俗话说,居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让上课时的教学氛围非常活跃,帮助教师能够更轻松的上课教学。教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“第2节 基因对性状的控制”,欢迎大家阅读,希望对大家有所帮助。
学习导航
1.学习目标
(1)说出中心法则的发展历程,明确中心法则——遗传信息流向的途径:
①从DNA流向DNA(DNA自我复制);②从DNA流向RNA,进而流向蛋白质(转录和翻译);③从RNA流向RNA(RNA自我复制);④从RNA流向DNA(逆转录)。
(2)举例说明基因、蛋白质与性状的关系。
(3)举例说明基因间的相互作用及对生物性状的精细调控。
2.学习建议
1.本节主要介绍了中心法则和基因、蛋白质与性状的关系两部分内容,在“中心法则”的学习中,可充分运用教材中的“资料分析”,探究中心法则的提出和完善过程。
2.关于基因、蛋白质和性状的关系的内容,比较复杂,也较抽象。学习过程中要从遗传现象的实例入手,分析其本质原因,归纳总结三者间的关系。运用两类遗传现象的实例:一类是豌豆的圆粒与皱粒、白化病和侏儒症等实例,说明基因通过控制酶或激素的合成来控制细胞代谢过程,从而控制生物性状;另一类是类似囊性纤维病、镰刀型细胞贫血症等实例,说明基因通过控制结构蛋白的合成,从而直接控制性状。最后得出结论:基因控制性状是通过控制蛋白质的合成来实现的。再通过“人的身高”等事例,了解多基因对性状的控制以及环境对性状的影响等知识。
自我测评
一、选择题
1.下列各项中,正确的是()。
A.1982年科学家发现RNA可复制
B.1957年科学家发现疯牛病是一种结构异常的蛋白质引起的
C.1965年,克里克提出中心法则
D.1970年科学家发现逆转录酶
2.揭示生物体内遗传信息传递一般规律的是()。
A.基因的遗传定律B.碱基互补配对原则
C.中心法则 D.自然选择学说
3.囊性纤维病的实例可以说明()。
A.基因通过控制酶的合成来控制代谢过程,进而控制生物体的性状
B.DNA中某个碱基发生改变,生物体合成的蛋白质必然改变
C.基因通过控制激素的合成,控制生物体的性状
D.基因通过控制蛋白质的结构直接控制生物体的性状
4.甜豌豆的紫花对白花是一对相对性状,由非同源染色体上的两对基因共同控制,只有当同时存在两个显性基因(A和B)时,花中的紫色素才能合成。下列说法中,正确的是()。
A.一种性状只能由一种基因控制 B.基因在控制生物体的性状上是互不干扰的
C.每种性状都是由两个基因控制的D.基因之间存在着相互作用
5.遗传学家曾做过这样的实验:长翅果蝇幼虫正常培养温度为25℃,将孵化后4~7d的长翅果蝇幼虫,在35~37℃处理6~24h后,得到了某些残翅果蝇;这些残翅果蝇在正常环境温度下产生的后代仍然是长翅果蝇。此实验不能说明()。
A.环境条件的改变可以引起生物性状的改变
B.控制长翅果蝇的基因的表达受温度影响
C.基因控制生物体性状时受环境影响
D.翅的发育过程经过酶的催化作用
6.当克里克提出遗传信息传递的中心法则后,人们又通过科学研究对中心法则进行的补充包括()。
①DNA复制 ②RNA复制 ③蛋白质的复制 ④转录 ⑤逆转录 ⑥翻译
A.①②③B.④⑤⑥C.②③⑤D.①④⑤
7.下列有关细胞质基因的说法中,不正确的是()。
A.细胞质基因存在于所有的细胞器中
B.细胞质基因存在于线粒体和叶绿体中
C.细胞质基因能进行半自主自我复制
D.细胞质基因控制的遗传病只能通过母亲传递给子代
8.观赏植物藏报春,在20~25℃的条件下,红色(A)对白色(a)为显性,基因型为AA或Aa的藏报春开红花,基因型为aa的藏报春开白花。但是,如果把开红花的藏报春移到30℃条件下,虽然基因型仍为AA或Aa,但新开的花全是白色的,这说明()。
A.基因完全决定性状
B.基因对性状的控制受到环境因素的影响
C.基因型相同,环境条件改变,性状一定改变
D.每种植物在环境条件改变时都能开多种颜色的花
9.在豌豆粒中,由于控制合成淀粉分支酶的基因中插入外来DNA片段而不能合成淀粉分支酶,使得豌豆粒不能合成淀粉而变得皱缩。此事实说明()。
A.基因是生物体性状的载体
B.基因能直接控制生物体的性状
C.基因可以通过控制酶的合成控制生物性状
D.基因可以通过控制蛋白质结构来控制生物性状
10.下列各项中,属于基因通过控制蛋白质分子结构直接控制生物性状的实例是()。
①人类的白化病②囊性纤维病③苯丙酮尿症④镰刀型细胞贫血症
A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④
11.下列各项中,不是蛋白质合成所必需的是()。
A.mRNAB.核糖体C.tRNAD.内质网
12.下列关于基因与性状的关系的说法中,错误的是()。
A.很多情况下一个基因决定一个性状
B.有的情况下多个基因决定一个性状
C.有的情况下一个基因决定多个性状
D.生物体的性状不会受到环境影响
13.逆转录过程的发现对克里克提出的中心法则来说是()。
A.完全否定B.毫无意义
C.补充和更加完善 D.彻底完善
14.导致囊性纤维病变的根本原因是()。
A.CFTR基因缺失3个碱基B.CFTR蛋白结构异常
C.支气管中黏液增多 D.细菌繁殖,肺部感染
15.同一株水毛茛,裸露在空气中的叶和浸在水中的叶,表现出了两种不同的形态。下列各项中,对此说法正确的是()。
A.水上部分只含有控制形成宽形叶的基因
B.水下部分只含有控制形成窄形叶的基因
C.水上部分既含有形成宽形叶的基因,也含有形成窄形叶的基因
D.基因相同则性状相同,基因不同则性状不同
二、非选择题
16.(2003年江苏省高考题)艾滋病(AIDS)是目前威胁人类生命的重要疾病之一。能导致艾滋病的HIV病毒是RNA病毒。它感染人的T淋巴细胞,导致人的免疫力下降,使患者死于广泛感染。请回答下面的问题。
(1)该病毒进入细胞后,能以为模板,在酶的作用下合成,并整合于人的基因组中。
(2)整合后它按照原则进行复制,又能以为模板合成,并进而通过过程合成病毒蛋白。
(3)如果将病毒置于细胞外,该病毒不能繁殖,原因是。
17.已知甲、乙、丙三种病毒,它们的遗传信息传递和表达过程如下图。请根据图回答下面的问题。
(1)这三种病毒的遗传物质依次是:
甲 ;乙 ;丙 。
(2)过程3、10表示 ;
过程6表示 ;
过程1、4、8、11表示 ;
过程2、5、9表示 ;
过程7表示 ,此过程需要有 的作用。
(3)用简略图表示这三种病毒中遗传信息的传递和表达过程:
甲:。
乙:。
丙:。
18.如下图所示,在a、b两试管内加入的DNA都含有30个碱基对,其他试管加入的RNA,在适宜的条件下培养一段时间后,发现只有前四个试管内有产物生成。请根据图回答下面的问题。
(1)能形成RNA的试管是;若c、d、e试管中加入的信使RNA都是由此产生的,则这些RNA分子中均含个碱基,最多有个密码子。
(2)写出试管中的产物名称:
a;b;c;d。
(3)a、b两试管内的DNA在作模板时的区别是
。
(4)若想在e试管内获取多肽,还应加入的物质是。
19.右图是囊性纤维病的病因图解,据图回答:
(1)基因是指。基因中的代表遗传信息,如图中所示形成的CFTR蛋白质结构异常的原因是 。
(2)此种病例所涉及的是基因对生物性状的控制,事实上,基因与性状并不是简单的线性关系,基因与 、基因与、基因与
之间存在着复杂的相互作用。
(3)通过图解可以看出基因能通过直接控制生物体的性状。
参考答案
一、选择题
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.D 11.D 12.D 13.C 14.A 15.C
二、非选择题
16.(1)RNA 逆转录酶 DNA(2)碱基互补配对 DNAmRNA 翻译(3)病毒本身缺乏繁殖所需要的原料、能量和酶等
17.(1)DNA RNA RNA(2)DNA复制 RNA复制 转录 翻译 逆转录逆转录酶(3)如图所示:
18.(1)b c 30 10(2)DNA RNA RNA DNA(3)前者的两链均作模板,后者只有一条链的片段作模板(4)转运RNA
19.(1)有遗传效应的DNA片段 碱基排列顺序 基因缺失了3个碱基
(2)单个 基因 基因产物 环境(3)控制蛋白质的结构
选修模块"海洋地理"的理解与实施
一、"海洋地理"在高中地理课程中的地位与作用
随着世界经济的发展和科技的进步,人类对资源的需求与日俱增,从而海洋──海洋资源的开发利用、海洋环境的保护和管理,以及海洋教育──已受到各国的普遍重视。选修模块"海洋地理"的设置,正是基于人类对海洋关注的日益加强,其目的是要使学生了解有关海洋的基础知识,认识海洋对人类生存与发展的意义,增强海洋意识。
在地理必修模块中,涉及到海洋地理的内容非常少,因此,可以说选修模块"海洋地理"是对地理必修模块的一个重要的补充。海洋作为人类生存与发展的"第二空间",因其是陆地降水的主要来源,且对全球水、热量平衡具有重大意义,所以,海洋对全球地理环境的形成与发展具有极其重大的影响作用;同时,海洋不仅蕴藏有丰富的能源、矿产、生物等各类资源,而且还是广阔的空间资源,所以,对社会经济的发展也有着极其重大的意义。
虽然,本模块在高中地理课程中具有相对的独立性;但是,通过本模块的学习,不仅有助于学生认识海洋对地理环境的影响、海洋资源的利用和海洋环境的保护、海洋权益等,而且还有助于学生了解有关我国海洋方面的基本地理国情,增强对海洋资源、环境的保护意识。
