一名优秀的教师就要对每一课堂负责，高中教师要准备好教案，这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以更好的帮助学生们打好基础，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。您知道高中教案应该要怎么下笔吗？小编为此仔细地整理了以下内容《高三英语教案：《语法定语从句》教学设计》，欢迎您阅读和收藏，并分享给身边的朋友！

【考纲解读】

定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。

定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

【知识要点】

一、定语从句的意义?

形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?

定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??

二、关系词的用法?

引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?

关系副词有when，where，why等。?

关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.关系代词的用法：?

1)由who引导的定语从句?

关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?

教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)?

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?

能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)?

2)由whom引导的定语从句?

关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?

The man whom you met on the street is my father.?

你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。(关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略)?

The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?

昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略)??

3)由that引导的定语从句?

关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语;既可指人，又可指物。如：?

She is the woman that often comes here.?

她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人)?

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?

桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)?

Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)?

The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?

4)由which引导的定语从句?

关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：?

He came late，which made the teacher angry.?

他来晚了，这使老师很生气。(which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语)?

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?

那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略)5)由whose引导的定语从句?

关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?

This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定语，指人)?

注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：?

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。

2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?

1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?

先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?

任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??

先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?

Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。?

一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?

The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.

昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?

2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?

There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。?

There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。?

当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?

This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。

以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：?

Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?

Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。?

It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：?

It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。?

It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。?

当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?

This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?

She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?

在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?

He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?

他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?

我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?

当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：?

This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。?

The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?

在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??

当先行词前有序数词时。如：?

You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。?

This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。?

当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?

Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗??

当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?

我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?

Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?

让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?

当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：?

Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?

I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?

当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他??

3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?

This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。?

I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?

4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?

请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?

(先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了)?

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?

(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent)?

5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：?

The story which I read last night is very interesting.?

我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。

3.关系副词的用法?

1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?

我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗??

注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：?

Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。?

2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?

This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。?

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?

注：where有时也可以省略。如：?

This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。?

3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：?

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?

注：why时常也可以省略。如：?

That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。

4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?

1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?

when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?

where = in (at，on...)+which;?

why = for which.如：?

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?

他到的时候，当时我正在北京。?

The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?

他工作的办公室在?三楼。??

This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?

2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：?

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?

我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?

我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?

3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。??

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?

在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如：

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?

他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?

(qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)?

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?

你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。( talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”)?

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)

2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：?

This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?

This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。

3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。?

He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?

他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。?

The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?

那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。?

注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：?

This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?

The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。

4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?

1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。?

This is the room which we lived in last year.?

This is the room in which we lived last year.?

This is the room where we lived last year.?

2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?

I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?

I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?

通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：?

那就是他工作的大学。?

四、定语从句的种类以及区别

1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

和先行词的关系密切(删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)

不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开

可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导

可以省略(that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略) 不可以省略

可以替代(whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代) 不能替代

只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。

请看下面例句的不同含义：?

限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。?

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?

非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。?

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?

体会下列非限制性定语从句?

Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?

昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来?很忙。??

We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?

我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。

2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?

which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：??

1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：?

which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：?

As he realized，I was very useful to him.?

(在前)正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。?

Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空气，众所周知，是一种气体。?

He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?

(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?

He came late again，which made his boss angry.?

(在后)他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。?

在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：?

He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?

He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?

(was 不可省略)他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。?

当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如：?

He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?

他改变了主意，这使我很生气。?

She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?

出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。?

而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：?

Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。?

As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?

今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。?

作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?

He married her，which was natural.?

(可用as代替which)他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。??

He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?

(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。?

当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：?

They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?

他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?

We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?

我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。?

Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?

妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。?

当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：

Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?

事与愿违，这是常有的事。?

As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?

这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。?

Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?

正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?

The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。?

as we know众所周知?

as has been said above/before正如前文所述?

as has been pointed out正如已经指出的?

as might be imagined可以想像得到?

当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：?

These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?

这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。?

The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?

泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?

带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：?

There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。?

The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?

我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。?

2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：?

先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：?

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?

前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：?

There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?

前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：?

Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?

认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??

I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?

He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。?

前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：?

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?

我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?

This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?

I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。?

总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题

1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：?

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?

2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：?

The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?

长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?

3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：?

Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?

中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。?

4.其他情况?

I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。?

To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?

每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。?

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??

你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗???

