一名优秀的教师在教学方面无论做什么事都有计划和准备，教师要准备好教案为之后的教学做准备。教案可以让学生们有一个良好的课堂环境，帮助教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。那么，你知道教案要怎么写呢？为了让您在使用时更加简单方便，下面是小编整理的“Frighteningnature（TheSecondPeriod）”，供您参考，希望能够帮助到大家。

TheSecondPeriod
TeachingAims:
1.Learntheusefulwordsandexpressions:drawonesattention,athand,callfor,
urge,uponarrival,calmdown,lightup,inapanic,morethan
2.Learnthetext“UndertheVolcano”andmasterthedetailedinformationinit
TeachingImportantPoints:
1.Howtoimprovethestudentsreadingability.
2.Trytomastertheusagesofthenewwordsandexpressionsofthisperiod.
TeachingDifficultPoint:
TheusaGesofsomewordsandexpressions
TeachingMethods:
1.Fast-readingtogetthestudentstograspthemainideaofthetext.
2.Readingcarefullytogetthestudentstomasterthedetailedinformation.
3.Pairworkorgroupworktomakethestudentsbeactiveinclass.
TeachingAids:
1.acomputer
2.ataperecorder
3.aprojector
TeachingProcedures:
StepIGreetingsandRevision
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
T:Inlastperiod,twostudentsdescribedafrighteningsituation.Doyouremember?
Ss:Yes.
T:Whatisitabout?
Ss:Itsaboutacobra.Itisfrightening.
T:Whowillgiveusanotherexample?
SAandSBWewilltry.
(A:Studenta;B:Studentb)
A:Areyouafraidoflightening?
B:Notvery.Whataboutyou?
A:Whenlighteningappears,ImnotfrightenedifImathomeoratschool.ButifIamintheopenair,itisadifferentmatter.
B:Pleasetellusyourexperience,willyou?
A:Yes.ThatwaswhenIwasseven.Welivedinthecountrysidethen,youknow.Oneafternoon,whenIwasinthefieldwithmymother,therewasanincreaseinthewinds.Wehurriedhomebutthatwastoolate.Onourwayhome,thecloudsgatheredandthewindsincreasedtoastorm.Itbecamedarkeranddarker.Suddenlytherewasthunderandlightening.
B:Whatwasitlike?
A:Firstcametheterriblelightening.Itwasverybright.EverythingaroundmeandImyselfappearedtobewhite.Thencamethethunder.Crack!Itseemedthatsomethingexploded.ThatstheterriblesoundIveeverheard.Iwasfrightenedtodeathandthrewmyselfintomymothersarms.Shegotintoatotalpanic.Carryingmeonherback,sheranasfastasshecould.Later,weheardthatthelighteningstruckatalltreeandsomeofthebranchesburnt.
B:Thatsterrible.Imfrightenedtohearthat.
StepIIPre-reading
T:PleaseopenyourbooksatPage75,Pre-reading.ReadtheinformationinPart1andhaveadiscussionwithyourpartner.Thenwellasksomestudentstotalkaboutit.
(Afterafewminutesdiscussion.)
T:Whocantellussomethingaboutthepictures?
Sc:ThisterriblestoryhappenedinItalyintheyear79AD.ThevolcanosnameisVesuvius.Itwasquietforhundredsofyearsandthenitsuddenlyerupted.ThesecondpictureisthevolcanoVesuvius.Inthepictureitwaserupting.
SD:Ithinkthefirstpictureshowsusaterriblesceneafterthevolcanoerupted.Itissaidthatthewholecitywasburiedunderthemetresofhotashandmud,and3000peoplewerekilled.Butsince1914,therehasnotbeenanydamage.
SE:Inthethirdpicture,wecanseetherelicsofthatcity.Ifwasexcavateda
longtimeagoandnowitisanaturalculturalrelics.Peoplecangotosee
therelicsofthetowns.PompeiiandHerculaneum,andevengotothetopofthevolcanotovisitit.
T:Doyouknowwhichcountryhasthemostvolcanoes?
SF:PerhapsJapan.
T:Doyouknowwhatmakesvolcano?
Whocantellussomethingaboutit?
SG:Illtry.Asweknow,theinsideoftheearthisvery,veryhot.There,therock
hasbecomeliquid,anditisalwaysboiling.Thehotmeltedrockalwaystriestogetout,liketheboilingwaterandthesteam.Insomeplacesthehardshelloftheearthisweakandthin.Itwillburstthrough.Somevolcanoescanbequietforsomeyears,evenhundredsofyears.
StepIIIReading
T:Quiteright.Someofthestudentsknowquitealot.Weshouldlearnfromthem.Nowreadthetextfastandfindtheanswerstothequestionsonthescreen.WriteyouranswersonapieceofpaperandIllcollectthefirstfivepieces.
(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)
Scanthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatisdescribedinthefollowingpassage?
Whathappened?
2.Whenandwheredidithappen?
3.Whoisthewriteroftheletter
T:(Afewminuteslater.)Haveyoufinished?Thosewhohavefinished,handinyouranswerpieces,please.(Teachercollectsthefirstfivepieces.)Whowillanswerthequestions?Volunteers?
Sa:I11answerQuestion1.Inthepassage,thewriterdescribeshowhisuncledied.Whenthevolcanowaserupting.
Sb:Question2.IthappenedneartheMountVeruvinsonthe24thofAugustin79AD.
Sc:Question3.ThewriteroftheletterisPlinysnephew.
T:(Showthescreen.)Verygood.Pleasereadthetextagainanddiscussthequestionsonthescreenwithyourpartner.Afewminuteslater,Illasksomestudentstogiveustheiranswers.
Answerthefollowingquestions:
1.Forwhatreasondidthewriterwritetheletter?
2.Whydidthewritersunclegotoseethesight?
3.Whatdidhedoinordertohelptheothercalmdown?
4.Whatdidtheydoinordertobeagainsttheshowerofrock?
5.Whydidtheycarrytorches?
Suggestedanswers:
1.BecauseTacituswaswritingahistorybookandheneededsomethingabouthisunclesdeath.Soheaskedthewritertotellhimsomethingabouthisuncle.
2.Becausehewantedtoseeitfromcloserathand.Later,hereceivedaletterfrom
hisfriendswife,askinghimtorescueher,sohewantedtorescueher.
3.Inordertomakehisfriendcalmdown,heaskedtobetakentothebaths.
4.Theytiedpillowsontopoftheirheadsasprotectionagainsttheshowerof
rock.
5.Becauseitwasdaylightelsewhereintheworld,therethedarknesswasdarkerandthickerthananyright,sotheyarrivedtorchestogivelightwhenthey
wentout.
T:Nowlookatthescreen,please.(Showtilescreen.)Therearesomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthetext.Readthemandpayattentiontotheirusages.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
1.drawonesattention:Heisveryquietanddoesntdrawmuchattentiontohimself.
2.athand:Ihaventmybookathand,butIllshowittoyoulater.Helivescloseathand.
3.callfor:Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.
4.urge:Heurgedmetojointheircompany.
5.uponarrival:Hetelephonedhismotheron/uponhisarrival.
6.calmdown:HetoldTomtocalmdown.
7.in(a)panic:Thecrowdinapanicfledinalldirections.
8.more…than…Heismoremadthanstupid.
StepIVListeningandReadingAloud
T:Letslistentothetape.WhenIplayitforthefirsttime,justlistentoit.
WhenIplayitforthesecondtime,youcanfollowitinalowvoice.Thenread
thetextaloudbyyourselves.Isthatclear?
Ss:Yes.
(Teacherplaysit{ortilestudentstolisten.Thenthestudentsreadthetext.Whiletheyarereading,theteachergoesamongthestudentstocorrecttheirmistakesinpronunciationandintonationifthereareany.)
StepVPost-reading
T:letsgooiltodoPost-reading1,2and4.Readtherequirementscarefullyand
haveadiscussionwithyourpartner.Someminuteslater,wellchecktheanswers.
T:(Afterafewminutes.)Areyouready?Nowexplainwhatthewordsinboldreferto.
S1:“it”inthesecondparagraphrefersto“acloudofunusualsizeandshaperisingfromamountain”.
S2:“theone”inthefifthparagraphrefersto“thewind”.
S3:Inthefifthparagraph,“theother”referstomyunclesfriendPompy.
S4:Inthefifthparagraph“their”refersto“broadsheetsofflame”andinthe
nextline,“they”refersto“scaredpeople”.
T:Nowthefourth.Whocangiveusthreeexamplesthatshowhehadnofear?Onestudent,oneexample.
S5:Illtry.Thefirstisthatduringhistriptohisfriendshome,whichwasatthefootofVesuvius,hewroteareportaboutallheobservedontheway.
S6:ThesecondisthatafterrescuingRectina,hestillwantedtorescuehisfriendPompy.WhenhesawhisfriendPompy,heaskedtobetakentothebathsinordertohelphisfriendclamdown.
S7:Illgivethethirdexample.Afterbathsanddinner,hesaidhewantedto
sleep.WhenbroadsheetsofflamewerelightingupmanypartsofVesuvius,peoplescared,buthetoldthemthattheflamescamefromthehomesoffarmerswhohadleftinapanicwiththekitchenfiresstillon.
T:Aretheyright?
Ss:Yes.
StepVISummaryandHomework
T:Inthisclass,wevelearnedthetext“UndertheVolcano”.Youhavedone
thegoodwork.Afterclass,readthetextagain,andtrytousetheuseful
wordsandexpressionsinyourcommunication.Doyoustillrememberthem?Letsrecallthemtogether.Thefirstoneis:drawonesattention…
(Teacherwritesthemontheblackboard.)
ThendoPart2and3inPost-readingThatsallfortoday.Classisover.
StepVIITheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit10Frighteningnature
TheSecondPeriod
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
drawonesattention,athand,callfor,urge,upon/onarrival,calmdown,inapanic,more…than…
StepVIIIRecordafterTeachinJaB88.COMg