二、"海洋地理"的主要内容
"海洋地理"包括海洋和海岸带、海洋开发、海洋环境问题与保护、海洋权益四部分内容。
"海洋和海岸带"这一部分的内容包括海底地形,"海-汽"相互作用及其对全球水、热平衡的影响,厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜现象,海水运动的成因及其作用,海岸的主要类型和特点,海岸带开发利用方式,海平面变化对海岸带自然环境及社会经济发展的影响,主要是使学生对海洋自然地理环境有一个基本的了解,并能理解海洋自然地理时空分布规律及成因;
"海洋开发"这一部分的内容包括海水资源、海洋化学资源和海底矿产资源开发利用的特点及现状,海洋能资源的特点及开发前景,海洋生物资源开发利用中的问题及对策,海洋空间资源开发利用的重要性及主要方式,海洋旅游业的现状及发展前景,主要是使学生了解主要海洋资源的特点,海洋资源开发利用的现状、前景和主要方式等,以及海洋生物资源开发利用中的问题和对策;
必修三模块四SandstormsinAsia学案
课型设计与课时分配:
1stperiodVocabularyLearning
2ndperiodSpeaking(introduction,pronunciation,speaking12)
3rdperiodIntensiveReading(readingandvocabulary)
4thperiodGrammar(grammar12)
5thperiodListening(listeningandvocabulary,everydayEnglish)
6thperiodExtensiveReading(culturalcorner)
7thperiodWriting(writingandtask)
Period1VocabularyLearning
I.单词重现
1.沙尘暴n.)______
2.吓人的可怕的(adj.)________使..害怕(v.)___________(感到)害怕的(adj.)_________
3.内陆的(adj.)__________
4.大量的的,规模的(adj.)_______
5.战役活动(n.)____________
6.沙丘(n.)____________
7.沙漠化(n.)__________________沙漠(n.)_________遗弃的(adj.)______________
8.进程过程(n.)______________
9.公民市民(n.)_________________
10.沙尘灰尘(n.)_________
沾满沙土的(adj)__________
11.预报预告(v.)____________
预报员(n.)________________
12.力量力气(n.)_______________
加强增强(v)_________________
13.骑自行车(v.)_________,
骑自行车者(n).__________
14.面罩(n.)__________
15.大气(层),气氛(n.)_________
16.碳(n.)_____________
17.化学药品(n.),化学的(adj.)___________
化学(学科)(n.)___________
18.环境(n.)_________
周围的,环境的(adj.)________________
19.废料,垃圾(n.)___________
20.融化(vi.)________
融化的,溶解的(adj.)_______
21.污染(n.)________污染(v.)__________
22.再循环(v.n.)______________
23.沿海的(adj.)__________________
海岸线(n.)__________________
24.关心的,担心的(adj.)_________________
25.证据,证明(n.)____________________
明白的明显的(adj.)___________________
26.主要的多数的(adj.)_________________
多数大半(n.)___________________________
27.紧急的(adj.)____________________
迫切地(adv.)___________________
28.污染(v.)____________________
污染(n.)____________________
29.抱怨(v.)__________________
抱怨(n.)____________________
30.简单一句话(n.)___________________
31.恐怖的吓人的(adj.)________________
恐吓惊吓某人(v.)_____________________
32.绝对地完全地(adv.)_________________
绝对的(adj.)_______________________
33.保护(n.)________________________
保护(v.)___________________________
II.短语集锦
1.砍到__________________
2.阻止…干…__________________
3.保护…不受…的侵害______________
4.只有做….___________________
5.挖出______________
6.放出发出_________________
7.简言之______________
8.醒来后面对…清醒地意识到____________________
9.遭遇到…_________________
10.吸收欺骗__________________
11.对…有影响__________________
12.带走拿走________________
13.一个接一个地__________________
14.允许某人做…______________________
15.认真严肃地考虑…_________________
Ⅲ.单词演练
1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirdefinitionsontheright..
Forecasttotreatsomethingsothatwecanuseitagain
Cycletochangefromsolidtoliquid,e.g.icebecomeswater
Pollutionaseriesofnaturaldevelopmentsoreventsthatproducegradualchange
Melttosaywhatwillprobablyhappen
Recycledamagetotheenvironmentbecauseofdirtythings
Massapersonwholivesinaparticulartownorcountry
Concernedthephysicalpowerandenergythatmakessomeonestrong
Majortorideabicycle
Complainalargenumberof
Urgentimportant,great
Campaignsaythatoneisdissatisfied,unhappy,…
citizenworried
processneedimmediateattention,actionordecision…
strengthmilitaryoperationsorparticularorplannedactivitieswithaparticularsocial,commercialorpoliticalaim
2Fillintheblanksineachsentenceaccordingtothemeaning.Changetheformifnecessary.
1.Sandstormscanbef__________justafewhoursbeforetheyarrive.
2.Thisboxistooheavyandit’stoomuchforhiss_________.
3.Theydiscussedtheprobleminafriendlya___________.
4.Asthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theworldisfacemoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalp_____________.
5.Aschildrenweshouldbemuchc__________aboutourparents’health.
6.Don’talways_________(抱怨)yourpartnersmistakes.
7.A________(化学)changetakesplaceinanysubstancewhenitburns.
8.AsChinese________(公民),weshouldtryourbesttoimprovetheenvironment.
9.Underthe_________(保护)ofthesunglasses,oureyeswon’thurtinthestronglightofthesun.
10.Hissuggestionsare_________(完全地)reasonable.
