativepronoun“which/that”isusedasitrefersto“thereason”servingastheobjectofthepredicate“gave”intheattributiveclause.

III.Readyusedmaterialsforattributiveclause

Definitions:Attributiveclause:Anattributiveclauseisaclausemodifyinganounorpronouninacompoundsentence.

Antecedent:Thewordbeingmodifiedbyanattributiveclauseiscalledtheantecedent.

Relative:Thewordthatisusedtointroduceanattributiveclauseiscalledarelative.Therearetwokindsofrelatives,i.e.relativepronounsincludingwhich,that,who,whom,whose,as,etc.andrelativeadverbsincludingwhere,whenandwhy,etc.

Note:Relativesplaysthreeimportantrolesinanattributiveclause,i.e.introducinganattributiveclause,replacingtheantecedentinmeaning,andfunctioningasasentenceelementintheattributiveclause.

e.g.:ThegirlwhoistalkingtoMr.Lioverthereismysister.

Inthesentence,Thegirlistheantecedentandwhoisusedtointroducetheattributiveclauseastheantecedentisaperson.It(who)referstothegirlandfunctionsasthesubjectintheattributiveclause.

Thechoiceoftherelativesisthemostdifficultinlearningtheattributiveclause.However,therearesomerulesthatcanhelpuschoosethecorrectrelatives.Usually,whichrelativetochoosedependsonwhattheantecedentisandwhatsentenceelementtherelativefunctionsintheattributiveclauseasshowninthefollowingchart:

Antecedent

Relative

Sentenceelement

people

whothat

subjectobject

whom

object

things

whichthat

subjectobject

time

whichthat

subjectobject

whenprep.+which

adverbial

place

whichthat

subjectobject

whereprep.+which

adverbial

reason

whyprep.+which

adverbial

Note:relativescanbeomittediftheyservesastheobjectsintheattributiveclauses.

Ifarelativefunctionsastheobjectofaprepositionintheattributiveclause,theprepositioncanusuallybeplacedbeforetherelative.Inthissituation,weuse“which”forthingsand“whom”forpeople,andtheycanneverbeomitted.However,iftheprepositionandaverbformasetphraseintheattributiveclause,theyshouldnotbeseparated:

Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

Thisisthegirl(who/whom)IwenttotheGreatWallwith.

ThisisthegirlwithwhomIwenttotheGreatWall.

Thesentence“Thisisthewatch(which/that)youarelookingfor.”cannotbechangedinto“Thisisthewatchforwhichyouarelooking.”because“lookfor”isasetphrase.

Nowturntopage36andlet’sdoEx.2and3.

IV.Closingdownbydoingaquiz

Toendtheperiodyouaregoingtotakeaquizonattributiveclause.

Choosethebestanswer:

1.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.whatB.which C.that D.it

2.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.

A.whichB.whereC.that D.when

3.Thehouse______weliveisnotlarge.
A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.atwhich

4.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.

A.whichprice C.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

5.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.

A.this B.which C.atwhichD.some

6.Iwillneverforgettheday_____hecametoseeme.

A.that B.which C.atwhich D.when

7.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicture_____standsthefamoustower.

Athat B.where C.which D.there

8.Thestudents____departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.

A.inwhich B.inthat C.inwhose D.whose

9.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.

A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich

10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._______Igotwetthrough.

A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’showPeriod3:AsamplelessonplanforUsingLanguage

(THERESTOFELIAS’STORY)

Aims

TohelpstudentsreadthepassageTHERESTOFELIAS’STORY

Tohelpstudentstousethelanguagebyreading,listening,speakingandwriting

Procedures

I.Warmingupandlistening

SofarwehavereadastoryaboutElias.Doyourememberwhyitwasdifficultforhimtogetajob?(becausehehadn’tapassbook)whatisapassbook?Whyisitimportant?Let’slistentoashortpassageandfindout.

Turntopage37.Readthequestionsandchoosethebestanswerafterlistening.

DiscussthequestionsinEx.2.

II.Guidedreading

1.Readingandansweringquestions

Asweknow,inordertosupportMandela,Eliashelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Canyouimaginewhatwouldhappentohimifhewascaught?Actually,hewascaughtandputintoaprisononRobbenIsland.However,hewasluckyenoughtogethelpfromMandelaevenwhenhewasinprison.

TurntoPage38,readthepassagequicklyandfindout:

HowdidMandelahelpedEliaswhenhewasonRobbenIsland

HowdidMandelahelpEliasafterhecametopower?

2.Readinganddoingexercises

ReadthepassageagainanddotheexerciseonPage38.

