Module5Problems
教材内容分析
在第四模块中学生已经学了“if条件状语从句+祈使句”的句式,本模块通过以提出问题的形式以及为问题提供解决问题的建议的方式来继续学习条件状语从句,即“if条件状语从句+一般将来时态”。运用真实的话题来开展听说读写的教学活动。教学内容为语法的学习和使用提供了必要的感性材料。要求学生能够用含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句来描述问题以及提供解决问题的建议。一、教学目标
1、语言技能目标
(1)能够听懂对问题的陈述。
(2)能够复述对问题的描述。
(3)能够读懂有关描述问题的文章,掌握文章的大意。
(4)能够结合例文进行对problems和advice的写作。
2、语言知识目标
(1)能够正确使用下列单词chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam,truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend,shelf,steal
(2)能够正确使用下列词组beableto,alltogether,attheendof,takeoff,atleast,pocketmoney,afterall,helpsb.withsth.,hurryup
(3)能够正确使用含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句
3、情感态度目标
通过本模块的学习来教育学生要做一个诚实的人。
二、教学重点与难点
1、教学重点
(1)重点词汇:chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam,truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend,shelf,steal
(2)重点句型:
IfIplaywell,I’llplaythesolo.
IftheteacherchoosesKylie,she’llplaythedancemusic.
Ifshebecomesastar,herparentswon’tsendheraway.
(3)话题:Problems
2、教学难点:
(1)if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态
(2)问题的描述以及建议的提供
三、课时安排
第一课时Unit1
第二课时Unit2Activities1,23
第三课时Unit2Writing;Unit3Activities6,7,10,1112
第四课时Unit3Unit3Activities1,2,3,4,5,8,9,Aroundtheworld,workbook
四、教学过程设计
Period1
教学内容:Unit1Activities1,2,3,4,5,67
词汇:chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam
句型:if条件状语从句+一般将来时态
Step1Lead-in
Ask:1)What’syourhobby?2)Doyoulikedancing?
3)Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutit?
4)Wouldtheylikeyoutospendtimedancing?
Say:NowletmetellyousomethingaboutagirlcalledLucy.Sheisaschoolgirl.
Shelikesdancingverymuch.Yesterdayshehadachancetodanceatabig
partybutsherefuseditbecauseherparentshadwarnedherabouther
schoolwork.Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunish
her….
教师边说边把生词打在屏幕上,用这种方法来导入本课中出现的词汇,可以让学生猜猜这些词汇的意思,然后再在屏幕上打出这些词汇的词性以及中文意思。并引出本课句型Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunishher.(板书)
Step2Listening(Activities12)
SoLucyhasaproblem.Doyouknowwhatproblemshehas?
(Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunishher.)
1.Tonyhasaproblem,too.Nowlet’slistenanddecidewhattheproblemis.(Playthetape.)
2.Nowanswerthequestions.Usethewordsintheboxtohelpyou.
(booksopen).Thenlistenagainandcheck.
Step3Listenandread(Activities3,45)
HereisaconversationbetweenBettyandSally.They’retalkingabouttheirfriendKylie.Kyliealsohasaproblem.Listencarefullyandtrytotelluswhatproblemshehas.(booksclosed)
这环节如果学生有困难,可以让他们小组讨论,然后给出答案。
LookatPage35.Listenandcompletethetable.Checktheanswers.
总结if句型,即if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态。
LookatPage34.Readtheconversation.ThendoActivity5.
Step4LanguagePointsandEverydayEnglish
把本单元的languagepoints和EverydayEnglish打在屏幕上,朗读后让同桌学生用其中的三到四个编一小对话,在全班同学前表演。
(Activity6中的四个句子穿插到Activity3的对话朗读时进行。)
Homework
Writeouttheproblemsyouhavewithyourparents,friends,schoolwork,sportsorhobbies.
Describetheproblemandtalkaboutsolution.
Eg.MyteachersaysthatifIdon’tworkharder,Iwon’tdowellinmyexams.Period2
教学内容:Unit2Activities1,23
词汇:truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend
阅读:读懂描述问题的文章,掌握文章的大意。学习如何呈现问题以及针对问题所提出的解决问题的建议,为下一节写作课做好铺垫。Step1Revision
1Greetings
Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterdayevening?