相关阅读

Frighteningnature教案

ReferenceforTeaching
I.异国风情
1.TheGrandCanyon
TheGrandCanyon(大峡谷)isconsideredoneofthesevenwondersofthenatural
world.ItisoneofAmericasmostfamousnationalparks.Visitorstothecanyoncomefromallpartsoftheworld.Officialssayabout5millionpeoplevisittheGrandCanyoneachyear.
Thecanyonextends450kilometers.ButthesurroundingareadoesnotsuggesttheexistenceofsuchalargeopeningintheEarth.Visitorscomeuponthecanyonsuddenly,whentheyreachtheedge.Thentheyarelookingatalandlikenothingelseintheworld.Wallsofrockfallawaysharply.Insomeplaces，thecanyonwallsaremorethanakilometerdeep.Farbelowisthedark,turninglineoftheColoradoRiver(科罗拉多河).Ontheothersideofthecanyon,sunshinelightsuptherockwallsinred,orangeandgold.Thebrightcolorsaretheresultofmineralsintherocks.
Theirappearancechangeswiththelight,thetimeofyearsandtheweather.Atsunset,whenthesunhasmovedacrossthesky,thecanyonwallstakeonquietercolorsofblue,purple(紫色)andgreen.Hundredsofrockypointsrisefromthebottomofthecanyon.Someareverytall.Yetallarebelowthelevelofanobserverontheedge,lookingover.
ThereareseveralwaystoseetheGrandCanyon．Manyvisitorswalkalongpaths
downintothecanyon.Ittakesseveralhourstowalktothebottom,ittakestwotimesaslongtowalkbackup．Somevisitorsridemules(骡子)t0thebottomofthecanyonandback．Mulesarestronganimalsthatlooklikehorses．Theyareknownfortheirabilitytowalkslowlyandsafelyonthepaths．ManypeopleseetheGrandCanyonbyair．Theypayahelicopterorairplanepilottoflythemaboveandaroundthecanyon．OthersseeitfromtheColoradoRiver．Theyrideboatsoverthefastmovingwater．Thesetripscanlastfromoneweektothreeweeks．
AmericasNationalParkServiceisinchargeofprotectingtheGrandCanyonfrom
theeffectsofsomanyvisitors．Visitorsmustcarrya11wastematerialsoutofthearea．Allrocks．historicalobjects，plantsandwildlifemustbeleftuntouched．TheNationalParkServicetellsitsvisitors，“Takeonlyphotographs．Leaveonlyfootprints．”
2．TheBirthofAnIsland
Surtseywasbornin1963．Itwasagreateventforscientists．Theywereluckyenoughtoseethebirthofthisvolcanicisland．Itbeganat7：30a．m．on14thNovember．AfishingboatwassailingnearIceland．Theboatmovedunderthecaptainsfeet．Henoticedastrangesmell．Hesawsomeblacksmoke．Avolcanowaserupting．ThebottomofthegreyAtlanticwasopen．Red—hotrocks，flamesandsmokewererushingupfromasplitinthesea-bed．Theislandgrewquickly．Itwas10metreshighthenextdayand60metreshighon18thNovember．ScientistsflewtoReykjaviktowatch．Itwasveryexciting．Smokeandflameswerestillrushingup．Piecesofred—hotrockwereflyingintotheairandfallingintothesea．Theseawasboilingandtherewasastrangelightinthesky.Surtseygrewandgrew．ThenitstoppedinJune1967．Itwas175metreshighand2kilometreslong．AndlifewasalreadycomingtoSurtsey．
Seedscameoverthesea.Plantsgrew．Birdscame．Somescientistsbuiltahouse．Theywantto1earnaboutthisyoungisland．Anewislandislikeanewworld．
Ⅱ．知识归纳
l.urge的用法
(1)urge常作及物动词，意为：推进，极力主张，强烈要求，催促，劝，激励，怂恿，
强调。
①跟名词
e．g．WeChinesepeoplehavepersistentlyurgedtheequalityofnations。bigorsmall。
我们中国人民一贯坚决主张国无大小应一律平等。
Theyurgeddirectuseoftroopstotrytosuppressthemovement．
他们强烈要求用部队去设法平息运动。
②跟带不定式的复合结构
e．g．HeurgedWuDongtohelphim．
他恳请吴东去帮助他。
Motherurgedmenottotellyouanythingaboutit．
妈妈要求我什么也不要对你说。
③跟从句[从句用虚拟语气：(should+)动词原形]
e．g．Theyurgedthatthelibrarybekeptopenduringthevacation．
他们主张图书馆在假期开放。
Herparentsurgedherthatshe(should)setstrictdemandsonherself．
她父母亲鼓励她要严格要求自己。
④urge后一般不能跟不定式作宾语，只能跟动名词。
e．g．Weallurgedstickingtothefourfundamentalprinciples．
我们大家都主张要坚持四项基本原则。
(2)urge作名词，意为“强烈的愿望(要求)”。
e．g．Hehasanurgetojointhearmy．
他强烈要求参军。
(3)urgefor意为“要求做出”。
e．g．Theyurgedmeforastatementofmyview,．
他们强烈要求我说出我的观点。
2．asthough(=asif)的用法
asthough和asif没有什么区别。asif用得普遍些，却可引导方式状语从句和表语
从句，其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1)引导方式状语从句
e．g．Heclosedhiseyesasthoughheweretootired．
他闭着眼睛，好像太累了。
Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened．
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有动词tobe时，可以把主语和tobe
一起省去。
e．g．Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething．
他四下张望，好像寻找什么。
Hepausedasif(hewas)expectingTomtospeak．
他停了下来好像期望Tom说些什么。
Helistenedasthoughhewasturningtostone．
这孩子一动不动地听着，仿佛变成了石头似的。
(2)引导表语从句
e．g．Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain．
看样子天要下雨了。
ItseemsasifImthefirstonehere．
看起来我是第一个到这里的。
asthough和asif从句用虚拟语气，还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果
从句表示的意思与事实完全相反，或者纯粹是一种假设，通常用虚拟语气。