3.DoalltheactivitiesaboutVocabularyinthetextbook,includingtheonesintheWorkbook.Forexample:P31,Activity12;P33,Activity23;P35,Activity1;P86Activity6,78.
Period2Speaking(introduction,pronunciation,speaking12)
Step1Talkaboutthefollowingpicturesinyourownwords.(Showthemthepicturesofsandstorms.)
Forexample:
S1:InthefirstpictureIcanseeamanisridingabikehard.Theskyisyellow.
T:Canyouseethebuildingsclearly?
S1:No,theyarenotclear.
T:Thankyou,sitdownplease.
S2:InthesecondoneIcanfindsomebuildings,butIcannotseethemclearly.Maybethecityisinthesandoranythinglikethat.
S3:InthethirdoneIcanseeaverytallbuildingonly.Thereismuchsandinthesky.
T:Verygood.Thankyou.
S4:Inthenextpicture,Icanseemanypeopleridingbikeswearingmasks.Theweatherisverycold,becausetheywearglovesandmoreclothes.
T:Howabouttheair?Isitclean?
S4:Theairisnotclean.Thereissomethinglikesandintheair.
T:Quiteright!
S5:Inthefifthpicture,thereisastrongwindcarryingsand.Itlookslikesmoke.
S6:Inthelastone,therearesomebuildingscoveredwiththick,yellowdust.
T:Excellentjob!Thankyoueverymuch.Now,whocantelluswhythereissomuchsandinthesky?Thewindthatcarrysandarecalled…
S7:Sandstorm.
T:Verygood.Yes,theyarecalledsandstorm.Ifyouwanttoknowmoreaboutsandstorm,let’scometoModule4SandstormsinAsia.
StepIIWarmingup
T:Openyourbooksonpage31.Lookatthepictureinyourbooks,whatcanyouseeinthepicture?
S1:Thereisastrongwindcarryingsandinthesky,andacarcoveredwithsandrunningslowly.
T:Right.Now,completethesentencesusingthecorrectformofwordsinthebox.Threeminutes.
Answers:sandstorm,lasts,frightening,blows,buried,
After3minutes,asksomestudentstosharetheiranswers.
T:Fromthisshortparagraph,wecanseethesandstormisfrightening.Haveyoueverexperiencedthesandstorm?Howdoesitbecreated?Beforewediscussthesequestions,let’slookatsomewordsonthescreen.
Dig,earthquake,protect,sign,thePacificOcean
(showthewordsonthescreen,andexplainthemeaningtothestudents.Dividethewholeclassintoseveralgroupstodiscussquestionsinactivity2.Thencallbacktheanswers)
S1:Mostofthesandstormsbeginindesertareas.Becausetherearenotreesandgrassesinthedesertareas.Thewindisverystrong.
S2:Climatechangingcancreatedeserts,butnowadays,thedesertsarebeingenlargedbecauseofhumanity.
S3:Desertsarealsocreatedbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.
T:Whypeoplecutdowntrees?
S3:Theywanttogetwoodortoplantcrops.
S4:Fewyearsago,JapanwasaffectedbythesandstormscomingfromnorthwestChina.AndAmericaisalsoaffectedbysandstorms.Somearecausedbyhumanity;somearefromAsiablownacrossthePacificOcean.Sandstormhasbeenaglobalissue.
T:Verygood,thankyou.Canwepreventit?
S5:Yes.Atpresent,ourChinahascarriedoutmanyplanstopreventsandstorm.Forexample,Chinahasformedaprofessorcommitteetostudyhowtopreventsandstorms.Wehaveplantedmanytreeseveryyear.Cuttingdownthetreesisunlawful.Thedegreeofsandstormisondecline.Sowecanpreventit.Webelieveourselves.
T:Quiteright.Ibelievetoo.Wheredoesthesandstormoftenhappen?
S6:theinlandregionhasmoresandstormsthantheonenearthesea.Becausetheinlandisdrierthantheonenearthesea.
T:Canyougiveusthereason?
S6:Dryweatherisoneofthemainreasonsforsandstorms.
T:Quiteright.You’vedoneverywell.Fromthisactivity,you’vegotmuchinformationonsandstorms.Sandstormisverybad.Itpollutestheair,affectsourdailylife.Ifyouareinasandstormwhatshouldyoudo?Nowworkinpairstodiscussthequestionsinactivity3.
(5minuteslater,callbacktheanswers)
S1:IfIaminasandstormIwillwearamasktoprotectmymouthandthroat,wearapairofglassestoprotectmyeyes.
S2:BesidesmaskandglassesIwillwearahat.Becausethereismuchsandintheair,itwillmakemyhairdirty.
T:Youareright.Inasandstorm,youshouldwearamaskandahat,apairofglassesisalsonecessary.Whichoneismoredangerous,earthquakeandsandstorm?
S3:Ithinkearthquake.Becauseinsandstormwecanstayathometoprotectus,butinearthquakeeverywhereisdangerous.
T:Iagreewithyou.WhereinChinadosandstormsusuallyhappen?Whatisthefirstsign?
S4:InthewestandnorthwestChina.
S5:ButitalsohappensinBeijingoften.
S6:Beforethesandstorm,thereisusuallyaheavywindanddryweather.
S7:Theskyisyellow.
S8:Oneafternoonoflastspring,whenIwasatschool,theskywasyellow.Therewasmuchsandinthesky.Thewindwasverystrongwithsomedropsofrain.Infact,itwasnotrain.Itwasmud.Atthattime,Ithoughttheearthquakewascoming.Itwasveryterrible.
T:Itwasreallyterrible.Thankyou.NowIthinkallofyouhaveknownaboutsomethingofsandstorm.Thesandstormisterribleandharmful.Weshouldworkhardtoprotectourenvironment.
StepIIIPronunciationandFunctiononP36
Listentothetapeandaskstudentstounderlinethewordsstressedandconcludewhenandwherethewordwillbestressed.Thenaskstudentstopracticeactivity12.Listenagaintocheckifthestressisright.AskstudentstocompletethesentencesinEx.3usingexpressionsfromEx.12.
StepIVSpeaking12onP37
T:Supposeyouareacitizen.Thereisasandstorminyourcity.Areporterwantstointerviewyouaboutthissandstorm.Makeadialogueaboutyourinterviewwithyourpartner.
S1:Goodafternoonsir,Iamareporteroflocaltelevisionstation.MayIaskyousomequestionsaboutthesandstormhappenedinthemorning?
S2:Ok.
S1:Whenthesandstormhappened,whatwereyoudoing?
S2:Iwascyclingontheroad.
S1:Beforethesandstormcoming,didyouknowitwasthesandstorm?Orweretheresomesignsofthecomingsandstorm?
S2:Yes.IlearnsomesandstormsignsfromTV.SoItriedhardtoride,butthewindwassostrong.
S1:Canyoutellmesomesignsofthatsandstorm?
S2:First,thewindwasbecomingstrongerandstronger,itlookedliketherainwascoming.Icanhardlyridemybike.Thedustonthegroundwaswhirledintothesky.Andtheskywasturnedintoyellow.Thedustbecamemoreandmore.Icanhardlyopenmyeyes.Iknewitwouldbeasandstorm.
S1:Itwasterrible.Canyougiveussomeideastopreventthesandstorm?
S2:Fromtelevision,wecanseemostofthesandstormsarecausedbyhuman.Insteadofcuttingdowntreesanddigginggrassweshouldplantmoretreesandgrasses.
S1:Iagreewithyou.Ithinkafterthissandstormmostofpeoplewillbewaken.Thankyou.
T:Welldone.Thankyou.Nowwehaveknownmostofthesandstormshavebeencausedbythedestroyedenvironment.Arethereanyotherthingsthatarebadfortheenvironment?
Ss:Yes.Forexample,coal.