【考点诠释】

定语从句

考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择

介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：

①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。

②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。

③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。

考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定

1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。

(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：

You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。

(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：

As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。

(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：

As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。

特别提示

主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：

(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：

①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)

②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)

(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：

①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)

②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)

2.which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。

(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：

He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不错.，这使得他的老板很满意。

(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：

She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。

(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人

已下班了。

特别提示

高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用;如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：

①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。

②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)

考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：

①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)

②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)

考点4 定语从句的间隔现象

定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：

①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?

(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)

②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时;(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：

①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)

②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)

③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)

有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。

1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的

钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)

②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)

2.定语从句与强调句的区别

定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强

调句。如：

It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)

(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)

3.定语从句与状语从句的区别

定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子;并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词;通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。

以where为例来说明：

①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)

②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)

【试题放送】

【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

【答案】

【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。

【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。

【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词

【答案】C

【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。

【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. This

【答案】A

【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】

【考点】考查定语从句。

【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】 B

【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【答案】B

【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。

【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。

【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.

—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.

A.as B.which C.where D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the conditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。

【河南省郑州市2012届英语信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.

A. where B. which C. why D. when

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。

【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(导航仪)to the car_________we can find our way easily.

A. which B. that C. from which D. with which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a navigational aid为先行词，其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。

【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处a note是先行词，其在定语从句中作from的宾语。

相当于：he will learn how to find you from the note。

【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】26.-----How about your job-hunting?

-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.

A. which B. where C.when D. that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the stage是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意：现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。

【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.

A.which B.what C.where D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。

【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.

A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处life story是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。

【2012届江西省六校联考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

【答案】 C

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing 是先行词，在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。

【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.

A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。

【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【答案】C 考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。

【2012届浙江省重点中学协作体4月调研】14. ---When did the young man save you?

---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词the first day在定语从句中作宾语。

精选阅读

高三英语教案：《定语从句备考复习》教学设计

一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划，作为高中教师就要在上课前做好适合自己的教案。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容，减轻高中教师们在教学时的教学压力。高中教案的内容具体要怎样写呢？下面是小编精心收集整理，为您带来的《高三英语教案：《定语从句备考复习》教学设计》，希望能为您提供更多的参考。

【2012年高考命题预测】

定语从句也是高考英语的重要语法，是历年考查的热点。2012年高考对定语从句的考查主要体现在：1、关系代词that和which的区别;2、关系代词which和as的区别;3、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句;4、定语从句与其他从句的区别。

【重难点突破】

【概述】定语从句是一种作定语用的从句，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词;定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。

⒈ 定语从句要跟在先行词的后面。

⒉ 定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。

⒊ 引导定语从句的关系词有两种：

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等

关系副词：when, where, why 等

⒋ 关系词的作用：引导定语从句;代替先行词;在定语从句中作成分。

一、 定语从句中关系词的使用：

⒈ 如果修饰人，一般用关系代词who, whom, whose 或that。在定语从句中作主语的一般用who或that, 作宾语的一般用whom, who或that, 作定语并具有物主性质的用whose。(在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可省略)关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

(2011?四川卷)17.The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.【B】

A.which B.whose C.when D.where[来源:Zxxk.Com]

(2011?福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.【A】

A.which B.where C.what D.who

⒉ 如果修饰事物，用关系代词which 和that，作宾语时可省略。作介词宾语时，如果介词位于关系代词之前，则用which (不能省) ，而不用that(关系代词that既能代人，又能代物)。whose也可用来指物(此时可用of which来代替)，在定语从句中作定语。

(2011?全国新课标卷)31.The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.【C】

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011?江西卷)34.She showed he visitors around the museum, the construction______ has taken more than three years.【C】

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

3. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。

(2011?天津卷)10.The days are gone _____ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.【A】

A.when B.that C.where D.which[来源:学科网ZXXK]

4. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，有时也可用介词+which来代替。

(2011?陕西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 【B】

A.which B.where C.who D.that

5. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，常可用for+ which来代替。

Do you know the reason why/for which he came so late?

判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

判断改错：

(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited la st year.

(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where　B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where　B. that　 C. on whichD. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

二、 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，对先行词有修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意义将不完整或失去意义;非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不太密切，只对先行词有附加说明作用，如去掉，主句的意思仍完整;限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰的先行词可是名词，名词词组或代词;而非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可修饰主句的某一个词，也可以修饰整个句子。另外，在关系词的使用上：限制性定语从句作宾语时可以省略，在非限制性定语从句中不可省略;限制性定语从句中可用that，而非限制性定语从句中不可使用that。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011?湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently. 【C】

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

(2010重庆)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world. 【C】

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

(10全国Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____was someone else’s fault. 【B】

A. who B. that C. as D. what

定语从句的常见考点：

⒈ one of + the +复数名词　后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况：

跟定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致，通常用复数。但如果这一结构前面有the only之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。

This is one of the books that are required for study at school.