e．g．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater．itlooksasifitwerebroken．
当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟)
Youlookasifyouarefriends．
你们看起来像朋友似的。
Ⅲ．词语辨析
1．earth，mud，dirt，soil
(1)earth作“泥土；土地”解(=soil)，一般不用冠词。
e．g．Dontforgettocovertherootoftheappletreewithearth．
不要忘记用土把苹果树根埋好。
Thatpileofearthcamefromtheholewedugintheground．
那堆土来自我们在地上挖的那个坑。
(2)mud泥．形容词是muddy。
e．g．Rainturnsdustintomud．
雨把尘土变成了泥。
Hewascleaningthemudfromhisbootswithabrush．
他正用刷子刷他靴子上的泥。
(3)dirt脏东西，污秽。
e．g．Hisclotheswerecoveredwithdirt．
他的衣服满是污秽。
Shewashedthedirtoutoftheclothes．
她洗掉了衣服上的脏东西。
dirt也可作“土”解。
e．g．Thisisgooddirtforgrowingvegetables．
这是好土可以用来种菜。
Thechildrenwereoutsideplayinginthedirt．
孩子们在外面的土里玩耍。
(4)soil土壤，土地。
e．g．Mostplantsgrowbestinrichsoil．
大部分庄稼在肥沃的土地上长得很好。
好的土壤是goodsoil，richsoil；贫瘠的土壤是poorsoil；沙土地是sandysoil．
2．escape，flee，fly，runaway
四个词均有逃跑之意，escape和runaway常作不及物动词，如果是表示“从……
逃去”．在其后加from；flee是及物动词。
(1)escape意为“逃跑，逃避，逃脱”，一般指为躲避不利于自己的环境或事物而离开。
常隐含着紧急，紧迫的意思，常用此词指罪人逃跑或避免惩罚。
e．g．Theprisonershaveescaped．
囚犯已经逃跑了。
Heescapedfromoutoftheburninghouse．
他从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。
escape还可以表示“避免，免除”，其后接名词或动词ing形式。
e．g．Youwereluckytoescapepunishment／beingpunished．
他避免了受罚。
Fieescapeddeath/hisfate．
他幸免一死(他逃脱了厄运)。
(2)flee意为“逃走，逃避，避开”，强调逃的行为，无论其成功与否，是指躲开危害自己或不愿意，不敢接触的事物。含有所做的动作迅速。仓促而情况紧迫的意思。
e．g．Theyallfled(from)theburning
ship．
他们都逃离了着火的船只。
Hekilledhisenemyandfledthecourtry．
他杀死了他的敌人并逃离了那个国家。
(3)runaway意为“逃跑。逃脱”，常用于实际的体力行为，并着重所做的动作是快速
敏捷的，而不强调情况或事情紧急，急迫。
e．g．Shehitthechildandheranaway．
她打那孩子．那孩子跑开了。
Thethiefranawayfromthepoliceman．
小偷从警察手中逃跑了。
“runaway"较口语化；有时可以用“getaway"表示，但"getaway"时常含有“挣脱，摆脱”的意思。
e．g．Hecantgetawaywithit．Somedayhellhavetopaytheprice．
他是逃不脱的，总有一天他会受到报应。
Marytriedtocatchabutterfly，butitgotawayfromher．
玛丽设法捉住了一只蝴蝶，但它挣脱她而飞走了。
(4)fly意为“逃离”，可以用作及物动词或不及物动词。
e．g．Hewasforcedtoflyhishomeland．
他被迫逃离祖国。
Thethiefwasflyingfromjustice．
那个贼还在逍遥法外。
Ⅳ．能力训练
句型转换：根据第一句的意思，把第二句补充完整。
1．Youaskedmetowriteyousomethingaboutthedeathofmyuncle．
Youaskedmeto_________________________________inmyletter．
答案：tellyouhowmyuncledied
2．WeafterwardslearntthatitwasMountVesuvius．
We_____learntthatitwasMountVesuvius．
答案：later
3．ChristmasDayisathand．
Itis_____________________．
答案：almostChristmasDay
4．HishouselayatthefootofVesuvius．
Hishouse________atthefootofVesuvius．
Hishouse______________atthefootofVesuvius
答案：was；waslocated
5．Therewasnowayoutexceptbyboat．
Therewasnowayout________byboat．
答案：besides
6．Successinschoolcallsformuchhardstudy．
Successinschool__________muchhardstudy．
答案：needs
7．Hepausedforamomentwonderingwhethertoturnback．
He________foramomentwonderingwhethertoturnback．
答案：stopped
8．UponarrivalmyunclehuggedPompy．
________arrivalmyunclehuggedPompy．
___________________________hearrived，myunclehuggedPompy．
答案：On；Assoonas
9．Motherwentshopping；meanwhile，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；______________________，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；_____________________,Icleanedthehouse．
答案：meantime；inthemeantime；inthemeanwhile
lO．Theirlightscaredpeople．
Theirlight_________people．
Theirlight_________people．
答案：terrified；frightened

Frighteningnature（TheThirdPeriod）

古人云，工欲善其事，必先利其器。高中教师要准备好教案为之后的教学做准备。教案可以让学生更好的消化课堂内容，帮助高中教师提高自己的教学质量。那么如何写好我们的高中教案呢？下面是小编帮大家编辑的《Frighteningnature（TheThirdPeriod）》，仅供您在工作和学习中参考。

TheThirdPeriod
TeachingAims:
1.Getthestudentstocompleteapassageaccordingtotheinformationgiven.
2.Getthestudentstoreviewtheusageofthepresentparticipleandthepastparticiple.
3.Getthestudentstolearnandmaster
Grammar:Ellipsis.
TeachingImportantPoints:
1.Enablestudentstolearnhowtochoosethepresentparticipleorthepastparticiple.
2.LearnaboutEllipsisofdifferenttypes.
TeachingDifficultPoint:
HowtouseElliipsistomakeasentencebriefandclear.
TeachingMethods:
1.Practisetomakethestudentsmasterwhattheyvelearned.
2.Inductivemethodtogivethestudentsaclearpictureoftheyshouldmaster.
3.Pairworkorgroupworktomakeeverystudentbeactiveinclass.
TeachingAids:
1.acomputer
2.aprojector
TeachingProcedures:
StepIGreetingsandRevision
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
(Teacherandstudentslearnthenewwordsofthisperiodtogether.)
T:Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?
Ss:Yes.
T:Whowillreadhiswordwebstous?
(Teacheraskssomestudentstoread.Atlastteachershowsthefollowingon
thescreen.)