T:Inwhatway?
Ss:Itgetsofflotsofsmokeandpollutestheair.
T:You’reright.
Ss:Plastic.Inourdailylife,peopleusemanyplasticbagsandthrowthemaround.Whenthereiswind,theplasticbagsthrownwillflyeverywhere.
Ss:Incanteenmanystudentsuseplasticbagstoholdtheirmealandthrowthemawaythen.Ithinkweshouldnotusethemfirstandsetamodal.
Ss:Likerefrigerator,moreandmorecarshavecomeintofamilies.Theygiveoutmuchchemicalsmoke,especiallyincities.Itisbadforourhealth.
Ss:Cuttingmoretreeswillnotonlycausesandstormsbutalsoenlargethesandarea.
T:Welldone,boysandgirls.Sincewehaveknownsomanythingsarebadfortheenvironment,whatshouldwedotoprotectourenvironment?
Ss:Weshouldplantmoretreestofreshourair.
Ss:Weshouldthrowtherubbishintothedustbinandnotthrowthemanywhere.
Ss:Ithinkthemostimportantthingweshoulddoistoorganizeanorganizationtomakepeoplearoundusknowtheimportancetoprotecttheenvironment.
T:Ok,whatyoutalkaboutisveryhelpful.Pleaseprepareitafterclassifyouwant.Ifyouneedhelp,pleaseletmeknow.Thisclasswehavelearntsomethingaboutsandstorms,andhavediscussedthingsthatpollutetheenvironment.Sincethepollutionissoserious,weshouldtryourbesttoprotectourenvironment.Nowwhatyoushoulddoafterclassistoturnyourideaintopractice.
Period3IntensiveReading(readingandvocabulary)
Step1Pre-reading
T:NowIwillgiveyoufiveminutesandreadthewholepassagequickly,findtheanswerstothequestionsonthetopofthispage.
1.Thereisaterriblesandstorm.
2.Shewearsamask,scarf,andheavyclothes.Becausethereisastrongsandstorm.
3.Trafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.
4.Theexpertadvisespeoplenottogoout.
After5minutes,checktheanswers.
T:Now,who’dliketotalkaboutthefirstquestion?Volunteer!
S1:I’dliketotry.FrompictureIknowthatasandstormhappens.Itisfrightening.
T:Quiteright.Nextquestion?Whowanttohaveatry?
S2:Thereisawomanpullingabikeinafrighteningsandstorm.Thecyclistwearsamaskandapairofgloves.Shewearsahat.
T:Thankyou,verywell.Howaboutnextquestion?
S3:Thetrafficwillbeveryslow,becauseinthesandstormthereismuchsandinthesky.Thedrivercannotseethingclearly.
T:Quiteright.Thelastone,whogottheanswer?
S4:Ithinktheexpertsadvisepeopletostayathomeandnotgoout.Whilegoingout,youshouldwearamask.
T:Thankyou.Sitdownplease.Now,afterwe’velearntthistext,wewillknowhowtoprotectourselves,ifthereisasandstorminourcity.Ofcourse,wedonothopeithappensinourcity.
Step2Reading
T:Turnyourbooksonpage33.Lookattheactivity23,readthetextquicklyagainandcompletethesetwoactivities.Threeminutes.
★Skimming:
Cycle(v),expert,process,citizen,dust,survive,forecast,situationb,b,a,a
After3minutes,asksomestudentstochecktheanswers.Showtheanswersonthescreen.
askstudentstoreaditsilently
★IntensiveReading
T:ReadthewholepassageverycarefullyandcompleteEx.45onpage33.Whilereadingunderlinephrasesandsentencesthatyouthinkareimportant.Readitsilentlyandtrytogetthegeneralideaofthispassage.10minutes.
1.Thewindsinasandstormcansometimesbestrongenoughtomovesanddunes.
2.WhenRenJianbowaslivinginInnerMongoliaheexperiencedaterriblesandstormindesert.
3.SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification”.
4.Cuttingdowntreesanddiggingupgrasscancausetheclimatechangesandmakethelandbecomedesert.
5.Trafficmovedveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.
6.ThegovernmentisplantingtreestothewestofBeijingtopreventthedesertcomingnear.
(After10minutesasksomestudentstochecktheanswersandshowtheanswersonthescreen.)
1.forecasted2.frightening3.survived4.dust5.process6.citizens
(Afterstudentstogivepossibleanswers,thenshowthemonthescreen)
1.ScientistshavetriedmanywaystosolvethisproblemandinChina,amasscampaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.
2.Youjusthadtohopeyou’dsurvive.
3.SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification”.
4.Thisisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbecomesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.
5.Whenasandstormarrivesinthecity,weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.
6.Tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.
7.Alreadythegovernmenthasplantedmorethan30billiontreesandplanstocontinueplantingforthenextfiveyears.
(Afterhavingfinishedtheexercises,showtheimportantsentencesonthescreen.Askthestudentstopaymoreattentiontothem.)
Step3Completethesummaryofthetext:
(1stparagraph)
Sandstormshavebeenamajor_______formanyAsiacountries_____centuries.Scientistshavetriedmanywaysto____thisproblemandinChina,a______campaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.
Suggestedanswers:
SandstormshavebeenamajordisasterformanyAsiacountriesforcenturies.ScientistshavetriedmanywaystosolvethisproblemandinChina,amasscampaignhasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.
(2ndparagraph)
Thewindinthesandstormisoftenstrongenoughtomove_________.RenJianbo,from_____________describedaterriblesandstormhe___________whenhewasachild.“tohavebeen______inasandstormisa____________.Therewasnothing________.Itwasthemost_________andthemostdangerous________Ihavebeenin.Youjusthadtohopeyou’d_______.
Suggestedanswers
Thewindinthesandstormisoftenstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.RenJianbo,fromInnerMongoliadescribedaterriblesandstormheexperiencedwhenhewasachild.“tohavebeencaughtinasandstormisaterribleexperience.Therewasnothingtobedone.ItwasthemostfrighteningandthemostdangeroussituationIhavebeenin.Youjusthadtohopeyou’dsurvive.
(3rd4thparagraphs)
Sandstormsbeginin______area.SandstormsinChina______tohavebeenincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“______________”.Thisisa________thathappensbecausepeople_________treesand________grass.Sandstormssometimes_______Beijing._______wakeuptoanorangeskyand______strongwindsthat______thecityinathick,brown-yellow_____.Thesandstormssometimes__________allthedayandtraffic______veryslowly.
Suggestedanswers:
Sandstormsbeginindesertarea.SandstormsinChinaappeartohavebeenincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification”.Thisisaprocessthathappensbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.SandstormssometimesaffectBeijing.Citizenswakeuptoanorangeskyandstrongwindsthatcoverthecityinathick,brown-yellowdust.Thesandstormssometimescontinueallthedayandtrafficmovesveryslowly.
(Thelasttwoparagraphs)
TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcan______asandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing.Whenthesandstormarrivesinthecity,weather_______advisepeoplenotto________.HuangXiaomei,wholivesinBeijingsays,“tobe______inasandstormis_________.It’sdifficultto_______inthestrongwindand_____makesme_____.Soifyouwanttogoout,you’dbetterweara______.
Thedesertisonly250kilometersawaytothewestofBeijing.To________itcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.
Suggestedanswers:
TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing.Whenthesandstormarrivesinthecity,weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.HuangXiaomei,wholivesinBeijingsays,“tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.It’sdifficulttobreatheinthestrongwindanddustmakesmeill.Soifyouwanttogoout,you’dbetterwearamask.
Thedesertisonly250kilometersawaytothewestofBeijing.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.
(Astothispart,listentowholepassagefirst,andthenlistenagainparagraphbyparagraph.Afterlisteningtoaparagraph,askstudentstolookthescreenandfilltheblankswiththeirbooksclosed.