He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

⒉ 定语从句中用that而不用which的情况：

1)、先行词是不定代词时，如：everything, anything, any, something, little, much等。

We should do all that is useful to the people.

2)、先行词被all, every, no, some, any, much等词修饰时。

I have read all the books that you gave me.　。

3)、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.

4)、先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。

This is the very book that I want to find.

5)、先行词既有人又有物时。

They are talking about the factory, the leaders and the workers that they visited yesterday.

6)、主句是以who 或which 开头的疑问句时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

7)、关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时。

My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

⒊ 定语从句中宜用which而不用that 的情况：

1)、当关系代词前面有介词时。

Is this the room in which he lives?

2)、在非限制性定语从句中。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .【A】

A.which B.what C.them D.those

3)、当关系代词后面有插入语时。

Here is the English grammar book which, as I had told you, will help improve your English.

在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系词用了that，另一个宜用which。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened to us.

给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的一本小说。

⒋ 关系代词as 和which的选用：

在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面，而which引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面;在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如…，就象…”，而which定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which从句是对主句的评论。

The room hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.

He was late again, as we had expected.他又迟到了，正如我们所料。

另外，在such…as…, the same…as…, as…as, so…as等结构中，as引导定语从句，此时不能用which代替。(这种定语从句常采用省略形式)

I have never seen such a lazy man as you.我从来没见过你这样懒的人。

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.　这个大石块太大没人能把它举起来。

⒌ 先行词为situation、case、occasion、point时，常用where引导定语从句。

Can you point out a situation where this word can be used?　你能指出这个单词使用的场合吗

You have got to the point where a change is needed.　你已经发展到非改不可的地步了。

⒍ 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词要和先行词的性、数保持一致。

(2011?山东卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.【D】

A.they B.where C.what D.that

⒎ 定语从句中不要重复了关系代词或关系副词所替代的部分。

误：Thi s is the place that I have visited it.

这就是我参观过的那个地方。

应去掉it, 因that 代替先行词the place 在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就是多余的了。

⒏ 定语从句中不要加多余的关系副词或介词。

误：The house where he lives in needs repairing.

应删去关系副词where, 因为where在这里的意思是in which, 否则介词in就重复了。或保留where, 删去从句里的in.

由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

1. 由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体，在非正式文体中通常将介词放至句末。如：This is the man to whom I referred. 我指的就是这个人。This is the man (whom) I referred to. 我指的就是这个人。

2. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that，直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成that, who，或者省略不同。如：这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which不能换成that，也不能省略)This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. 这是一个我们讨论了许多的问题。(which可以换成that，也可以省略)

3. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。如： That is the day when [=on which] he was born. 那就是他出生的日子。That is the house where [=in which] he lived. 那就是他住过的房子。That is the reason why [=for which] he must apologize. 那就是他必须道歉的原因。4. 在很正式的文体中，“介词

4. +关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。如：在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。正：There the children had a garden in which to play. (很正式)正：There the children had a garden in which they could play. (较正式)正：There the children had a garden to play in. (较口语化)注：这类“介词+关系代词++不定式”结构中的介词不能没有，也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.

定语从句关系词省略的6种情形

定语从句中关系词省略的6种情形关系词有时可以省略，但这只限于限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系词则不可省略。

一、关系代词作宾语时的省略当关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：在定语从句中用作动词宾语或介词位于句末时的介词宾语时，可以省略。如：Is there anything (which) you wanted? 想要什么东西吗? Who is the man (that / who / whom) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁?

二、关系代词作表语时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作表语时，可以省略。如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。(that作表语)

三、关系代词作宾补时的省略当关系代词that在定语从句中用作宾语补足时，可以省略。如：I’m not the madman (that) you thought me. 我并不是你所认为的那个疯子。(that作宾语补语)

四、关系副词when的省略用作时间状语的关系副词when通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于day, year, time等少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)也可换成。如：That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 就是那一年我第一次出国了。I’ll never forget the day (that) we met. 我永远也忘不了我们见面的那一天。

五、关系副词where的省略用作地点状语的关系副词where通常不能省略，但有一种特殊情况，即用于place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere少数几个词后时可以省略(也可换成that)。如：This is the place (where) they met yesterday. 这就是他们昨天碰头的地方。Have you somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour? 你有没有一个什么地方可以让我躺一个小时?