StepIIWordStudy
T:(Showthescreen.)Nowletsdoanexercise.Readthenewsonthescreen
andfillintheblankswiththewordswevelearned.Pairworkorgroupwork.
Completethenews:
TheactivevonMontserratcausedmorethanUS$323000damagetocropsandtheislandswatersystem,thegovernmentsaidThursday.
Theislandwascoveredwithdanda_________asdeepasfourinched.Fruittreesandcropswereseverelydamaged,butnoneofthepeoplewerereportedinjured,officialssaid.Somewildlifehabitatsweredamaged.
ThevolcanoonMontserratsprangtolifein1995.Morethanhalfofthe
populationf______andneverreturneda.Aneruptionin1997killed19
peopleandburiedthecapitalofPlymouth.
Althoughtherewasafeelingofp_________,peopletoldreportersthattheywouldnotleavetheirisland.
OfficialssaidcostsforcleaningupcouldreachUS$188000.TheUNhasu________othercountriestohelp.Britainalreadygave2millionpoundslastaidTuesdays.
Suggestedanswers:
olcano,ust,sh,led,gain,anic,rged
T:Lookatthetwosentencesontheblackboard.
Thisisamovingstory.
Theboyisdeeplymovedbythestory.
Canyoutellmethedifferencebetween“moving”and“moved”,LiHua?
LiHua:Yes.Thepresentparticiple“moving”expressesanactionthathappensaroundthesametimeasthemainverbwithanactivemeaningwhilethepast
participle“moved”expressesanactionthatiscompletedwithanpassivemeaning.AmIright?
T:Yes,quiteright!PleaseopenyourbooksatPage78.LookatEx.2.Read
thesentencesandfillintileblankswiththeproperformsofthewordsin
brackets.Andthencheckyouranswerswithyourpartner.
Suggestedanswers:
1.frightening;frightened
2.upsetting;upset
3.terrified
4.scaring;seared
StepIIIGrammar
T:(Teacherwritesthetwosentencesontheblackboard.)
1.Uponarrival,myunclehuggedPompyand(?)triedtogivehimcourage.
2.Thencameasmellofsulphur,andthen(?)flames.
Lookatthetwosentencesontheblackboard.Theyarebothfromthetext.Readthemanddecidewhichwordswereleftoutateachplaceofthequestionmarks.Pairworkorgroupwork.
(Afewsecondslater.)
SA:Ithinkinthefirstsentencethesubject“heormyuncle”wasleftout.
SB:InthesecondsentenceIthink“came”shouldbeattheplaceofthequestion
mark.
(Teacherwritesthecompletedsentencesontheblackboard.)
T:Youareright.InmodernEnglishthereisatendencytoomitorleaveoutsome
wordsinasentenceforthesakeofconciseness.Thisomissioniscalledellipsis,andasentencecontainingsuchanomissioniscalledanellipticalsentence,Awordorwordsinasentencecanbeomittedonlyonconditionthattheomissionwouldnotcausethesentencetobeunderstoodinmorethanonewayortobeofunclearmeaningorwrong.Wemustkeepinmindthatweshouldnotomitwordsnecessaryforclearness.Areyouclearaboutthat?
Ss:Yes.
StepIVPractice
T:(Teachershowsthescreen.)Herearetensentencesonthescreenandthey
areallcorrect.Workwithyourpartneranddecidewhichwordshavebeenleft
out.
Decidewhichwordshavebeenleftout.
Example:(I)Begyourpardon.
1.Haventseenyouforages.
2.Somemoretea?
3.Soundslikeagoodidea.
4.Doesntmatter.
5.Sorrytohearthat.
6.Pityyoucouldntcome.
7.Thisway,please.
8.Terribleweather!
9.Joiningusforadrink?
10.Goingtothesupermarket?
T:(Afterawhile.)Haveyoufinished?Whowillgiveustheanswers?Onestudent,onesentence.Volunteers?
Suggestedanswers:
1.Ihaventseenyouforages.
2.Wouldyoulikesomemoretea?
3.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.
4.Itdoesntmatter.
5.Imsorrytohearthat.
6.Itsapityyoucouldntcome.
7.Youcomethisway,please.
8.Whatterribleweatheritis!
9.Doyouenjoyjoiningusforadrink?
or:Doyoufeellikejoiningusforadrink?
10.Areyougoingtothesupermarket?
StepVDiscussion
T:(Teachershowsthescreen.)Letsdoanotherexercise.Lookatthescreen.
Someofthewordsinthesentencesonthescreenareunnecessary.Crossthese
wordsout.
Dothefollowingaftertheexample:
Example:Itdidnttakemyunclelongtodecidewhethertogotosavehisfriends
ornottogotosavehisfriends.
1.ShecanholdherbreathlongerthanIcanholdnaybreath.
2.Theydiscussedwhethertheyshouldstayinthehouseortheyshouldtrytheopenair.
3.Theyhadameal,theywentoutforawalkandtheycamebacktosleep.
4.Dontbatheifyoudontwanttobathe.
5.IdontvisitmyparentsasmuchasIoughttovisitmyparents
(Afterawhile.)
Sa:Ithinkinthefirstsentence“holdmybreath”canbeomitted.
Sb:Theword“can”canbeomitted,too.
T:Whoisright?
Ss:Sb.
Sc:Inthesecondsentence,wecanleaveoutthewords“theyshould”.AmIright?
Ss:Yes.
Sd:Inthethirdsentencethesecondandthethirdsubject“they”canheomitted.
Se:Thefourthsentencecanhechangedlikethis:Dontbatheifyoudontwantto.
T:Cantheword“to”beomitted?
Ss:No,itcantbeomitted.
St:Inthefifthsentence,thelastfewwords“visitmyparents”canbeleft
out,cantthey?
Ss:Yes.
T:Youvegraspedthespiritofit.NowopenyourbooksonPage78.Letsdo
Ex.4.Readtherequirementandhaveadiscussionwithyourpartner.
Suggestedanswers:
M:Well,youdontlookatalllikeaseacaptain,sir.
C:Imafraidyoudontlikeverymuchlikeagoverness.Youturnaround,please!
M:Whatdoyoumean?
or:Forwhatdoyouaskmetoturnaround?
C:Youturn!Youtakeyourhatoff!Itsthedress.Youhavetoputonanother
onebeforeyoumeetthechildren.
M:ButIdonthaveanotherone.Iwouldhavemademyselfanewdress,but
therewasnttime.
C:Well,Illseethatyougetsomematerialtoday,ifpossible.1dontknowhow
muchthemotherhastoldyou.
M:Themotherhasnottoldmemuch.
C:Yourethetwelfthinalonglineofgovernesses,whohavecometolookaftermychildrensincetheirmotherdied.Ibelievethatyouwilldobetterthanlastone.Shestayedonlytwohours.
M:Whatswrongwiththechildren,sir?
C:Therewasnothingwrongwiththechildren,onlythegoverness.…
StepVISummaryandHomework
T:InthisperiodwevedonesomeexercisesaboutWordstudy.Andwevelearnedanewgrammaritem:Ellipsis.Indoingthis,wemustrememberthat…(PointingtothesentencesontheBb.)Afterclass,domoreexercisesaboutit.AndthendoEx.5onPage77.NextclassIllasksomestudentstotellthestoryintheirownwords.Thatsallfortoday.Classisover.
StepVIITheDesignoftheWritingontheBlackboard
Unit10Frighteningnature
TheThirdPeriod
Thisisamovingstory.
Theboyisdeeplymovedbythestory.
Grammar:Ellipsis
1.Uponarrival,myunclehuggedPompyand(?)triedtogivehimcourage.
2.Thencameasmellofsulphur,andthen(?)flames.
*1.Uponarrival,myUnclehuggedPompyand(he/myuncle)triedtogivehimcourage,*2.Thencameasmellofsulphur,andthen(came)flames.
StepVIIIRecordafterTeaching