Whatdidyoudoyesterdayevening?
HaveyoufinishedyourEnglishhomework?
2Asurvey
Askstudentstomakeasurvey.Talkabouttheproblemstheyhavewiththeirparents,friends,schoolwork,sportsorhobbies,etc.Thencompletethefollowingquestionnaire.
---Doyouhaveaproblemwithyourteacher?
---Yes,Ido.MyteachersaysthatifIdon’tworkharder,Iwon’tdowellinmyexams.
(这一环节既检查了上一堂课布置的作业,又是一个热身活动。也可以通过师生间对话的方式进行此项活动,并在活动时导入本单元的词汇。)
Step2Pre-reading
Doyouworkhardatyourlessons?Doyoulikecomputergames?Whatdoyourparentssayaboutcomputergames?
Askthestudentstoworkingroupsoffouranddiscussthesequestions.
Step3Reading(Activities1,23)
1.Globalreading
Studentsreadtheletterandtheanswer.Choosetheproblemandtheadvice.Theycanalsodiscusswiththeirpartners.Theymusttrytogivethereasons.
(要求学生说明选择的依据,目的是帮助学生分析细节与整体的差别,关注学生阅读策略的培养。)
2.Detailedreading
StudentsreadtheletterandtheansweragainandfinishActivity23.(Firststudentsdothembythemselves,thensharetheanswerswiththeirpartners.)
(本环节所涉及的不只是细节的理解与判断,同时还有归纳、推理和逻辑。因此,在次此环节中,要求学生先独立思考,完成练习;然后分享讨论结果,总结阅读技巧和规律。)
3.Problemsolving
Studentsworkingroupsoffouragain,trytofinddifficultiesanddiscusstogether.Ifthereareanyproblems,theymayasktheteacherforhelp.Atlastsharetheirworkwiththewholeclass.
(这个环节是为了帮助学生提高学习的主动性,学会自主学习的方法,逐渐形成比较完善的阅读学习策略。)
Step4Discussion
Ifthecomputergamedoesn’tleaveavirusonthecomputer,whatdoyouthinkStevewilldo?Doyouthinkheisright?
(通过这一环节的讨论,培养学生诚实做人,勇于承认错误,有错就改的优良品质。)
Step4Homework
FinishWorkbookExx1011
Period3
教学内容:Unit2Writing;Unit3Activity6,7,10,1112
词汇:hurryup,dishonest,shelf,steal
Step1Revision(Activity4)
Stevehasaproblem.Doyourememberwhatproblemhehas?
Nowpleasesay:1)whatStevedidandwhen.
2)whattheproblemis
3)whathappenednext
4)whatSteveshoulddo
Nowwritetheanswersdown.
Thensharetheanswerswithyourpartner,correctthemistakesyourpartnerhasmade.
Asksomestudentstosharetheiranswerswiththewholeclass.
Step2Writing(Activities56)
Thinkofoneproblem.WriteashortlettertoDianadescribingtheproblem.UsethestagesinActivity4tohelpyou.
Workinpairs.Readeachother’sproblemlettersandwriteareply,givingyouradvice.
Step3Readingandwriting(Unit3Activities67)
Workinpairs.Readtheproblems,anddiscussadviceforeachproblem,thengiveadvice.
Step4Task
Workinpairs.Thinkofandwriteaproblem.
Workingroups.Readyourproblemtothegroup.Discussadviceforeachproblem.Decidewhoisgoingtowritetheadviceforeachproblem.
本堂课的设计有两个步骤。第一步是句子的写作,第二步是语篇的写作。第一步为第二步作好准备,这种递进的方式对于英语基础不好的学生尤为有用。在基本掌握了含有if的条件句的复合句的用法后,通过写作,能够将所学知识进一步巩固和强化。
Homework
Puttheproblemsandtheadviceonaposter.