六、关系副词why的省略关系副词why通常只用于the reason后引导定语从句，且通常可换成that或for which，均可省略。如：That’s the reason (why, for which, that) he came.

这就是他来的原因。

Give me one reason (why) we should help you. 给我举出一个我们应当帮助你的理由。 absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。

定语从句的考查

一、疑问句中考查定语从句

1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week?

A. whereB. the one　C. on whichD. /

【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。

二、倒装句中考查定语从句

2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.

A. whichB. thatC. /D. where

【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。

三、 拆分词组和固定搭配

3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.

A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that

4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life?

A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where

【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。

四、添加插入语或状语

5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I belie ve is of great importance.

A. thatB. /C. whichD. why

【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。

五、插入非谓语动词

6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________

the radio for me?

A. who;repairedB. that;repaired

C. whom;repairing　D. that;repair

【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.

典型高考英语陷阱题详解

1. The factory was built in a secret place, around ______ high mountains.

A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A 、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。

【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一 个由"介词+which"引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目(答案均为C)：

(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _______ some fruit shops.

A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are

(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside ______ the city police station.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

(3) Next month we'll move to a new building, next to _______ a nice restaurant where we can have Chinese food.

A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are

2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"

A. that B. which C. where D. what

【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。

【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为"在附近";其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤?

3. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。

【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：

_______ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。

再比较下面一组题，其中第(1)题选 B，第(2)题选 D：

(1) ______ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

(2) ______ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.

A. Which B. As C. That D. It

4. David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such ... that ...句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。

【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such ... that ... (如此......以至......)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such ... that ...，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为"所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩"。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：

David is such a good boy _______ all the teachers like him.

A. that B. who C. as D. whom

请再做以下试题(答案选D)：

It was not such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.

A. like B. that C. which D. as

5. The buses, most of _______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 the buses.

【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地，以下各题也选D：

(1) His house, for _______ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(2) Ashdown forest, through _______ we'll be driving, isn't a forest any longer.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

(3) This I did at nine o'clock, after _______ I sat reading the paper.

A. that B. it C. them D. which

类似地，以下各题选 whom，不选 them：

(4) George, with _______ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.

A. that B. him C. them D. whom

(5) Her sons, both of ______ work abroad, will come back home this summer.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _______ were still university students.

A. that B. who C. them D. whom

6. He had thousands of students, many of ______ gained great success in their own field.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.

【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of... 的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题(答案均选A)：

(1) He asked a lot of questions, none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

(2) He asked a lot of questions, and none of ______ was easy to answer.

A. them B. which C. what D. that

(3) He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

(4) He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _______ knew anything about the other.

A. them B. whom C. which D. who

7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of ______ invited to his wedding.

A. whom B. them C. which D. who

【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：

(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的 carried out 为过去分词。

(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were.

(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _______ were carried out in their work.

A. which B. them C. what D. that

答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。

8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：

(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B. whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语 were seated.

(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _______ parents were seated together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选A.因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。

(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选A. their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。

(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents sat together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B. whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 sat.

(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _______ parents were sitting together joking.

A. their B. whose C. which D. that

选B. whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语 were sitting.

9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。

【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选 that，而不选 which：

(1) If you promise to go with us, _____ will be OK.

A. as B. which C. and it D. that

(2) If you want a double room, _____ will cost another ￡15.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

(3) Whether you go or not, _______ is quite all right with me.

A. that B. which C. and it D. so

(4) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as B. which C. what D. that

10. She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she's spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.

【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词;若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：

She says that she'll never forget the time ________ she works as a secretary in our company.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：

(1) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we bought last month.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。

(2) Our company will move to a tall building _______ has just been complete.

A. which B. when C. how D. where

选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。

(3) Our company will move to a tall building _______ we worked two years ago.

A. where B. when C. that D. which

选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。

【高考真题剖析】

(2011?江苏卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.When B.Where C.that D.which

答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句____ the audience can buy ice-cream.中不缺少成分，先行词an interval表时间，所以选择A。

(2011?浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures ,each of____ uses it somewhat differently .

A.which B.what C.them D.those

答案【A】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句each of____ uses it somewhat differently .中介词of后缺少宾语。所以选择A。

(2010重庆)28. In china, the number of cities is increa sing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

答案【C】考查定语从句。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。所以选择C。

(10福建)24. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.

A. that B. where C. which D. whose24. 答案：B

考点：定语从句

解析：先行词为planet，表示地点，故用where。

(10湖南) 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year.