TheSecondPeriod

一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，作为高中教师就要精心准备好合适的教案。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础，帮助高中教师能够井然有序的进行教学。高中教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？下面是小编帮大家编辑的《TheSecondPeriod》，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！

TheSecondPeriod

●从容说课
Thisperiodfocusesonvocabulary，whichislikethebricksweneedtobuildahouse.Withoutmasteringacertainwordsorphrases，wecan’tcommunicatewithotherpeople，correctlyexpressourthoughtsandavoidmisunderstandingeachother.Thepurposeistoletstudentschooseproperwordsorphraseswhentalkingtopeopleaccordingtoknowledgethey’velearned.
●三维目标
1.Knowledge：
words/phrases：upset，ignore，loose，cheat，Netherlands，German，dare，thunder，entirely，feeling，crazy，trust，indoors，calmdown，beconcernedabout，walkthedog，gothrough，hideaway，setdownaseriesof...，onpurpose，facetofacesentencestructures：Therewasatimewhen...，Itwasthefirsttimethat......before...，Iwonderif...
2.Ability：
（1）Usethesewords，phrasesandsentencestructuresfreely.
（2）Usetheminrealsituationsproperly.
3.Emotion：
Trainstudents’perseveranceandpatiencebyrememberingnewwords，phrasesandsentencestructures.
●教学重点
Graspnewwords，phrasesandsentencestructures.
●教学难点
Howtomakethisclasslivelyandinterestingsothatstudentsarewillingtolearn.
●教具准备
aproject，ablackboard
●教学过程
Step1
T：Inthelastperiod，wereadthepassage“Anne’sbestfriend”andhadadiscussionaboutfriendsandfriendship.Alltheseincludesomeusefulandimportantwordsandphrasesyouhavelearntinthisunit.Nowlet’sreviewthem.Iwantyoutomakeupsentencesusingthenewwords.Acompetitionisdesignedforyoutoseewhichgroupcanmakesentencesasmanyaspossible.Accuracyshouldbenoticed.Areyouclear？
Ss：Yes.
1.beconcernedabout
S1：Alargenumberofstudentsareconcernedaboutthemarksintheexaminationforadmissiontocollege.
2.upset
S1：Itwascarelessofyoutoupsetabottleofink.
S2：Wesucceededinupsettingtheenemy’splan.
S3：ThefoodIateyesterdayupsetmystomach.
3.ignore
S1：Westudentsshouldn’tignorewhatourteacherssay.
4.calm
S1：Soldiersremainedcalminfaceofcruelenemies.
5.walkthedog
S1：Ilikewalkingthedogintheparkneartomyhouse.
6.loose
S1：Maryiswearinglooseclothingtoday.
7.cheat
S1：Thatshopkeepercheatshiscustomer.
S2：Don’tyouconsideritwrongtocheatinexaminations？
S3：ThesesheetsI’veboughtareacheat；they’retooshortforthebed.
8.share
S1：Theysharedthecakebetweenthem.
S2：Friendsshouldsharethejoysandsorrows.
S3：SheandReidsharedthesametastesandinterests.
T：Notethephrases：
（1）sharein：Wesharedinthefun.
（2）sharewith：Pleaseshareyournewspaperwithme.
9.feeling
S1：Itwasadelightfulfeeling.
S2：Thisfeelingseemstobenatural.
10.setdown：
S1：Setdownyourheavybagsandtakearest.
S2：Iwillsetdownthestoryasitwastoldtome.
11.outdoors
S1：Isitcoldoutdoors？
S2：Wespendmuchofourtimeoutdoors.
12.crazy
S1：Theyoungarecrazyaboutpopmusic.
13.onpurpose
S1：I’vecomeonpurposetospeaktoyou.
14.dare
S1：Hedarestobehavelikethatinmyhouse!
S2：Howdareyouaskmesuchaquestion？
15.thunder
S1：Afterthelightningcamethethunder.
16.entirely
S1：Hehadalmostentirelyforgottenwhathehaddone.
Step2
T：Whichteamdidthebestinthisactivity？Congratulations!Now，openyourbooks，turntoPage4andlookat“LearningaboutLanguage”.Fillintheblankswiththewordsandphrasesyouhavelearntinthisunit.Youaregivensixminutestodoit.Readfirst，andthenfillinitaccordingtothemeaningofeachsentence.Isthatclear？
Ss：Yes.
T：OK.Firstdoitbyyourself.Thendiscusstheminpairs.Afterawhile，I’llasksomestudentstoreadthewords.
（Teachergoesamongthestudentsandthestudentsbegintodoit.Afterawhile，teachercheckstheiranswers.）
Step3
T：Doyouhaveanytroubleunderstandingthepassage？
S1：It’sdifficultformetounderstandthephrase“gowithout”inwarmingup.
T：Itmeanswithouthaving（nothingtoeat）.
e.g.Thepoorboyoftenhadtogowithoutsupper.
S2：InParagraphOne，what’sthemeaningof“gothrough”？
T：Hereitmeansexperienceorsuffer.Ithasseveralmeanings.Pleaseguessitsdifferentmeaningsindifferentsentences.
（1）I’dliketohaveyougothroughthebook.
（2）Motherwentthroughthedrawerlookingforthesweater.
（3）I’vegonethroughtoomuchmoneythisweek.
（4）Shewentthroughonehardshipafteranother.
（5）Thelawhasnowgonethrough.
Ss：检查；翻找；用完；经历（困难，痛苦等）；通过
S3：Whatdoesthesentence“Sheandherfamilyhidawayfortwoyearsbeforetheywerediscovered”mean？
T：Whocanexplainit？
S4：她和她的家人藏了两年才被发现。
T：Youareclever.Anyotherquestion？
S5：Inthesentences“Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky，thesongofthebirds，moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.”，what’sthefunctionof“when”？Howcanweunderstand“couldneverhavekeptmespellbound”
T：When...isanattributiveclause；“couldneverhavekeptmespellbound”means：Inthepast，Ipaynoattentiontonature，becauseIgetitsoeasily.Now，it’ssohardformetoenjoyitthatIamattracted.
Multiplechoices：
（1）—DoyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttotheGreatWall？
—Ican’trememberitwell，but____________sometimelastautumn？
A.mightitbeB.couldithavebeen
C.couldbeD.mustithavebeen
（2）We____________booked.Look，thisrestaurantisalmostempty.
A.musthaveB.can’thave
C.shouldhaveD.needn’thave
（3）Itwasanunforgettablemomentforallthecitizensthisyear，____________in20yearsChina’swomen’svolleyballteamwontheOlympicgoldmedialagain.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
（4）Ididn’tgotoseethedoctoryesterday.Butyou____________.
A.oughtB.oughtto
C.oughtedtoD.oughttohave
Answers：B，D，C，D
S：Inthesentence“Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature”，what’sthestructureof“it’s...that...”？
T：Itisanemphaticsentence.
Multiplechoices：
1.Itwasin1999____________Igraduatedfromuniversity.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.onwhich
2.Was____________thatwerelastnightattheconcert？
A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyou
3.Was____________Bill，____________playedbasketballverywell，____________helpedtheblindmanacrossthestreet.
A.that；that；whoB.it；that；that
C.it；who；thatD.that；who；he
4.____________electricityplayssuchanimportantpartinourlife？
A.WhyisitthatB.Whyisit
C.WhyitisthatD.Whyisthat
5.Ican’tfindMrBrown.Wheredidyoumeethimthismorning？
Itwasinthehotel____________hestayed.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
6.WheredidyoufindMrBrown？
Itwasinthefactory____________Ifoundhimyesterday.
A.towhichB.thatC.whichD.where
Answers：A，A，C，A，A，B
Fillintheblanks：
1.ItwasShanghaithatIwasborn____________in1990.
2.ItwasinShanghai____________Iwasbornin1990.
3.ItwasShanghai____________Iwasborn.
4.Itwasin1990____________IfirstwenttoBeijing____________Isawthefive-star-flagrisinginTiananMenSquarewithmyowneyes.
Answers：in；that；where；when；that
S6：Whatpartspeechofstayinthephrase“stayawake”？
T：“stay”hereisalinkverb，whichcanbefollowedbyadjectiveornoun.
S7：What’sthestructureof“itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface”？
T：Thisisafixedsentencepattern.Whenthetenseinthesubjectclauseis“was”，thetenseinthethatclauseispastperfecttense.Whenthetenseinthesubjectclauseis“is/willbe”，thetenseinthatclauseispresentperfecttense.