(这部分的作业可以在第二天收起来后,在班里展示。)
Period4
教学内容:Unit3Activities1,2,3,4,5,8,9,Aroundtheworld,workbook
Step1Grammarpractice
IfIplaywell,I’llplaythesolo.
IftheteacherchoosesKylie,she’llplaythedancemusic.
Ifshebecomesastar,herparentswon’tsendheraway.
Activity1Studentscandiscussthesethreesentencesinpairs.Thensharethemwithwholeclass.
Activities23Studentsfinishthesetwoactivitiesalone.Checkthemwiththeirpartners.
本活动主要让学生熟练掌握“if条件状语从句+一般将来时态”的句式,也可以把这种句式与“if条件状语从句+祈使句”同时训练,进行比较,以达到不断巩固和复习本模块的重点和难点的目的。
Step2Vocabulary
Activity4Studentsfinishitalone.Thenacttheconversationinpairsinfrontoftheclass.
Activity5Studentsfinishitalone.Thencheckitwiththeirpartners.
本活动通过说和写的语言输出训练,使学生能够进一步巩固单词,培养学生的语篇意识。在活动中培养学生的分析能力和逻辑思维能力。
Step3Listening
此活动为听力训练。
Activities89
Step4Workbook
Finishworkbookexercises.
Homework
FinishworkbookExx89
老师会对课本中的主要教学内容整理到教案课件中,大家在认真写教案课件了。只有制定教案课件工作计划,可以更好完成工作任务!你们了解多少教案课件范文呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“外研版八年级英语下册Module5Problems教案”,供您参考,希望能够帮助到大家。
外研版八年级英语下册Module5Problems教案
一、教材内容分析
在第四模块中学生已经学了“if条件状语从句+祈使句”的句式,本模块通过以提出问题以及为问题提供解决问题的建议的方式来继续学习条件状语从句,即“if条件状语从句+一般将来时态”。运用真实的话题来开展听说读写的教学活动。教学内容为语法的学习和使用提供了必要的感性材料。要求学生能够用含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句来描述问题以及提供解决问题的建议。
二、教学目标
1、语言技能目标
(1)能够听懂对问题的陈述。
(2)能够复述对问题的描述。
(3)能够读懂有关描述问题的文章,掌握文章的大意。
(4)能够结合例文进行对problems和advice的写作。
2、语言知识目标
(1)能够正确使用下列单词chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam,truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend,shelf,steal
(2)能够正确使用下列词组beableto,alltogether,attheendof,takeoff,atleast,pocketmoney,afterall,helpsb.withsth.,hurryup
(3)能够正确使用含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句
3、情感态度目标
通过本模块的学习来教育学生要做一个诚实的人。
三、教学重点与难点
1、教学重点
(1)重点词汇:chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam,truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend,shelf,steal
(2)重点句型:
IfIplaywell,I’llplaythesolo.
IftheteacherchoosesKylie,she’llplaythedancemusic.
Ifshebecomesastar,herparentswon’tsendheraway.
(3)话题:Problems
2、教学难点:
(1)if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态
(2)问题的描述以及建议的提供
四、课时安排
第一课时Unit1
第二课时Unit2Activities1,23
第三课时Unit2Writing;Unit3Activities6,7,10,1112
第四课时Unit3Activities1,2,3,4,5,8,9,Aroundtheworld,workbook
五、教学过程设计
Period1
教学内容:Unit1Activities1,2,3,4,5,67
词汇:chance,beat,shame,pity,refuse,warn,rather,final,practice,punish,such,exam
句型:if条件状语从句+一般将来时态
Step1Lead-in
Ask:1)What’syourhobby?2)Doyoulikedancing?
3)Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutit?
4)Wouldtheylikeyoutospendtimedancing?
Say:NowletmetellyousomethingaboutagirlcalledLucy.Sheisaschoolgirl.
Shelikesdancingverymuch.Yesterdayshehadachancetodanceatabig
partybutsherefuseditbecauseherparentshadwarnedherabouther
schoolwork.Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunish
her….