Step4Languagepointsinthetext
T:Nowlet’sdealwithsomelanguagepoints.
◆Youjusthadtohopeyou’dsurvive.
Survivevi.continuetoliveorexist~(fromsth),~(onsth),
E.g.manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertime.
Ican’tsurvivedon30aweek.
Vt.Continuetoliveorexistinspiteofnearlybeingkilledordestroyed
~anearthquake,~shipwreck
survivorn.personwhosurvived
◆asaresultof“desertification”.
….由于沙漠化的结果
desert+ify“-fy/-ify”后缀变为verb.desertify→desertification
◆………becausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.
Cutsthdown(causesthtofalldownbycuttingitatbase)
~atree,砍倒一棵树,~trousers,改短裤子,~one’sexpenses,减少开支
digsthup①breakup(soil,etc)bydigging,②removesthfromthegroundbydigging
Digupthelandforanewgarden.为建一座花园而垦地。
Wedigupthetreebyhisroots.我们将树连根拔起。
◆……weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.
advisesb.(not)todosth.giveadvicetosb;recommend
Period4Grammar(grammar12)
StepIPresentation
T:Lookatthescreenplease.Payattentiontothephrasesincolor.Dotheyhavesomethingincommon?Whatisthecommonthing?
1.Toseeheristoloveher.
2.Shelikestoplaywiththechild.
3.Iamverygladtoseeyou.
4.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.
5.Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.
S:Yes.Theyallhavetheword“to”.
T:Verygood.Thisisthegrammar–infinitivestructurewewilllearnthisclass.Whoknowswhattheinfinitivestructureis.
S:Theinfinitivestructureisthephrasethathas“todosth”.
T:Verygood,butnotalways.Infinitivestructurehastwotypes.Oneisto-infinitive,theotherisbareinfinitive.Forexample:
Youcannotdobetterthango.(bareinfinitive)
Toseeistobelieve.(to-infinitive)
T:Ok,let’slooksomeusagesoftheinfinitivestructure
①Infinitivestructureactsassubject.
E.g.Toerrishuman.(subject)
Ittakesmetendaystofinishthisproject.(英语中常用it做形式主语,真正的主语是不定式)
②Infinitivestructureactsaspredicate
E.g.Heisyettocome.(be+tocome)
Theimportantthingistosavelives.
③Infinitivestructureactsasobject.
E.g.Shelikestoplaywiththechild.
Heseemstoknowtheway.
④Theadjectivefollowedbytheinfinitivestructure
E.g.Iamverygladtoseeyou.
Heiseagertowin.
⑤Infinitivestructureactsasattribute.
E.g.Hewasalwaysthefirsttocomeandlasttoleave.
ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.
⑥Infinitivestructureactsasadverbialmodifier.
E.g.Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.
(doingthiswithexplanation)
StepIIGrammar1
T:Nowpleasegothroughtheactivity1andtofindallinfinitivestructures,thentellusiftheygiveessentialorextrainformation.
Possibleanswers:
Thewindisstrongenoughtomovesanddunes.Theadjectivefollowedbytheinfinitivestructure
Wewereadvisednottogooutside.Infinitivestructureactsasobject.
It’sfrighteningtobecyclingtoworkinasandstormInfinitivestructureactsassubject
Thereisnothingtobedone.Infinitivestructureactsasattribute
Iamtheonlypersoninmyfamilytohavebeeninasandstorm.Infinitivestructureactsasattribute
Tohavebeencaughtinasandstormwasaterribleexperience.Infinitivestructureactsassubject
(Askstudentstochecktheanswers)
Askstudentstofinishactivity23thencallbacktheanswers.
1.Itisdangeroustotravelduringasandstorm.Infinitivestructureactsassubject
2.Expertshopetolearnmoreaboutthemovementofthunderstorms.Infinitivestructureactsasobject.
3.Weweretoldnottoleavethehouse.Infinitivestructureactsasobject.
4.Theworkonthehouseneedstobecompletedbytheendoftheweek.Infinitivestructureactsasobject.
5.Mosthousesseemtohavebeendestroyedbythestorm.Infinitivestructureactsaspredicate
1.towork2.tolearn3.totell4.tobecompleted5.tomiss6.tobefinished7.tosee
Explanation:
①Someadjectivesmustbefollowedby“to”:glad,sorry,lucky,free,sure,likely,able,afraid,willing,ready,anxious,careful,foolishetc.
②havetomeans“不得不…….”
③Someverbsmustbefollowedby“to”asobjective:like,want,hope,expect,wish,tryetc.
④Setphrases:so+adj.+asto;such(…)asto….;…enough(forsb)to….;too……to…;onlyto….(表示未曾料到的结果)etc.
StepIIIGrammar2
T:PleaseturnyourbooktoPage36.Atthebeginningoftheclass,ItoldyouthattheInfinitivestructurehastwotypes.Oneisto-infinitive,theotherisbareinfinitive.Nowlet’slookatthesecondtypeoftheInfinitivestructure.“but+infinitive”isoneofthebareinfinitive.Whoknowshowtousethisstructure?
S:Wedon’tknow.
T:Ifthereisaword“do”beforetheconjunction“but”weshouldusebareinfinitive.
E.g.wehavenothingtodonowbutwait.
Tomneverdoesanythingbuttalk.
Ifthereisno“do”beforetheconjunction“but”weshoulduseto-infinitive.
E.g.Theydesirednothingbuttosucceed.
Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.
T:Now,lookattheEx.12onpage36andfindtheanswers.
Possibleexplanations:
1.Wedonothingexcepttotalk.(可换成“but”,但要去掉“to”)
2.IhavetofeelveryconcernedbecauseIcan’tdohelp.(我只能担心,因为我帮不了你
help是名词)
3.Ican’tdoanythingbutwonderwhatwillhappen.(除了想知道将要发生什么,我不想作任何事情,言外之意就是,我非常想知道将发生什么事)
1.but2.think3.choose4.complaining5.love6.nothing
Possibleexplanations:
1.helpvt.应有宾语,所以判断此句中help是名词,完整形式应是“dohelp”.
2.同上
3.chosevt.又因but后是原型。
4.因为but前有"do”
5.同1
6.do应有宾语
其他结构:
① 口语中go,come后可不用to
Gotellher.去告诉他吧。
Comehaveaglass.来喝一杯吧。
②在than后不带to
Iwouldrathergothanstay
Youcannotdobetterthango.
③在一些固定词组中省去to
hear,make,let,see,但在被动语态中要加上。
疑问词why引导的省略句中省去to.
Whynottryagain?
StepIVHomework
1Completetheexercises1,2,34onPage85
2Choosethecorrectanswer.
1).Suchpeopleare_______.
A.respectB.torespectC.toberespectingD.toberespected
2).Thereisnothingtodobut________tillitstopssnowing.
A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.waits
3).I’msorry________yousomuchtrouble.Andthankyouforyourhelp.
A.togiveB.tohavegivenC.givingD.gave
4).Tomissaid______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
5).______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.
A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept
Period5Listening(Listeningandvocabulary;EverydayEnglish)ListeningandVocabulary(Page35)
1Dealwithvocabularyfirsttomakepreparationsforlistening.ThentheSswillhearaspeechaboutenvironmentalproblemsmadebyanexpert.Thensolveallthequestionsinthispart.
2ThenturntoPage38.Let’slistentothetapeforthelasttimeanddealwithEverydayEnglish.
3Atlastpresentthetapescript.
4Iftimepermits,dealwithListeningandspeaking(WbP88)
Period6ExtensiveReading(CulturalCorner)
ReadthepassageonP39andanswerthequestions.
1.HowdocountriesinEuropetrytoimprovetheenvironment?
2.Whendidthe“Green”movementbegin?
3.Whatdoesthe“Green”movementtrytodo?