Step4
T：Noquestion？Iexplainsomeotherinformationtoyou.Pleasematchtheexplanationwiththesentences.
1.survey
a.lookcarefullyatallof（sth./sb.）
b.study（anddescribe）thegeneralconditionofsth.
c.findandrecordtheareafeaturesbymeasurementorcalculation
（1）Thecityengineersurveyedthepropertytoamendthemap.
（2）Hesurveyedthecountryfromthetopofthemountain.
（3）Let’ssurveytheeventsleadinguptothecrime.
Answers：c，b，a
T：Notethedifferencesbetweenthetwosentences.
a.Shestoodfacetofacewithhim.
b.Ihadaface-to-faceinterviewwithafamousactor.
T：“faceto-face”isusedasanadverbial.“face-toface”isusedasattributive.
T：Grasptherelativeidioms：
acaseinpoint例证
beonthepointof正要去做某事
cometothepoint谈正题
makeapoint提出一个论点
tothepoint中肯，切题
pointout指出
Whenitcomestothepoint到了关键时刻
2.suffer：toexperiencepainordifficulty
e.g.Hesufferedagreatdealfromcoldandhunger.
T：Inthisclass，we’velearntalotoflanguagepoints.
Pleasereadthemafterclassuntilyoucanlearnthembyheartandtrytousethemasfrequentaspossible.
Homework：TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish.
1.看起来今年我们没有假期。
2.做完作业后他才睡觉。
3.这是第二次他单独跟她外出。
4.有些时刻我忘了。
5.这个国家已经经历了两次战争。
6.五年后我们才能见面。
7.我没等多久他就来了。
Answers：
1.Itlooksasthoughweshallhavetogowithoutaholidaythisyear.
2.Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.
Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.
Notuntilhefinishedhishomeworkdidhegotobed.
3.Itwasthesecondtimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.
4.TherearemomentswhenIforgetallaboutit.
5.Thecountryhasgonethroughtwowars.
6.Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.
7.Ihadn’twaitedlongbeforehecame.
●板书设计
Unit1Friendship
TheSecondPeriod
Newwordssentencesstructures
andphrases
1.upset1.before
2.beconcernedabout2.Itis/was/willbe...
3.setdown3.couldhavedone
4.calm...
5.loose
6.share
...
●活动与探究
Makeupashortpassageusingthelanguagepointsyou’velearned.ThepurposeistoencourageSstousetheminaactualsituation，whichisconnectedwiththem.Thus，theyarewillingtolearnthemandusetheminsteadofjustrememberingthem.
Accordingtotheirperformances，thebestpassagesandwriterswillbechosen.
●备课资料
Noteonusage：
1.before
Itcanbeusedinthesensesofthefollowings.
A.把before译为“……才”（强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量比较大时）：
a.Itwillbefiveyearsbeforewemeetagain.要等五年我们才能见面。
b.Wewaitedalongtimebeforethetrainarrived.我们等了很长时间火车才到达。
B.把before译为“……就”（强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的精力比较小时）
Ihadn’twaitedlongbeforehecame.
我没有等多久他就来了。
C.把before译为“尚未、还没有、来不及、不要、别”
Hediedbeforewritingawill.
他没有来得及写遗嘱，就死了。
Takeitbeforeyouchangeyourmind.买了吧，不要三心二意。
D.把before译为“在……的时候还没有”
Hearrivedtherebeforeitbegantorain.
他到达那里的时候天还没有下雨。
E.把before译为“如果、否则、免得”
GobeforeIcallthepolice.
走吧，否则我叫警察了。
F.把before译为“到、等到、没等……就”
BeforeIcouldsitdown，sheofferedmeacupoftea.
没等我坐下，她就给我端上了一杯茶。
G.把before译为“然后”
IshavedbeforeIwenttotheparty.
我刮了脸，然后去参加宴会。
（1）MarycametoFrancein1940，anditwasn’tlong____________shebecameaFrenchcitizen.
A.whileB.beforeC.sinceD.when
（2）Therooffell____________hehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.
A.afterB.asC.beforeD.until
（3）Iwilltrytofinishthiswork____________.
A.upuntilyoucancomeB.beforeyoucancome
C.uptothetimeyouareabletocomeD.untilyoucancome
Answers：B，C，B
2.英语中的反身代词在句子中充当宾语、表语或同位语等。含oneself的短语有：beoneself身体健康；cometooneself苏醒过来；devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于；dressoneself穿衣服；enjoyoneself玩得高兴；helponeselfto随便吃；随便用；擅自拿；makeoneselfathome不要拘束；makeoneselfunderstood让别人理解自己；saytooneself心里想；seatoneself坐下；talktooneself自言自语；teachoneself自学；besideoneself失常；发疯；byoneself单独地；foroneself为自己；ofoneself自动地；tooneself独自享用
用上述短语的适当形式填空。
1.Whenshecametoherself，shefoundherselfinhospital.
2.Herewehavebeef，cakes，wineandsoon.Helpyourselfwhicheveryoulike.
3.Whenshelearnedoftheexcitingnews，shewasbesideherself.
4.Ifyoudon’tbelieveme，youcangoandseeforyourself.
5.Theprofessorhasdevotedhimselftotheresearchofhighbloodpressureallhislife.
6.Thedoorofthehotelclosesandopensofitself.
7.Comeinandsitdown，please.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.
8.“Ihaven’tforgottenanything，”shesaidtoherself.
9.Sometimeswecanmakeourselvesunderstoodnotbywordsbutbygesturesandexpressions.
10.—DoyouthinkIcouldborrowyourdictionary？
—Yes，helpyourself.
3.till/until用于肯定句中，主句用延续性动词；until用于否定句中，主句用瞬时性动词；notuntil位于句首时，主句的主谓部分倒装；位于句首时只能用until；对not...until句型进行强调时，常用结构Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。
判断正误，若有错，请改正。
（1）Ididn’tmanagetodoittillyouhadexplainedhow.
（2）ItwasuntilmidnightthatIwenttosleeplastnight.
（3）Tillhereturns，nothingcanbedone.
（4）NotuntilIbegantoworkdidn’tIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.
Answers：（1）till改为until
（2）until改为notuntil
（3）√
（4）didn’t改为did
4.reason
reason作名词时，常用：Thereasonisthat...；thereasonwhy...。如果先行词reason在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用that或which，不用why；byreasonof由于……的缘故；for...reason/reasons由于……的原因；outofreason不合情理；withreason有充分的理由。reason与cause用法不同：reason侧重指某种看法或行为的理由，与for连用；cause侧重指某个事实或现象的原因，与of连用。reason作不及物动词意为“评论”。
1.（2002年上海春）Isthisthereason____________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？
A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained
C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained
2.（2002年上海）Accordingtotherecentresearch，heavycoffeedrinkingandheartattackisnotnecessary____________andeffect.
A.reasonB.impactC.factD.cause
3.（NMET1995）Thereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingwas____________hehadahighfever.
A.becauseB.thatC.whyD.when
Answers：A，D，B
5.含time的句型及时态。
①This/That/It+is/will/be/was+序数词/形容词最高级+time+that从句，主句用is/willbe，从句用现在完成时；主句用was，从句用过去完成时。②Itis（high/about）time+（that）从句，意为“是该做……的时候了”，从句常用一般过去时态。③thetime引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就”。④each/every...，意为“每当……时候”，相当于whenever引导的从句。⑤bythetime（that...）意为“到……为止”。若从句为过去时，主句用过去完成时；若从句为一般现在时或现在完成时，主句用将来完成时。⑥Thefirst/lasttime（that）...引导时间状语从句，意为“当第一次/最后一次（做）……的时候”，主句常用进行时态。
1.（NMET1992）—Doyouknowourtownatall？
—No，thisisthefirsttimeI____________here.
A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming
2.（NMET1992）ThelasttimeI____________Jane，she____________cottoninthefields.
A.hadseen；waspickingB.saw；picked
C.hadseen；pickedD.saw；waspicking
3.（1995年上海）IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5：30p.m.____________manypeoplehavegonehome.
A.whosetimeB.that
C.onwhichD.bywhichtime
Answers：B，D，D
6.add的用法：
addto增加；add...to...把……加到……；addupsth.加起来；addupto总计
TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese：
Whatthestudentshavedonehasaddedtotheteacher’strouble.
学生们所做的一切事增加了老师的麻烦。
Motheraskedmetoaddsomesalttothesoup.
妈妈要我往汤里加点盐。
Fouraddedtosixmakesten.
四加六等于十。
Pleaseaddthemuptoseeifthenumberiscorrect.
请把这些数字加起来。
Thecostofthetwotripsaddsupto1000yuan.
两次的旅游费用总计1000元。