教师边说边把生词打在屏幕上,用这种方法来导入本课中出现的词汇,可以让学生猜猜这些词汇的意思,然后再在屏幕上打出这些词汇的词性以及中文意思。并引出本课句型Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunishher.(板书)
Step2Listening(Activities12)
SoLucyhasaproblem.Doyouknowwhatproblemshehas?
(Ifshespendstoomuchtimeindancing,herparentswillpunishher.)
1.Tonyhasaproblem,too.Nowlet’slistenanddecidewhattheproblemis.(Playthetape.)
2.Nowanswerthequestions.Usethewordsintheboxtohelpyou.
(booksopen).Thenlistenagainandcheck.
Step3Listenandread(Activities3,45)
HereisaconversationbetweenBettyandSally.They’retalkingabouttheirfriendKylie.Kyliealsohasaproblem.Listencarefullyandtrytotelluswhatproblemshehas.(booksclosed)
这环节如果学生有困难,可以让他们小组讨论,然后给出答案。
LookatPage35.Listenandcompletethetable.Checktheanswers.
总结if句型,即if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态。
LookatPage34.Readtheconversation.ThendoActivity5.
Step4LanguagePointsandEverydayEnglish
把本单元的languagepoints和EverydayEnglish打在屏幕上,朗读后让同桌学生用其中的三到四个编一小对话,在全班同学前表演。
(Activity6中的四个句子穿插到Activity3的对话朗读时进行。)
Homework
Writeouttheproblemsyouhavewithyourparents,friends,schoolwork,sportsorhobbies.
Describetheproblemandtalkaboutsolution.
Eg.MyteachersaysthatifIdon’tworkharder,Iwon’tdowellinmyexams.
Period2
教学内容:Unit2Activities1,23
词汇:truth,prove,honest,onto,terrible,realize,virus,mend
阅读:读懂描述问题的文章,掌握文章的大意。学习如何呈现问题以及针对问题所提出的解决问题的建议,为下一节写作课做好铺垫。
Step1Revision
1Greetings
Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterdayevening?
Whatdidyoudoyesterdayevening?
HaveyoufinishedyourEnglishhomework?
2Talk
Askstudentstotalkabouttheproblemstheyhavewiththeirparents,friends,schoolwork,sportsorhobbieswiththeirpartners.Thencompletethefollowingquestionnaire.
---Doyouhaveaproblemwithyourteacher?
---Yes,Ido.MyteachersaysthatifIdon’tworkharder,Iwon’tdowellinmyexams.(课件)
(这一环节既检查了上一堂课布置的作业,又是一个热身活动。也可以通过师生间对话的方式进行此项活动,并在活动时导入本单元的词汇。)
Step2Pre-reading
Doyouworkhardatyourlessons?Doyoulikecomputergames?Whatdoyourparentssayaboutcomputergames?
Askthestudentstoworkingroupsoffouranddiscussthesequestions.
Thenreport.
Step3Reading(Activities1,23)
1.Globalreading
Studentsreadtheletterandtheanswer.Choosetheproblemandtheadvice.Theycanalsodiscusswiththeirpartners.Theymusttrytogivethereasons.
(要求学生说明选择的依据,目的是帮助学生分析细节与整体的差别,关注学生阅读策略的培养。)
2.Detailedreading
StudentsreadtheletterandtheansweragainandfinishActivity23.(Firststudentsdothembythemselves,thensharetheanswerswiththeirpartners.)
(本环节所涉及的不只是细节的理解与判断,同时还有归纳、推理和逻辑。因此,在次此环节中,要求学生先独立思考,完成练习;然后分享讨论结果,总结阅读技巧和规律。)
3.Problemsolving
Studentsworkingroupsoffouragain,trytofinddifficultiesanddiscusstogether.Ifthereareanyproblems,theymayasktheteacherforhelp.Atlastsharetheirworkwiththewholeclass.(课件)
(这个环节是为了帮助学生提高学习的主动性,学会自主学习的方法,逐渐形成比较完善的阅读学习策略。)
Step4Discussion
Ifthecomputergamedoesn’tleaveavirusonthecomputer,whatdoyouthinkStevewilldo?Doyouthinkheisright?