Askstudentstalkaboutthefollowingtwoquestions:
a.ArethereorganizationsinChinawhoseaimistoprotecttheenvironment?
b.Whatdoyouknowabouttheorganizations?
Ifstudentsdon’tknowany,presentthemsomematerials.
Herearesomesupplementaryreadingmaterialsonthepaper.
ChinaAdoptsEnvironment-FriendlyWaytoDisposeRubbish
Chinaisadoptinganenvironment-friendlywayofrubbishdisposalbybuildingitslargestrubbish-burningfueledpowerplantinShanghai,accordingtoFridaysChinadaily.
TheplanttobebuiltinShanghaisPudongNewDistrictisdesignedtohavethecapacitytogenerate100,000megawattsofelectricityannuallybymeansofthermalenergygeneratedthroughburning365,000tonsofrubbish,thepapersaid.
Theproject,expectedtobecompletedinOctober2001,willcost670millionyuan(80.7millionU.S.dollars),includingalow-interestloanof30.17millionofferedbytheFrenchgovernment.
ThemajorityoftheloanwillbeusedtobuysomekeytechnologyandequipmentfromFranceforthenewpowerplant,anofficialsurnamedTaowhoisresponsiblefortheconstructionoftheplantandtheinstallationoftheequipmentwasquotedassaying.
TheplantwillkeepacloseeyeonthedischargeofwastegasandsmokeandfumeemissionsinaccordancewiththeemissionstandardssetbytheEuropeanUnion,saidtheofficial,addingthatthenewplantwillbecomeapilotprojectforneighboringareasofShanghaiandotherbigcitiesintermsofrubbishdisposal.
Shanghainowyieldsmorethan10,000tonsofhouseholdwasteeveryday,ofwhichabout80percentisburiedafterafermentingproceduretodecreaseharmfulelements.
ChinasFirstHome-MadeRubbishPowerPlantOperational
ChinasfirstpowerplantusinghomemadeequipmentforgeneratingelectricitywithrubbishwasputintooperationrecentlyineastChinasZhejiangProvince.
Costingatotalinvestmentof90millionyuan(US$10.84million),thisnon-government-runplantisabletohandle320tonsofrubbishperdayandgenerate25millionKWHofelectricityperyear.
Smokeandgasdischargedaftertreatment,testedbytheChineseAcademyofSciences,hasmeasureduptotheenvironmentalstandardsetbythecountry.
TheNon-governmentEnvironmentalProtectionMovementinChina
ONEnvironmentDay(June5)of1993,agroupofChineseintellectualssatintheruinsofapagodainthesuburbsofBeijing,anddiscussedthecurrentlamentablestateofChinasenvironment,andwhatcommoncitizenscoulddotosalvageandprotectit.Ayearlater,theFriendsofNature,thefirstnon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationinChina,wasfounded.Theorganization,withitsslogan"protectingandbeingfriendlytonature,"indicatesthecommonrecognitionamongChinesepeopleoftheneedforenvironmentalawareness.
Intheyearsthatfollowed,Chinesenon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsmushroomed.ThemostinfluentialonesincludetheFriendsofNature,theGreenEarthVolunteers,theGlobalVillageofBeijing(GVB),andSenol.Membersoftheseorganizationslooksquarelyatenvironmentpollutionandbravelyadmitthefactthattheprogressofindustrializationgeneratesnegativeeffects.Whilestrugglingtofindtheirownwaysofdealingwiththishugeproblem,theyalsohopetolearnfromtheexperienceofdevelopedcountriesinenvironmentalprotection.
In2000,theSophieAwardandtheMagsaysayAward,bothworld-renownedprizesforenvironmentalprotection,weregivenrespectivelytotwoChinese--LiaoXiaoyiandLiangCongjie.BothareleadersofChinesenon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizations.ThiseventgreatlyencouragedthosepushingforwardtheundertakingsofChineseenvironmentalprotection.
AdvocatingGreenLife新课标第一网
Membersofnon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsaremostlyintellectuals,sensitivetotheneedsoftheenvironment,withastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.Theymaynotbeenvironmentalprotectionprofessionals,butcompensateforthisintheirenthusiasmandcommitmenttothisundertaking.
TheFriendsofNatureisthemostinfluentialorganizationofitskindinChina.Itsmainareasofconcernare:theprotectionofworld-levelrareanimals--suchastheYunnanGoldenMonkeyanditshabitat,andpreventingitspotentialextinctionfromcommercialloggingintheforestitinhabits;theprotectionoftheTibetanantelope,andelicitinghelpworldwidetostopthekillingofthisendangeredanimal;protestingagainstthedestructivefellingofnaturalforests;andopenlycriticizingtheindustrialpollutionthatisspreadingallovertheChina.
TheGreenLectureisaformofeducationonenvironmentalprotectioninitiatedbytheFriendsofNature.PanWenshiandLuZhi,bothexpertsonpandas,Dr.JaneGoodall,anEnglishexpertonchimpanzees,andChagbaDoje,protectoroftheTibetanantelope,haveallgivenlectures,relatingmovingpersonalexperiencesabouthumanbeingsandnature.
TheFriendsofNaturehasitsownspecialcoach,decoratedwiththeimageofaTibetanantelope.Membersoftheorganizationsimplycallitthe"antelopevehicle."Atpresent,theFriendsofNatureiscooperatingwithS.O.F.,aGermanenvironmentalprotectionorganization,onaprogramnamedthe"AntelopeVehicleProject."Onthismobilepropagandacoach,childrencanplaygamesorwatchvideosaboutenvironmentalprotection.WiththesupportofProjectHope,the"antelopevehicle"alsogoestoschoolsinremotevillages.SinceformallystartingonMay31,2000,theprogramhasinitiatedactivitiesinnumerousschoolsinBeijing,HebeiProvince,InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,andShanxiProvince,andreceivedawarmreception.
ThemainactivityoftheGreenEarthVolunteers,commonlyknownastheGreenEarth,isplantingtreesindesertsandonbarrenmountainslopes.ThefootoftheBadalingGreatWallinBeijing,theEnbeigeDesertinInnerMongolia,andtheHukouWaterfallareainShanxiProvince,allbearthetracesofvolunteersfootprints,amongwhomtheyoungestisonlythreeyearsold.
BirdwatchingisanotheractivityinitiatedbytheGreenEarth,asameansofunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweenhumankindandnature.ProfessorZhaoXinruoftheBiologyDepartmentofBeijingNormalUniversityhas,since1997,attheinvitationofthebirdwatchinggroup,givenlecturesandinstructiontothegrouponbirdsandbirdidentification.Afteraperiodofstudy,groupmemberscannowdistinguishalmost100speciesofbirds,includingthewhooperswan,thelapwing,andtheheron.TheyhavealsotwiceparticipatedintheHongKongInternationalBirdWatchingContestandachievedimpressiveresults.AccordingtoWangYongchen,founderoftheGreenEarthandjournalistattheCentralPeoplesBroadcastingStation,theorganizationiscurrentlyengagedintheworkofbirdidentification,withtheaimofhelpingvolunteerstogainadeeperunderstandingofbirdsandtherelationshipsbetweenbirdsandhumanbeings.Throughherknowledgeobtainedfrombirdwatching,ZhongJia,avolunteerwiththeGreenEarth,hasfoundthatexcessivelandreclamationhascausedthebirdhabitatinBeidaihetoshrinkdramatically,hencethesteadydwindlingoftheirnumber.ZhongJiamadeanappealbasedonherfindingstotherelevantdepartment,toprotectthisworld-famousbirdwatchingsite.HeractionconcursexactlywiththeGreenEarthsguideline,i.e.providingascientificbasisforthedepartmentconcernedtostipulatepoliciesonmanagingbirdresourcesandtheirhabitat.In2000,theGreenEarthparticipatedinworkattheBeidaihebirdidentificationstation,thusbecomingthefirstbirdidentificationgroupmainlymadeupofvolunteers.新课标第一网
Unlikeotherenvironmentalprotectionorganizations,theGlobalVillageofBeijing(GVB)isparticularlyconcernedwithhumanbeingsandtheircommunity,ratherthancertainspeciesofanimals,plantsorwaterresources.GVBmainlyengagesinpublicizingthe5R(Reduce,Reevaluate,Reuse,Recycle,andRescue)greenlifestyle.LiaoXiaoyi,founderoftheGVB,saysthattheirmainthrustistohelppeoplemakethedecisionvoluntarilytochooseanature-friendlywayoflife,exercisetheirrights,andstandbytheirobligationtoprotecttheenvironment.SincethedaytheGVBwasfounded,Liaoandhercolleagueshavemadeinvestigationsintogarbagesortingindifferentcommunities,andhelpedneighborhoodcommitteesinBeijingsXichengDistricttoestablishpilotgarbagesortingstations.TheGVBhasalsocooperatedwiththeenvironmentalprotectiondepartmenttoestablishChinasfirstpilotgreencommunityintheJiangongnanliCommunityofBeijingsXuanwuDistrict.LiaoXiaoyisdreamistomakegreencommunitiesintothemostbeautifullandscapeinChinainthe21stcentury.