A. who B. where C. when D. which

28. 答案：A

考点：考查定语从句。

解析：该空引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词the students，且在从句中作met的宾语，故选关系代词who，即A项。

(10江西) 31 The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ she would stay for an hour.

A where B who C which D what

答案：A

考点：考察定语从句。

解析：先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。

(10山东)24. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

A. that B. which C. whose D. What

答案：C

考点：本题考查定语从句的引导词。

解析：句意应为“那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。

38. Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.

A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which

答案：C

考点：此处考查的是介词加疑问词引导从句

解析：考察介词+which的用法。=Wind power is an ancient source of energy whichthat

we may return to in the near future.

(10天津)8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only 15.

A. as B. which C. where D. that

答案：C.

考点：考查定语从句。

句意：—你能相信我理一次发得花20美元吗?—你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。

解析：句中the barber’s 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。

(10四川)10.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision.

A.that B.which C.when D.where

答案：B

考点：考查定语从句。

解析：此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”

(10全国Ⅰ)24. As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather.

A. which B. where C. what D. that

24题 答案：A

句意：还是孩子的时候，Jack 在以他祖父命名的乡村学校学习。

解答：根据选项此题考察从句，空格设置在名词school后，且school后有逗号，此题考察非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school，它在定于从句中做主语，因此使用关系代词，选项中的关系代词只有which和that，由于是非限定性定语从句，不能使用that，因此选择A。

(10江苏)32. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

A. that B. it C. what D. which

选D定语从句表示咖啡屋的墙

(陕西)11. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

A. where B. which C. its D . Whose

11. 答案：D.

考点：考查定语从句。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]

解析：所填词引导定语从句，先行词是the old temple，关系词在从句中做roof的定语，用关系代词whose，选D。其余选项与题意不符。

(10全国Ⅱ)16. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.

A. who B. that C. as D. what[来源:Zxxk.Com]

答案：B

考点：定语从句。

解析：不定代词something作主语，用that引导。

(10湖北)77. My mother was so proud of all ________(我所做的)that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)

77. 答案：that I had done

考点：定语从句

解析：先行词是 “all”的时候，定语从句只能由 “that”引导，又因为主句是一般过去时，“我”所做的事情是过去已经完成的事情，所以要用过去完成时。

80. ________(正如我们强调的那样)many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress)

80. 答案：As we have stressed

考点：非限定性定语从句

解析：当句子以整个主句作为先行词，又放在主句前的非限定性定语从句只能由 “as”来引导，主句的内容作定语从句谓语动词的宾语

(北京)27. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

A. what B. whose C. which D. that

27. 答案：B

考点: 本题考查定语从句关系副词的选择。

解析：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。较简单。本定语从句不缺成分，为主系表结构，因此只能在考虑填关系副词。A中的What不能引导定语从句。选B. whose谁的，符合题意。

(重庆)28. In china, the number of cities is increasing ________development is recognized across the world.

A. where B. which C. whose D. that

28. 答案C

考点：考查定语从句。

解析： development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展被全世界意识到。

(10浙江)3.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village home s for a better life in the city.

A.whom B.which C.them D.those

答案：A

考点：本题考查定语从句引导词。

解析：由many之后的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。

真题练习

(09安徽)1. A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.

A. how B. whom

C. when D. which

【答案】C

(09安徽)2. Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.

A. their B. whose

C. of them D. with whom

【答案】B

(09北京)3. —What do you think of teacher ,Bob?

—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .

A. where B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B

(09福建)4. It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

A. that B. when C. which D. where

【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where，选D。

(09湖南)5.I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.

A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

【答案】D 考查定语从句。先行词在定语从句中充当定语，意思为这个城市的名字。

(09江西)6. The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.

A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

【答案】B 考查定语从句。The house ( which / that I grew up in ) , 主语后面紧跟的是定语从句。

(09海南)7. She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.

A. them B. who

C. whom D. these

【答案】C。 考查定语从句中的非限制性定语从句。句意为：她带着她的三个朋友，他们三个中没有一个人我曾见过。表示“部分的词语+of+关系代词” 在非限制性定语从句指人只能用whom。

(09山东)8. Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

A. who B. which C. when D. that

【答案】B非限制性定语从句，指代前面一个句子，故用which.

(09陕西)9. Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time.

A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

【答案】C 考查定语从句，先行词是Gun control，指物，关系词在从句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配argue about sth，选C。

(09四川)10. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】D 考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间(她呆在那里期间)，when指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状语。

(09天津)11. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]

【答案】C

(09天津)12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.