Frighteningnature（ReferenceforTeaching）

一名优秀负责的教师就要对每一位学生尽职尽责，作为教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助教师能够更轻松的上课教学。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？以下是小编收集整理的“Frighteningnature（ReferenceforTeaching）”，仅供参考，希望能为您提供参考！

ReferenceforTeaching
I.异国风情
1.TheGrandCanyon
TheGrandCanyon(大峡谷)isconsideredoneofthesevenwondersofthenatural
world.ItisoneofAmericasmostfamousnationalparks.Visitorstothecanyoncomefromallpartsoftheworld.Officialssayabout5millionpeoplevisittheGrandCanyoneachyear.
Thecanyonextends450kilometers.ButthesurroundingareadoesnotsuggesttheexistenceofsuchalargeopeningintheEarth.Visitorscomeuponthecanyonsuddenly,whentheyreachtheedge.Thentheyarelookingatalandlikenothingelseintheworld.Wallsofrockfallawaysharply.Insomeplaces，thecanyonwallsaremorethanakilometerdeep.Farbelowisthedark,turninglineoftheColoradoRiver(科罗拉多河).Ontheothersideofthecanyon,sunshinelightsuptherockwallsinred,orangeandgold.Thebrightcolorsaretheresultofmineralsintherocks.
Theirappearancechangeswiththelight,thetimeofyearsandtheweather.Atsunset,whenthesunhasmovedacrossthesky,thecanyonwallstakeonquietercolorsofblue,purple(紫色)andgreen.Hundredsofrockypointsrisefromthebottomofthecanyon.Someareverytall.Yetallarebelowthelevelofanobserverontheedge,lookingover.
ThereareseveralwaystoseetheGrandCanyon．Manyvisitorswalkalongpaths
downintothecanyon.Ittakesseveralhourstowalktothebottom,ittakestwotimesaslongtowalkbackup．Somevisitorsridemules(骡子)t0thebottomofthecanyonandback．Mulesarestronganimalsthatlooklikehorses．Theyareknownfortheirabilitytowalkslowlyandsafelyonthepaths．ManypeopleseetheGrandCanyonbyair．Theypayahelicopterorairplanepilottoflythemaboveandaroundthecanyon．OthersseeitfromtheColoradoRiver．Theyrideboatsoverthefastmovingwater．Thesetripscanlastfromoneweektothreeweeks．
AmericasNationalParkServiceisinchargeofprotectingtheGrandCanyonfrom
theeffectsofsomanyvisitors．Visitorsmustcarrya11wastematerialsoutofthearea．Allrocks．historicalobjects，plantsandwildlifemustbeleftuntouched．TheNationalParkServicetellsitsvisitors，“Takeonlyphotographs．Leaveonlyfootprints．”
2．TheBirthofAnIsland
Surtseywasbornin1963．Itwasagreateventforscientists．Theywereluckyenoughtoseethebirthofthisvolcanicisland．Itbeganat7：30a．m．on14thNovember．AfishingboatwassailingnearIceland．Theboatmovedunderthecaptainsfeet．Henoticedastrangesmell．Hesawsomeblacksmoke．Avolcanowaserupting．ThebottomofthegreyAtlanticwasopen．Red—hotrocks，flamesandsmokewererushingupfromasplitinthesea-bed．Theislandgrewquickly．Itwas10metreshighthenextdayand60metreshighon18thNovember．ScientistsflewtoReykjaviktowatch．Itwasveryexciting．Smokeandflameswerestillrushingup．Piecesofred—hotrockwereflyingintotheairandfallingintothesea．Theseawasboilingandtherewasastrangelightinthesky.Surtseygrewandgrew．ThenitstoppedinJune1967．Itwas175metreshighand2kilometreslong．AndlifewasalreadycomingtoSurtsey．
Seedscameoverthesea.Plantsgrew．Birdscame．Somescientistsbuiltahouse．Theywantto1earnaboutthisyoungisland．Anewislandislikeanewworld．
Ⅱ．知识归纳
l.urge的用法
(1)urge常作及物动词，意为：推进，极力主张，强烈要求，催促，劝，激励，怂恿，
强调。
①跟名词
e．g．WeChinesepeoplehavepersistentlyurgedtheequalityofnations。bigorsmall。
我们中国人民一贯坚决主张国无大小应一律平等。
Theyurgeddirectuseoftroopstotrytosuppressthemovement．
他们强烈要求用部队去设法平息运动。
②跟带不定式的复合结构
e．g．HeurgedWuDongtohelphim．
他恳请吴东去帮助他。
Motherurgedmenottotellyouanythingaboutit．
妈妈要求我什么也不要对你说。
③跟从句[从句用虚拟语气：(should+)动词原形]
e．g．Theyurgedthatthelibrarybekeptopenduringthevacation．
他们主张图书馆在假期开放。
Herparentsurgedherthatshe(should)setstrictdemandsonherself．
她父母亲鼓励她要严格要求自己。
④urge后一般不能跟不定式作宾语，只能跟动名词。
e．g．Weallurgedstickingtothefourfundamentalprinciples．
我们大家都主张要坚持四项基本原则。
(2)urge作名词，意为“强烈的愿望(要求)”。
e．g．Hehasanurgetojointhearmy．
他强烈要求参军。
(3)urgefor意为“要求做出”。
e．g．Theyurgedmeforastatementofmyview,．
他们强烈要求我说出我的观点。
2．asthough(=asif)的用法
asthough和asif没有什么区别。asif用得普遍些，却可引导方式状语从句和表语