3.Task(atextdialogue)

NowwehavefinishedthestoryaboutElias.Nextwearegoingtodoagroupactivity.Wewilldoitingroupsoffour.SupposeoneofyouisEliasandworksasatourguideonRobbenIsland.TheotherthreeofyouaretouristswhoareveryinterestedintheislandandMandela’slifeandaskingthetourguidethefollowingquestions.Eliasmustanswerthem.

Tourist:HowdidyougettoknowNelsonMandela?

Elias:Itwasin1950.IwasworkingasaminerinJohannesburgbutIhadn’tapassbooktolivethere.SoIwenttoMandela’slawfirmtoaskforadvice.

Tourist:CanyouexplaintomesomeofNelsonMandela’spoliticalideasorbeliefs?

Elias:Yes.Hefoundthatweblackpeoplewerenottreatedasequallyasthewhitepeopleandhewouldfightforourrights.However,hesaidthatweshouldfightinapeacefulway.Onlywhenthiswasnotalloweddidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

Tourist:Howdidhehelpyouthroughyourlife?

Elias:First,hehelpedmetogetthecorrectpaperstostayinJohannesburgandkeepmyjobasImentionedabove.ThenhetaughtmetoreadandwritewhenIwasinprison.Thisisveryimportanttomebecauseitenablesmetogetmorejobopportunities.Laterhegavememypresentjob.

Tourist:WhatwaslifelikeonRobbenIsland?

Elias:Miserableandcruel.Theguardsandsoldierstreatedusbadly,beatusviolentlyfornoreasonsandinsultedusindifferentways.

Tourist:HowdidyoumanagetostudyonRobbenIsland?

Elias:Westudiedduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhaveasleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindtomakecandlestoseethewords.

Tourist:Whatkindsofjobhaveyoueverdone?

Elias:Aminer,anofficeworkerandnowatourguide.

Tourist:Whatdoyouthinkofyourpresentjob?

Elias:Ilikeitverymuch.AndIamproudtoshowvisitorsovertheprison,forIhelpedtomakeourpeoplefreeinourownland.

III.Guidedwriting

1.Preparationforwriting

ImaginenowMrMandelaisinprison.YouaregoingtowritealettertothePresidentofSouthAfricaaskinghimtofreeNelsonMandela.Doyouremembertheformatofaletter?Whatshouldbethemaincontentofthisletter?(ThereasonsforfreeingMandela)Howwouldyoutrytopersuadethepresident?(Youmustmakeyourreasonspersuasive.)

2.WritingaletterReadtheinformationaboutMandela.Discusswithyourpartnerandcollectideasfortheletter

Writerdowntheideasandputthemintoagoodandlogicalorder.

Writetheletter.

IV.Furtherapplying

1.Findinginformation

GotothelibrarytoreadorgetonlinetosearchformoreinformationonNelsonMandela.Takenotesofyourfindinganddoanoralpresentationnextperiod.

2.Writingadescription

WriteadescriptionofNelsonMandelausingtheinformationyouhavefound.

V.Closingdownbysharing

Shareyourletterwithyourpartnersandmakenecessarychanges.

Shareyourletterwiththeclassbyreadingitaloud.

Part2:Teachingresources(第二部分:教学资源)

Section1:AtextstructureanalysisofELIAS’STORY

I.Typeofwritingandsummaryoftheidea

Typeofwriting

Thisisapieceofnarrativewriting.

Mainideaofthepassage

EliasdescribeshowNelsonMandelahelpedtheblackpeoplethroughhisownexperience

Topicsentenceof1stparagraph

ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.

Topicsentenceof2ndparagraph

SadlyIdidnothavethispassbookbecauseIwasnotbornthereandIwasworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbeoutofwork.

Topicsentenceof3rdparagraph

ThedaywhenNelsonMandelatoldmewhattodoandhelpedmewasoneofthehappiestdayofmylife.

Topicsentenceof4thparagraph

Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogressuntiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.

Topicsentenceof5thparagraph

Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed…onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

II.Atreediagram

(withkeywordsofeachparagraphplacedineachbox)

Elias’lifebeforemeetingMandela

Elias’lifeaftermeetingMandela

informationofElias

Elias’sproblem

Mandela’shelp

blackpeople’sproblems

supporttoMandela

blackworkerdifficultperiodlawfirm

sixleavenotpaygoldminepassbookworriedabout

Elias’story

tellhelpcorrectpapersforgetjoin

norightsvotelivejobpoorestareasnotgrowfood

positionacceptfightpeacefullyblowupputinprisonrealizeequal


III.Aretoldpassageofthetext

EliasisablackworkerinSouthAfrica.Hisfamilywassopoorthathehadtodropoutofschoolattheageofeight.Lateron,hewasabletoworkasagoldminerinJohannesburg.Butashehadn’tgotapassbookwhichwasrequiredifonewantedtoliveinJohannesburg.Hewasworriedaboutbeingdismissed.However,hewasluckyenoughtogetsomehelpfromNelsonMandelaandmanagedtogetthecorrectpapers.Afterthat,hebegantoknowmoreMandelaandhispoliticalideas.HeagreedwithMandela’sviewsontheunfairlawsagainsttheblackpeopleandhisideaaboutpeacefulfighting.HealsoknewthatallMandelawantedtodowastofightforequalrightsfortheblackpeople.Sohesupportedhimheartandsoul.