Moreandmorestudentsarejoiningthisdrivetoprotectourenvironment.Environmentalprotectionorganizationsmadeupofstudentvolunteersplayavitalroleinarousingpublicenvironmentawarenessandsocialresponsibility.SenolisthemostinfluentialschoolenvironmentalprotectiongroupinBeijing.Itwasfoundedin1994bytwostudentsfromtheBeijingForestryUniversity.
SenolparticipatedinthecampaigntoprotecttheYunnangoldenmonkey,andintheinvestigationandexplorationoftheBeimaSnowMountaininwesternChina.Whenapairofwildgeeselaideggsonamid-lakeislandinPurpleBambooParkinBeijing,membersofSenolpitchedtentsthere,guardingthebirdsinshiftsforamonth,inordertopreventtheeggsbeingtakenawaybyvisitors,andtoensurethatthegoslingshatchedsafely.Manypeopleweremovedbytheirefforts,andbegantoreevaluatetheroleofhumanbeingswithinnature.
Manyindividualshaveattractedpublicattentionintheirdedicationtoenvironmentalprotection.In1989,YangXin,aphotographerontheYangtzeRiverraftingexpedition,beganrecordingchangesinthebiologicalenvironmentontheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Helaterinitiatedacampaigntoprotecttheriverwiththeslogan,"protectthesourceoftheYangtzeRiverandcarefornature."Thisactivityarousedtheconcernofpeoplefromallwalksoflife.AGreenWorldTour,writtenbyTangXiyang,adistinguishedenvironmentalistwriter,isregardedastheencyclopediaofChinasnatureconservation,andamasterpieceonenvironmentalprotectioneducation.
ThereareseveralprogramsonenvironmentaleducationonChineseTV,suchas,"StoriesoftheEarth,""EnvironmentalProtectionHour,"and,"AnimalWorld."Therearealsopublications,includingpapersandmagazines,advocatingenvironmentalprotection.
GreenBridge
OntheafternoonofJanuary12,2001,thelocalresidentsandthemunicipaldepartmentconcernedattheChunshuyuansubdistrictofficeofBeijingsXuanwuDistrictheldahearingongarbagesorting.AMr.Anexplainedhowhesortedhisgarbage,separatingitemsmadeoftin,plastic,andpaper,athome.Healsoopenlycriticizedtheshortcomingsofgovernmentworkonenvironmentalprotection,andmadeconstructivesuggestions.Manyresidentsspokeupatthehearing,demonstratinghowenvironmentalawarenesshastakenrootinpeoplesconsciousness.
InNovember2000,themunicipalgovernmentofBeijingadoptedGreenEarthssuggestiontocarryoutgarbagesortingthroughoutthecity,andreceivedapositiveresponsefromthepublic.LiaoXiaoyi,initiatorofthehearingmentionedabove,believesthatmeetingssuchasthisarethebestchannelsofcommunicationbetweenthegovernmentandthecommonpeople.Theyindicatethatgreencommunitiesmayfulfilltheirfunctionsofmonitoringlawenforcement,andprovidingsuggestionsforthegovernmentspolicymaking.
"Non-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsarebridgesbetweenthegovernmentandthemasses.Theydevelopedrapidlyduringthe1990sinChina,andplayavitalroleinmobilizingcitizenstoparticipateinenvironmentalprotectionundertakings,"saysQuGeping,chairmanoftheEnvironmentandResourcesProtectionCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongress,whostartedworkonenvironmentalprotectionasearlyasthe1970s,andwhohaswonmanyawardsfromtheUnitedNations.
LiangCongjiecomparesthegovernmenttoahousewifeinabigfamily.Hesays,"Ifonlythemotherofthefamilydoesthecleaning,whileotherfamilymembersthoughtlesslymessuphergoodwork,thennomatterhowconscientioussheis,itisimpossibleforhertokeepacleanhouse.Andahousewifealsoneedssupervisionandcriticism."
5R5Circles
Today,theOlympicGamesarenotsimplyasportscontest,butaneventcloselyrelatedtosuchfactorsascultureandtheenvironment.TheChinese,whoareactivelybiddingtohostthe2008OlympicGames,arewellawareofthis.InOctober2000,theBeijing2008OlympicGamesBiddingCommittee,theBeijingEnvironmentalProtectionBureau,andmorethan20Beijing-basednon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsjointlysignedtheActionPlanfortheGreenOlympics.
TheGlobalVillageofBeijingintroducedthe5R5Circlesconcept.AccordingtotheGVB,thespiritof5RshouldbetransposedtotheOlympicGames.FiveCirclesreferstotheOlympicGamesflag.LiaoXiaoyibelievesthatBeijingsOlympicBidisagoodopportunityforChinatodisseminatethe5Rlifestyle--awayoflifethattheGVBhasproposedfromtheverystart.
TosupporttheGreenOlympicsmovement,theGVBhasconductedaseriesofactivitiesundertheslogan"GreenOlympicsandGreenLife."TheysponsoredspeciallecturesonenvironmentalprotectionatUniversities,publicizingtherelationshipbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandBeijingsOlympicBid,anddiscussingeasterncultureandtheessenceoftheOlympicGames.TheGVBalsomobilizedcollegestudentsinBeijingtopublicizegarbagesorting,theutilizationofrecycledpaper,andthebanningofdisposablefast-foodcontainers.MembersoftheGVBaresteadfastlypracticingwhattheypreach,sidebysidewiththestudentstheyrecruited.
ALongWaytoGo
Almostallnon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsfacetheproblemoffunding.InChinaparticularly,asuitableeconomicenvironmentfornon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsisyettobecreated.LiaoXaoyisays,"Atpresent,theshortcomingswithinoursystemoftaxationconstitutethebiggestbarrierinthedevelopmentofnon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizations.Thegovernmentgivesnotaxbenefitstoenterprisesthatmakedonationstosuchorganizations."
Thegreenbridgepathdoesnotalwaysrunsmooth.TheFriendsofNatureonceappealedfornofurtherexpansionoftheCapitalIronandSteelCompanyinthedowntownarea,butreceivednoresponseonthisissue.
AsfastasChinesenon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsmaydevelop,theyarestillfarshortofChinasneed.Comparedwiththeirforeigncounterpartsinregardtoeducatingthemasses,supervisingtheimplementationofenvironment-relatedlawsandregulations,andpushingforwardthepolicy-makingofthegovernment,Chinesenon-governmentenvironmentalprotectionorganizationsstillhavealongwaytogo.