A. as B. which C. when D. though

【答案】A

(09浙江)13.I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which B. where C. how D. why

【答案】B

(09重庆)14. Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why B. what

C. that D. where

【答案】D

(09全国2 )15. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

【答案】A 考查非限制性定语从句(这儿的which指代前面整句话内容。

(2011全国卷I) 31.The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A.that B.which C.whose D.what

(2011全国卷II)7.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A.this B.that C.what D.which

(2011北京卷)26.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

(2011上海卷) 39.You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

A.which B.where C.when D.as

(2011山东卷)32.The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A.they B.where C.what D.that

(2011江西卷)34.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

A.for which B.with which C.of which D.to which

(2011江苏卷)24.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

A.when B.where C.that D.which

(2011安徽卷)28.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

A.when B.which C.where D.while

(2011浙江卷)8.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.

A.which B.what C.them D.those

(2011浙江卷)10.A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

A.when B.that C.where D.there

(2011福建卷)24.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

A.whic h B.where C.what D.who

(2011四川卷)17.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

A.which B.whose C.when D.where

(2011天津卷)10.The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

A.when B.that C.where D.which

(2011陕西卷)11.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

A.which B.where C.who D.that

(2011湖南卷)25.Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.

A.who B.whom C.which D.that

【巩固练习】

1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure.

A. which B. what

C. as D. those

2.Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where

C. in which D. the one

3.Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

4.Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that B. where

C. which D. the one

5.The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that B. where

C. in which D. in that

6.The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into

ice.

A. at which B. on that

C. in which D. of what

7.This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because B. why

C. that D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which B. that

C. all that D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose B. of which

C. in which D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as B. that

C. which D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which B. it

C. that D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.

A. which B. whom

C. who D. that

14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing B. is singing

C. sang D. was singing

15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn B. who

C. that learns D. who learn

16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against B. that against

C. who is against D. who are against

17. Didn’t you see the man __________?

A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now

18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day?

A. that you talked B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with D. you talked about

19. Is there anything __________ to you?

A. that is belonged B. that belongs

C. that belong D. which belongs

20. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from __________ I read last month.”

A. that B. which

C. the one D. the one what

21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except __________ who had already taken them.

A. the ones B. ones

C. some D. the others

22. The train __________ she was travelling was late.

A. which B. where

C. on which D. in that

23. He has lost the key to the drawer __________ the papers are kept.

A. where B. in which

C. under which D. which

24. Antarctic __________ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where

C. that D. about which

25. It’s the third time __________ late this month.

A. that you arrived B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

26. It was in 1969 __________ the American astronaut succeeded in

landing on the moon.

A. that B. which

C. when D. in which

27. May the fourth is the day __________ we Chinese people will never

forget.

A. which B. when

C. on which D. about which

28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, __________ live my grandparents and some relatives.

A. which B. that

C. who D. where

29. The hotel __________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D. in that we stayed

30. Is it in that factory __________ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which B. where

C. which D. that

31. It is the Suez Canal __________ separates Asia __________ Africa.

A. which, to B. where, from

C. that, from D. that, with

32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, __________ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.

A. there B. where

C. it D. which

33. He is not __________ a fool __________.

A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks

34. Is that the reason __________ you are in favour of the proposal?

A. which B. what

C. why D. for that

35. He must be from Africa, __________ can be seen from his skin.

A. that B. as

C. who D. what

36. He has two sons, __________ work as chemists.

A. two of whom B. both of whom

C. both of which D. all of whom

37. I, __________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. who am

C. that is D. what is

38. He is a man of great experience, __________ much can be learned.

A. who B. that

C. from which D. from whom

39. ---- Do you know the town at all?

---- No, this is the first time I __________ here.

A. was B. have been

C. came D. am coming

40. I don’t like __________ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

41. The two things __________ they felt very proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which B. of which

C. in which D. for which

42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we __________.

A. would have B. have had

C. had never had D. had ever had

43. Do you know which hotel __________?

A. she is staying B. she is staying in

C. is she staying D. is she staying in

44. There is only one thing __________ I can do.

A. what B. that

C. all D. which

45. Who can think of a situation __________ this idiom can be used?

A. which B. that

C. where D. in that

46. I have many books, some of __________ are on chemistry.

A. them B. that

C. which D. those

47. They were interested __________ you told them.

A. in which B. in that

C. all that D. in everything

48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, __________ much help for knowing space.