从句，其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。
(1)引导方式状语从句
e．g．Heclosedhiseyesasthoughheweretootired．
他闭着眼睛，好像太累了。
Sheactedasthoughnothinghadhappened．
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有动词tobe时，可以把主语和tobe
一起省去。
e．g．Helookedaboutasthough(hewas)insearchofsomething．
他四下张望，好像寻找什么。
Hepausedasif(hewas)expectingTomtospeak．
他停了下来好像期望Tom说些什么。
Helistenedasthoughhewasturningtostone．
这孩子一动不动地听着，仿佛变成了石头似的。
(2)引导表语从句
e．g．Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain．
看样子天要下雨了。
ItseemsasifImthefirstonehere．
看起来我是第一个到这里的。
asthough和asif从句用虚拟语气，还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果
从句表示的意思与事实完全相反，或者纯粹是一种假设，通常用虚拟语气。
e．g．Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater．itlooksasifitwerebroken．
当铅笔一部分放进水里，看起来好像折断了似的。(虚拟)
Youlookasifyouarefriends．
你们看起来像朋友似的。
Ⅲ．词语辨析
1．earth，mud，dirt，soil
(1)earth作“泥土；土地”解(=soil)，一般不用冠词。
e．g．Dontforgettocovertherootoftheappletreewithearth．
不要忘记用土把苹果树根埋好。
Thatpileofearthcamefromtheholewedugintheground．
那堆土来自我们在地上挖的那个坑。
(2)mud泥．形容词是muddy。
e．g．Rainturnsdustintomud．
雨把尘土变成了泥。
Hewascleaningthemudfromhisbootswithabrush．
他正用刷子刷他靴子上的泥。
(3)dirt脏东西，污秽。
e．g．Hisclotheswerecoveredwithdirt．
他的衣服满是污秽。
Shewashedthedirtoutoftheclothes．
她洗掉了衣服上的脏东西。
dirt也可作“土”解。
e．g．Thisisgooddirtforgrowingvegetables．
这是好土可以用来种菜。
Thechildrenwereoutsideplayinginthedirt．
孩子们在外面的土里玩耍。
(4)soil土壤，土地。
e．g．Mostplantsgrowbestinrichsoil．
大部分庄稼在肥沃的土地上长得很好。
好的土壤是goodsoil，richsoil；贫瘠的土壤是poorsoil；沙土地是sandysoil．
2．escape，flee，fly，runaway
四个词均有逃跑之意，escape和runaway常作不及物动词，如果是表示“从……
逃去”．在其后加from；flee是及物动词。
(1)escape意为“逃跑，逃避，逃脱”，一般指为躲避不利于自己的环境或事物而离开。
常隐含着紧急，紧迫的意思，常用此词指罪人逃跑或避免惩罚。
e．g．Theprisonershaveescaped．
囚犯已经逃跑了。
Heescapedfromoutoftheburninghouse．
他从燃烧的房子里逃了出来。
escape还可以表示“避免，免除”，其后接名词或动词ing形式。
e．g．Youwereluckytoescapepunishment／beingpunished．
他避免了受罚。
Fieescapeddeath/hisfate．
他幸免一死(他逃脱了厄运)。
(2)flee意为“逃走，逃避，避开”，强调逃的行为，无论其成功与否，是指躲开危害自己或不愿意，不敢接触的事物。含有所做的动作迅速。仓促而情况紧迫的意思。
e．g．Theyallfled(from)theburning
ship．
他们都逃离了着火的船只。
Hekilledhisenemyandfledthecourtry．
他杀死了他的敌人并逃离了那个国家。
(3)runaway意为“逃跑。逃脱”，常用于实际的体力行为，并着重所做的动作是快速
敏捷的，而不强调情况或事情紧急，急迫。
e．g．Shehitthechildandheranaway．
她打那孩子．那孩子跑开了。
Thethiefranawayfromthepoliceman．
小偷从警察手中逃跑了。
“runaway"较口语化；有时可以用“getaway"表示，但"getaway"时常含有“挣脱，摆脱”的意思。
e．g．Hecantgetawaywithit．Somedayhellhavetopaytheprice．
他是逃不脱的，总有一天他会受到报应。
Marytriedtocatchabutterfly，butitgotawayfromher．
玛丽设法捉住了一只蝴蝶，但它挣脱她而飞走了。
(4)fly意为“逃离”，可以用作及物动词或不及物动词。
e．g．Hewasforcedtoflyhishomeland．
他被迫逃离祖国。
Thethiefwasflyingfromjustice．
那个贼还在逍遥法外。
Ⅳ．能力训练
句型转换：根据第一句的意思，把第二句补充完整。
1．Youaskedmetowriteyousomethingaboutthedeathofmyuncle．
Youaskedmeto_________________________________inmyletter．
答案：tellyouhowmyuncledied
2．WeafterwardslearntthatitwasMountVesuvius．
We_____learntthatitwasMountVesuvius．
答案：later
3．ChristmasDayisathand．
Itis_____________________．
答案：almostChristmasDay
4．HishouselayatthefootofVesuvius．
Hishouse________atthefootofVesuvius．
Hishouse______________atthefootofVesuvius
答案：was；waslocated
5．Therewasnowayoutexceptbyboat．
Therewasnowayout________byboat．
答案：besides
6．Successinschoolcallsformuchhardstudy．
Successinschool__________muchhardstudy．
答案：needs
7．Hepausedforamomentwonderingwhethertoturnback．
He________foramomentwonderingwhethertoturnback．
答案：stopped
8．UponarrivalmyunclehuggedPompy．
________arrivalmyunclehuggedPompy．
___________________________hearrived，myunclehuggedPompy．
答案：On；Assoonas
9．Motherwentshopping；meanwhile，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；______________________，Icleanedthehouse．
Motherwentshopping；_____________________,Icleanedthehouse．
答案：meantime；inthemeantime；inthemeanwhile
lO．Theirlightscaredpeople．
Theirlight_________people．
Theirlight_________people．
答案：terrified；frightened

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