(通过这一环节的讨论,培养学生诚实做人,勇于承认错误,有错就改的优良品质。)
Homework
FinishWorkbookExx1011
Period3
教学内容:Unit2Writing;Unit3Activity6,7,10,1112
词汇:hurryup,dishonest,shelf,steal
Step1Revision(Activity4)
Stevehasaproblem.Doyourememberwhatproblemhehas?
Nowpleasesay:1)whatStevedidandwhen.
2)whattheproblemis
3)whathappenednext
4)whatSteveshoulddo
Nowwritetheanswersdown.
Thensharetheanswerswithyourpartner,correctthemistakesyourpartnerhasmade.
Asksomestudentstosharetheiranswerswiththewholeclass.
Step2Writing(Activities56)
Thinkofoneproblem.WriteashortlettertoDianadescribingtheproblem.UsethestagesinActivity4tohelpyou.
Workinpairs.Readeachother’sproblemlettersandwriteareply,givingyouradvice.
(相互修改所写的内容,老师提供帮助。)
Step3Readingandwriting(Unit3Activities67)
Workinpairs.Readtheproblems,anddiscussadviceforeachproblem,thengiveadvice.
Step4Task
Workinpairs.Thinkofandwriteaproblem.
Workingroups.Readyourproblemtothegroup.Discussadviceforeachproblem.Decidewhoisgoingtowritetheadviceforeachproblem.
本堂课的设计有两个步骤。第一步是句子的写作,第二步是语篇的写作。第一步为第二步作好准备,这种递进的方式对于英语基础不好的学生尤为有用。在基本掌握了含有if的条件句的复合句的用法后,通过写作,能够将所学知识进一步巩固和强化。
Homework
Puttheproblemsandtheadviceonaposter.
(这部分的作业可以在第二天收起来后,在班里展示。)
Period4
教学内容:Unit3Activities1,2,3,4,5,8,9,Aroundtheworld,workbook
Step1Grammarpractice
IfIplaywell,I’llplaythesolo.
IftheteacherchoosesKylie,she’llplaythedancemusic.
Ifshebecomesastar,herparentswon’tsendheraway.
(课件:句子结构)
Activity1Studentscandiscussthesethreesentencesinpairs.Thensharethemwithwholeclass.
Activities23Studentsfinishthesetwoactivitiesalone.Checkthemwiththeirpartners.
Makesentenceswith“if”.
本步骤主要让学生熟练掌握“if条件状语从句+一般将来时态”的句式,也可以把这种句式与“if条件状语从句+祈使句”同时训练,进行比较,以达到不断巩固和复习本模块的重点和难点的目的。
Step2Vocabulary
Activity4Studentsfinishitalone.Thenacttheconversationinpairsinfrontoftheclass.
Activity5Studentsfinishitalone.Thencheckitwiththeirpartners.
本活动通过说和写的语言输出训练,使学生能够进一步巩固单词,培养学生的语篇意识。在活动中培养学生的分析能力和逻辑思维能力。
Step3Listening
此活动为听力训练。
Activities89
Step5Aroundtheworld
此部分是为了让学生多了解一些课外知识。
Step4Workbook
Finishworkbookexercises.
Homework
FinishworkbookExx89
IsShanghaianewercitythanHongKong?Step4:.Readandhavethemchecktheiranswerswithapartner
Listentotheunderlinedword.Step5:Listenagainandread.
Step6:Readthisdialogue,findoutwhichsentencesinvolvingthecomparisonoftwocities.