Section2:BackgroundinformationonNelsonMandelaandothers

I.NelsonMandela

NelsonRolihlahlaMandela,(born18July1918),beforebecomingPresidentofSouthAfrica,wasoneofitschiefanti-apartheidactivists,andwasalsoananti-apartheidsaboteur.Heisnowalmostuniversallyconsideredtobeaheroicfreedomfighter.HespenthischildhoodintheThembuchiefdombeforeembarkingonacareerinlaw.

ThenameMadibaisanhonorarytitleadoptedbyoldermalemembersofMandelasclan;however,inSouthAfricathetitleissynonymouswithNelsonMandela.

II.CourtroomquotesbyNelsonMandela

“IhavefoughtagainstwhitedominationandIhavefoughtagainstblackdomination.Ihavecherishedtheidealofademocraticandfreesocietyinwhichallpersonslivetogetherinharmonyandwithequalopportunities.ItisanidealwhichIhopetoliveforandtoachieve.Butifneedsbe,itisanidealforwhichIampreparedtodie.”

“WhyisitthatinthiscourtroomIamfacingawhitemagistrate,confrontedbyawhiteprosecutor,escortedbywhiteorderlies?Cananybodyhonestlyandseriouslysuggestthatinthistypeofatmospherethescalesofjusticeareevenlybalanced?WhyisitthatnoAfricaninthehistoryofthiscountryhaseverhadthehonorofbeingtriedbyhisownkind,byhisownfleshandblood?...Iamablackmaninawhiteman’scourt.Thisshouldnotbe.”(Finlayson84).

“Outoftheexperienceofanextraordinaryhumandisasterthatlastedtoolong,mustbebornasocietyofwhichallhumanitywillbeproud...Wehave,atlast,achievedourpoliticalemancipation.Wepledgeourselvestoliberateallourpeoplefromthecontinuingbondageofpoverty,deprivation,suffering,gender,andotherdiscrimination.Never,never,andneveragainshallitbethatthisbeautifullandwillagainexperiencetheoppressionofonebyanother...Thesunshallneversetonsogloriousahumanachievement.”

III.ANCandANCYouthLeague

TheANCisanationalliberationmovement.Itwasformedin1912tounitetheAfricanpeopleandspearheadthestruggleforfundamentalpolitical,socialandeconomicchange.ForninedecadestheANChasledthestruggleagainstracismandoppression,organisingmassstudentsresistance,mobilisingtheinternationalcommunityandtakingupthearmedstruggleagainstapartheid.MembershipoftheANCisopentoallSouthAfricansabovetheageof18years,irrespectiveofrace,colourandcreed,whoacceptitsprinciples,policiesandprogrammes.

TheANCYouthLeaguewasfoundedin1944.Theleaguepropagated“Africanism”anditsmottowas“Africa’scausemusttriumph.”Itwasradicalandmilitant.Themembersofitrejectedtheideaof“foreign”leadershipandarguedthatblackAfricansmustprovidetheirownleadershipandrelyuponthemselves.

Section3:Wordsandexpressions

I.Wordsforwarmingup

quality

n.somethingtypicalofapersonormaterial:Kindnessishisbestquality.Sheshowsqualitiesofleadership.

willing

adj.ready(todosth.):Areyouwillingtohelp?

active

adj.ableorreadytotakeaction:Althoughheisover70;heisstillactive.Anactivememberoftheclubissuretoattendeverymeeting.

loseheart灰心,丧失信心Iusedtoworkinthegardeneveryweek.ButIlostheartwhenalltheplantsdied.Don’tloseheart;youstillhavemorechances.

loseone’sheart爱上,喜欢上Shelostherhearttohimassoonasshesawthehandsomesoldier.

troublen.麻烦:introuble有麻烦,处于困境中;getintotrouble陷入困境;maketrouble制造麻烦;askfortrouble自找麻烦;havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难

II.WordsforReading

advise

v.totellwhatonethinksshouldbedone:advisesth.;advisedoingsth.;advisesb.todosth.;advisethatsb.(should)dosth.;Iadvisewaitinguntiltheteachercomes.Thedoctoradvisedaweek’srest/takingaweek’srest.Iadvised(him)thatheshouldtakearest.Iadvisedhimnottodrive/againstdriving.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?