ThisiscurrentsituationregardingChinasenvironmentalprotection.Ontheonehand,somepeoplealreadyacknowledgehowcrucialenvironmentalprotectionis,andunderstandthatitrequiresafundamentalchangeinlifestyle.Ontheother,manypeopleareindifferenttoongoingenvironmentaldamage.ItisobviousthatenvironmentalprotectionwillremainanuphilltaskfortheChineseinthe21stcentury-onethatendorsestheimperativeneedfortheexistenceofsuchorganizations.
Period7Writing(WritingandTask,Page38)
Thepurposeofthiswritingisforstudentstodescribeoneenvironmentalproblemandsaywhatweshoulddoaboutit.It’sagoodopportunityforadiscussionabouttheproblemsandthesolutions.Afterthediscussion,theycanwritedowntheproblemsandthewaytosolvethem.
Step1Leadin
T:Lastclasswehavereadsomematerialsaboutenvironmentalprotection.Doyouknowsomemajorenvironmentalproblems?
S1:airpollution,petrolpollution,wastewaterandnoisepollution.
T:OK.Therearemanytypesofpollution.Butchooseamajoronearoundyouandfindoutthesolutiontosolveit.Nowdiscusstheprobleminpairsandwritedowninafewsentences.
T:Haveyoufinishedit?I’llasksomeofyoutoreadyourshortpassage.
S1:Onemajorenvironmentalproblemisindoorairpollution.Therearemanysourcesofindoorairpollution.Tobaccosmoke,cookingandheatingappliances,andvaporsfrombuildingmaterials,paints,furniture,etc.causepollutioninsidebuildings.Airpollutioncanaffectourhealthinmanywayswithbothshort-termandlong-termeffects.Soweshouldn’tstayintheroomforalongtime.Weneedtogooutdoorstobreathefreshairanddosomeexercises.
S2:Onemajorenvironmentalproblemisblackcarbonpollution..Blackcarbonpollutionisthereleaseoftinyparticlesintotheairfromburningfuelforenergy.Nowitconstitutesaseriousandwidespreadproblem,notonlytohumanhealth,butalsototheentireglobalenvironment.Wemustfindanewandless-pollutedenergytoreplacecoal.
T:Excellent!NowturntoPage40.
Step2Task
Thepurposeofthiswritingtaskisforthestudentstodesignaposterthatencouragespeopletolookaftertheenvironment.
T:Readthroughthepassagesthatwehavereadinthismoduleandfindoutseventhingsyoucandoinyoureverydaylifeforenvironmentalprotection.
T:Haveyoufoundthem?
S1:Weshouldputwastepaperinaspecialbaginordertorecycleit.
S2:Weshouldtrytoavoidusingplasticbags.
S3:Wewillputourleftoverfoodintoaspecialcan.
S4:Iwon’tsteponthegrassanymore.
S5:Iwon’tcatchthebird.
S6:Iwillpersuadepeoplewhosmokenottosmoke.
S7:Iwilljoinanorganizationthatprotectstheenvironment.
T:Nowpreparealargepieceofpaper.Thinkofaheadingforyourposter.
(Theteachergoesaroundtheclassroomtohelpstudents)
T:Nowshowyourheadingstothewholeclass.
S1:SAVEOUREARTH
S2:SAVETHEBIRDS
S3:KEEPOFFTHEGRASS
S4:NOSMOKING
S5:LEFTOVERFOODHERE
T:Nowcompletetheposterwithafewsentencesusingpicturesifnecessary.
(Askseveralstudentstoshowtheirposters)
Showsampleposter:
SAVEOUREARTH
Planttreeseveryyear.
Keepoffthegrass.
Rideabikeorwalktoworkorschool.
Nosmoking.
Don’tthrowawayrubbish.
Step3Writing
AskstudentstoreadthemessageonanInternetenvironmentdiscussiongroupandfindoutthedetailedinformation.ThenwriteamessagetotheInternetenvironmentdiscussiongrouptoshowyouropinionsaboutanenvironmentalproblem.
T:NowreadthemessageandanswerthethreequestionsontopofPage90,Activity17.
(Afterreadthepassage)
T:Haveyoufoundtheanswers?Nowwe’llchecktheanswers.Nowwe’llcometoActivity18.
Firstyoushouldchooseatopicandthenfollowtheinstructionstowriteamessage.
Step4Suggestedmessage:
I’mveryconcernedaboutglobalclimatechange.It’saveryseriousglobalproblemtoday.
FromwhatIunderstand,therearemanyfactorsforglobalwarming.Thedoublingatmosphericcarbondioxide,agreenhousegas,wouldcauserisingoceantemperatures,whichwillcauseanincreaseinevaporation.Theaddedwatervapor,alsoagreenhousegas,willenhancethegreenhouseeffect,whichwouldfurtherincreaseglobalwarming.
Thereisevidencethatfornearlytwohundredyearsourplanethasbeenwarming.Thisisseennotonlyinclimateobservations,butalsoinsomephysicalandbiologicalindicatorsofenvironmentalchange.Somescientists,supportedbyconcernedenvironmentalorganizationssuchasGreenpeaceandtheWorldWildLifeFund,haveconcludedthatmanyofthepatternsassociatedwiththiswarmingcanbeattributedtothegrowingimpactofhumanactivityontheplanet.
Theyhaveforecastthatoverthenexthundredyearswewillcreateaclimateonearththatwillbewarmerthananysofarexperiencedbythehumanspecies.Theybelievethatthisrateofchangemaybeunprecedentedinthehistoryofourplanetandwillbesogreatthatmanyofourecosystemsandwildlifespecieswillfailtoadapt.
Inrecentyears,moreandmorepeoplearepayingattentiontothisproblem.Butfewofthemtakethemeasures.Weneedtostoppeoplefromdoingit.Weshoulddoallthatwecantoreducesuchpollution.
一名合格的教师要充分考虑学习的趣味性,高中教师要准备好教案,这是每个高中教师都不可缺少的。教案可以让学生们充分体会到学习的快乐,帮助高中教师提前熟悉所教学的内容。所以你在写高中教案时要注意些什么呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《模块一 第三单元 陆地和海洋 教学案(大纲版)》,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
第三单元 陆地和海洋
第7讲 地壳物质的组成与循环 地壳变动与地表形态
考点一 地壳物质的组成与循环
强化专练
1.下图是地壳物质循环示意图,字母表示各种岩石和地壳物质循环的过程,读后回答下列问题。
(1)在字母a、b、c所代表的岩石中,具有气孔构造的是 ,具有片理构造的是 ,具有层理构造的是 ,花岗岩采自 岩类中,大理石采自 岩类中,石油采自 岩类中。
(2)在字母d、e、f、g中,表示冷凝作用的是 ,表示重熔再生作用的是 ,表示变质作用的是 ,表示外力作用的是 。
答案 (1)a c b a c b(2)d g f e
考点二 地壳运动、板块构造与构造地貌
子 强化专练
2.读图,回答下列问题。
(1)图示地质构造类型有:甲 ,乙 ,丙 。
(2)该地地壳受到了 方向力的作用,属于 力(拉张力或挤压力)。当时的地壳运动表现为 运动和 运动,起主导作用的是 。
(3)甲构造顶部岩层缺失的原因是: 。
(4)图示构造顶部上方又沉积了新的岩层,说明该地区又经历了 运动。
(5)如果在这里修建一条东西向的地下隧道,应该选择甲地还是乙地? 。理由是
。
答案 (1)背斜 向斜 断层
(2)南北水平 挤压 水平 垂直 水平
(3)地壳上升,背斜顶部因受张力作用,岩石破碎受侵蚀而成
(4)下沉
(5)甲 甲处是背斜构造,天然拱形,不易塌陷,不易储存地下水,开凿容易,安全稳定
考点三 地质作用和地貌
子 强化专练
3.下图中,由流水沉积作用形成的是( )
答案 A
……
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命题视角1 板块构造及其应用
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