PartIIISummy:.1.Givetheconclusionofthecomparativesandpractise
2.ExplaintheKeyphrasesandpractisePartIVPractice1.Talkaboutthetwocities
2.WorkinpairsandthinkoftwocitiesyouknowinChina.Askandanswerquestions.Usingbig,small,hot,cold,oldornewPartV:Homework
Period2VocabularyandReadingTeachingContent:VocabularyandReadingTeachingAimsandDemands:1.Languageknowledge:Newwords:north,west,river,church,famous,capital,lake,low,mountain,about,near,village,regionKeystructures:befamousforinthesouthofbiggerandbusierthan…ontheRiverThames(重点)2.Readingskill:TogetinformationaboutCambridge,LondonandBritain.3.Affectionandattitudes:Weshouldloveourhometownandcountry.Learningstrategies:Communicativeapproach.TeachingAids:Multi-Media(Taperecorder,video,OHP,handout)TeachingProcedures:PartI:RevisionandPreparation1.Helpstudentstorevisethefourcompasspoints2.ShowthemamapofBritaintodescribethecountrytoknowsomeknowledgeofBritain3.PractisetalkingaboutthecitiesinBritain4.Extendthepositionoftellingthedirection5.TalkaboutthecitesinChinaandpresenttheusageof”inonto”PartII:Presentation
1Matchthewordswiththepictures2.PresentthefamousplacesinEnglandandlearnthewords
3.Chooseatitleforeachphoto4.IntroduceCambridgeandLondon
5.TalkaboutthewestandnorthofLondonandtheislandPartIII:Listening1.Listenandfillintheform2.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions:
3RetellthetextPartIV:Languageuse1.Comparetheothertwocities
2.AnswerquestionsandwritenotesaboutatowninChinaPartV:Homework:
Period3.LanguageinuseTeachingContent:LanguageinuseKeystructures:Abe+adj.-erthanB(重点)TeachingAimsandDemands:1.Tosummarizeandconsolidategrammarfocus.2.Tosummarizeandconsolidateexpressionsandvocabulary.Affectionandattitudes:Weshouldloveourhometownandcountry.Learningstrategies:Formalinstructionandtask-basedapproachandinteractivepractice.TeachingAids:Multi-Media(video,OHP,handout)TeachingProcedures:PartIRevision1.Uesthepicturestorevisethedegreeofcomparatives2.ReviseComparativeFormsofadjectives3.FocustheSs’sattentiononthe4differentwaysinwhichtheyareformed:4.ExtendtheknowledgeofComparativesPartIILanguagepractice1:Tosummarizeandconsolidatetheusageofthestructure:Abe+adj.-erthanB(1).Practicethestructure:Abe+adj.-erthanB(2).AsktheSs.tomakeothersimilarexamples(3).TalkandcompareintherealsituationPartIII:Revisethetextwhatwelearnedinthismodule:1.SaysomethingaboutCambridge
2.readthepoembyXuZhimo
1.SaysomethingaboutLondon
2.Revisethenumbers
3.ConsolidatethepassagewehavelearnedPartIV:PracticeSaysomethingaboutthecitiesinChina
PartV:Homework:
TalkaboutyourhometowninJiaxingandcomparetwocities
Period4:WritingAroundtheworldModuleTaskTeachingContent:WritingAroundtheworldModuleTaskTeachingAimsandDemands:1.Writingskill:Writesentencesaboutthecomparisonof2cities.Improvethestudents’writingability(难点).2.Tosummariseandconsolidate-comparingplacesandcomparativeadjectives.(重点)3.Affectionandattitudes:Weshouldloveourhometownandcountry.LearningstrategiesTop-downandInteractiveapproachanddosomeexercises.TeachingAids:Multi-Media(Taperecorder,video,OHP,handout)TeachingProcedures:PartI:Revision
1.WherearethesecitiesinChina?2.Comparethecitiesandriversusingwhatwehavelearned
3.Introducethetwobridgesandusetheadjectivestocompare
4.Askandanswerquestionsabouttheplaces5.Workinpairsaskandanswerthequestionsabouttheplaces6.CompletethesentencesPartII:Writing1.Writeabouttheanswerstothequestionsinactivity3onpage29individuallyandchecktheiranswerswithafriend.2.Usingthemaptoshowtheanswerandtalkaboutthem3.TalkaboutthetwocitesinUSAPartIII.Aroundtheworld1.Learnsomethingaboutimportantcitiesintheworld.2.ReadthetextandanswerthequestionswementionPartIV:ModuleTaskMakingapostercomparing2citiesorriversinChina.
文章来源://m.jab88.com/j/83982.html
更多