advice

n.opiniongivenbyonepersontoanotheronhowthatothershouldbehaveoract:givesomeadvicetosb.;fivesb.someadvice;followsb’sadvice

continue

vivt.goon:continuetodosth/doingsth;continue(with)sth.;goondoingsth./withsth./todosth.Thesportsmeetcontinuedfor3days.Hecontinuedtostudy/studyingasifnothinghadhappened.Wemustcontinueourjourneyuntilwefindwater.

worry

n.v.tobeormakeanxious:worrysb.,worryabout…;bbeworriedabout…;Youdon’thavetoworryaboutyourhealthifyoukeepabalanceddiet.Ourparentsmustbeworryingbecausewearecomingbacklate.Hersickstudentsworriedme.Whathesaidaddedtoherworries.

stage

n.aperiodainacourseofevents;theraisedflooronwhichplaysareperformedinatheater:stagedirection;stagedirector;putsb.onthestage;atanearlystageinourhistory

vote

v.n.toexpressone’schoiceofficiallyfromamongthepossibilitiesoffered;anactofmakingachoiceordecisiononamatterbymeansofvoting:votefor/againstsb.MoststudentsvotedforJimastheythoughthimcapableandhonest.Mostpeoplevotedagainsttheformerleaderbecauseofrumorabouthim.IgavemyvotetoLiGao.Thenewleaderwaselectedthroughasecretvote.

position

n.theplacewheresomeoneorsomethingisorshouldbe;aparticularplaceorrankinagroup:WhatIknowabouthimwasthatheisinahighpositioninthecompany.Canyoutellmethepositionofyourcityonthemap?

accept

v.totakesomethingofferedwillingly

receive

v.toget:IreceivedsomerosesfromJackonValentines’DaybutIdidn’tacceptthem.Haveyouacceptedthejobtheyofferedyou?Hereceivedmanypresentsonhisbirthday.

violence

n.useifbodilyforcetohurtorharm;verygreatforceinactionorfeeling

violent

adj.Violenceinthemediahasinfluencedteenagersalot.

asamatteroffact:infact;actually:Asamatteroffact,hediscoverthetruthquitebyaccident.Asamatteroffact,IfeltextremelynervouswhenIwasgivingthespeech.

blow

v.blowup:blowupthebuilding/bridge/dam;blowupthetire;blowoff;blowout

prison

n.aplacewherecriminalsarekeptlockedupasapunishment

prisoner

n.apersonkeptinaprisonforsomecrimeorwhilewaitingtobetired.

putinprison:Ifyoucontinuedoingthosekindsofthings,youwillendupinprison.Theywereputinprisonforblowingupthegovernmentbuilding.

equal

adj.thesameinsize;number;value;rank;etc.;havingenoughstrength;ability;etc.:Allmenwerebornequal.Cutthecakesintothreeequalpieces.Womendemandequalpayforequalwork.Billisequaltothejobofrunningtheoffice.n.personwhoisequal(toanotherortooneself):Theteacherispopularbecausehetreatsthechildrenashisequals.

III.WordsforUsingLanguage

imagine

v.toform(apictureoridea)inmind:imaginesth.;imaginedoingsth.;imaginesb.doingsth.;imaginethat…;Canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricity?IcannotimagineLilycookingdinnerfortwentypeople?YoucannotimaginewhatlifewaslikeonRobbenIsland.

power

n.politicalpower;superpower;cometo/intopower;inpower

terror

n.(terribleadj.terroristn.terrorismn.)Shetrembledwithterrorwhenthethiefpointedaknifeather.Shescreamedwithterroronhearingtheexplosion.Themurdercasewasaterrortoeverybodyinthesmalltown.

fear

n.vthefeelingthatonehaswhendangerisnear;tobeafraid:fearsth;feartodosth;fearthat…;forfearthat…;forfearof

escape

v.n.findawayout;getout;theactofescaping:anarrowescape;fireescape;escapedeathpunishment/beingpunished;escapefromprison/reality;escapeoutofaburningbuilding.Thebirdhasescapedfromthecage.Thebirdhasescapedbeingshot.

degree

n.HepassedtheexamandfinallygothisMaster’sdegree.Thetemperaturetodayistwodegreeshotterthanyesterday.

reward

n.(sth.givenorgainedas)returnforworkorservice:Thepoliceareofferingarewardforinformationabouttherobbery.v.togivearewardtHerewardedtheboyforbringbackthedog.

sentence

n.apunishmentforacriminalfoundguiltyincourt:Thesentencewastenyearsinprison.aheavysentence;alifesentence;underthesentenceofdeath;serveone’ssentencev.togiveapunishmenttHewassentencedtothreeyearsinprison.besentencedtodeath;besentencedforthief

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