A. which we think it is B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is D. I think which is of

49. The great day we looked forward to __________ at last.

A. come B. came

C. coming D. comes

50. I like the second football match __________ was held last week.

A. which B. who

C. that D. /

参考答案：

1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD

16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD

31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC

46—50 CDBBC

高考英语语法定语从句要点专题精讲

高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）
专题01定语从句

定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。
定语从句常被考查的知识有：（1）九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句；（2）七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；（3）对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

一、定语从句的意义?
形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?
定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??
二、关系词的用法?
引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?
关系副词有when，where，why等。?
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：?
1)由who引导的定语从句?
关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?
Ateacherisapersonwhopassesknowledgetothestudent.?
教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）?
Themanwhocandothisworkwillget1000dollars.?
能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）?
2)由whom引导的定语从句?
关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?
Themanwhomyoumetonthestreetismyfather.?
你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）?
Thewoman(whom)youtalkedwithyesterdaywillcomeherethedayaftertomorrow.?
昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略）??
3)由that引导的定语从句?
关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：?
Sheisthewomanthatoftencomeshere.?
她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人）?
Thebookthatisonthedeskwaswrittenbymygrandfather.?
桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换）?
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换）?
Thepassengerandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?
4)由which引导的定语从句?
关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：?
Hecamelate，whichmadetheteacherangry.?
他来晚了，这使老师很生气。（which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语）?
ThatisthepencilwhichIlostyesterday.?
那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。（which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略）5)由whose引导的定语从句?
关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?
Thisistheboywhoseparentsdiedlastyear.这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。（whose作定语，指人）?
注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与ofwhich结构互换，词序是：“名词+ofwhich”。如：?
Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(=thebackwallofwhich)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?
He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。
2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?
1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?
先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.?
任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??
先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?
Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.想看电影的人在这儿签名。?
一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?
Theboythatyoumetattheschoolgateyesterdaymorningisourmonitorwhostudiesveryhard.
昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?
2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?
在there+be的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?
TherearetwonovelsthatIwanttoread.我要读的有两本小说。?
Thereisnoworkthatcanbedonenow.没有什么工作现在能做的了。?
当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?
Thisisthebookthatwasboughtyesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?
Ourschoolisnolongertheschoolthatitusedtobe.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。
以Hereis(are)开头的句子时。如：?
Hereisafilmthatwillmoveanyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?
HerearetwobooksthatIwillbuy.这是我要买的两本书。?
Itis(high)time+定语从句中。如：?
Itistimethatweshouldhavearest.我们应该休息了。?
Itishightimethattheystartedout.他们该动身了。?
当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者inwhich在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?
Thisisthewaythatmyfatherdidthiswork.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?
SheadmiredthewayinwhichIansweredthequestions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?
在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?
HeisthestudentthatIhaveeverseewhocanjumphighest.?
他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?
Mybrotherstudiesintheschoolwhichisthemostbeautifulinourcitythatisn’tfarfromhere.?
我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?
当先行词被thelast，thevery和theonly修饰时。如：?
ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.这正是我找的钢笔。?
TheonlybookIwanttoreadismissing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?
在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?
Whowasitthatwaslost?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）Whatwasitthatyoudidlastweek?你上周究竟做什么了？?
当先行词前有序数词时。如：?
YouarethefirstpersonthatIwanttoaskfor.你是我要见的第一个人。?
ThisisthesecondbookthatIhaveeverwritten.这是我写的第二本书。?
当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?
ThisisallthatIwanttosayatthemeeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?
Haveyouanybooksthatareworthreading?你有值得看的书吗？?
当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?
TheprofessorandhisachievementthatIheardaboutareadmiredbythem.?
我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?
Let’stalkaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwecanremember.?
让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?
当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：?
EverythingwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?
Ihavenothingthatisworthreading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?
当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?
Whothatyouhaveeverseencanbeathiminchess?你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？?
3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?
Thisisthebook(which)youwerelookingforyesterday.这就是你昨天找的那本书。?
Idon’tlikethenovel(that)youarereading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?
4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?
Thosewhoareintheirfortiesarerequiredtohaveaphysicalexaminationthisafternoon.?
请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?
（先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了）?
Thisisthemagazinewhichwassenttomebypost.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?
（先行词themagazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式wassent）?
5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：?
ThestorywhichIreadlastnightisveryinteresting.?
我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。
3.关系副词的用法?
1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year等。如：?
IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.?
我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?
DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?你知道林肯出生的日期吗？?
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：?
Eachtimehecame，hedidhisbesttohelpus.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。?
2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?
Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.这是他们住的旅馆。?
IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?
注：where有时也可以省略。如：?
Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.这是我们昨天见面的地方。?
3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：?
Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?
注：why时常也可以省略。如：?
Thatistherealreasonhedidit.那就是他做此事的真正原因。
4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?
1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?
when=on(in，at，during...)+which;?
where=in(at，on...)+which;?
why=forwhich.如：?
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.?
他到的时候，当时我正在北京。?
Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.?
他工作的办公室在?三楼。??
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?
2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：?
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.?
我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?
I’llneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.?
我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?
3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why只能引导限制性定语从句。??
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?
在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom；关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。
1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which(指物)或whom关系代词不能省略。如：
Hehasfoundagoodjobforwhichheisqualified.?
他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?
（qualify+名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”）?
Themantowhomyoutalkedjustnowwillchairthemeetingtomorrow.?
你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。（talkto+名词意为“与某人谈话”）?
Heisbargainingwiththelandlordoverthemonthlypriceatwhichtheapartmentrents.他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。（名词+rentat+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”）
2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：?
Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?
Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。
3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。?
Helivedinabighouse，infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.?
他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。?
Themonkeycrossedtheriver，inthemiddleofwhichhewasalmostkilled.?
那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。?
注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：?
ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?
Theboysheislookingafterareveryhealthy.他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。
4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?
1）这就是我们去年住过的房间。?
Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.?
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.?
Thisistheroomwherewelivedlastyear.?
2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?
IstillrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.?
IstillrememberthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.?
通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：?
那就是他工作的大学。?
四、定语从句的种类以及区别
1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。
请看下面例句的不同含义：?
限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。?
ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.?
(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)?
非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。?
Shehastwosons，whoareP.L.A.men.?
(Shehasonlytwosons.TheyarebothP.L.A.men.)?
体会下列非限制性定语从句?
YesterdayImetLiPing，whoseemedtobebusy.?
昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来?很忙。??
Wewillputoffthemeetinguntilnextweek，whenwewon’tbesobusy.?
我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。
2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?
which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：??
1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：?
which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：?
Asherealized，Iwasveryusefultohim.?
（在前）正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。?
Air，asweknow，isagas.（在中）空气，众所周知，是一种气体。?
Hewasaforeigner，asIknowfromhisaccent.?
(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?
Hecamelateagain，whichmadehisbossangry.?
（在后）他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。?
在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：?
Heisateacher，as(is)clearfromhismanner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?
Hesaidhehadneverseenherbefore，whichwasnottrue.?
（was不可省略）他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。?
当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用andthis，andthat代替，意思是“这件事”。如：?
Hechangedhismind，which(andthis，andthat)mademeveryangry.?
他改变了主意，这使我很生气。?
Shehasmarriedagain，which(andthis，andthat)wasunexpected.?
出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。?
而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：?
Einstein，asweknow，isafamousscientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。?
Asisannouncedintoday’snewspaper，wemustimproveourstyleofwork.?
今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。?
作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?
Hemarriedher，whichwasnatural.?
（可用as代替which）他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。??
Hewona/theNobelPrizeinchemistry，whichmadehimillustrious.?
(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。?
当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：?
Theywereinvitedtothestatebanquet，whichwasagreathonortothem.?
他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?
Wehadtosleepinourwetclothes，whichwasmostuncomfortable.?
我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。?
Mummyalwaystreatsmejustlikeababy，whichIcan’tbear.?
妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。?
当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：
Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone’swishes，asisoftenthecase.?
事与愿违，这是常有的事。?
Aswasnatural，thisinordinatehopewasfollowedbyanexcessivedepression.?
这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。?
Chaucerisburiedin“Poet’sCorner”，asmighthavebeenexpected.?
正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?
Thematerialiselastic，asisshowinthefigure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。?
asweknow众所周知?
ashasbeensaidabove/before正如前文所述?
ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的?
asmightbeimagined可以想像得到?
当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：?
Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit.?
这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。?
TheThames，whichisnowcleanenoughtoswimin，waspollutedforoverahundredyears.?
泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?
带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：?
Thereisagreatdealofoxygenaroundus，withoutwhichwecouldnotlive.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。?
Theshedinourgarden，inwhichweoftenplayed，haslastedforalongtime.?
我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。?
2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：?
先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：?
ThisisthepaninwhichIboiledthemilk.这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?
前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：?
Thereareasmanydictionariesasareneeded.所需要的字典都有了。?
前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：?
SuchwomenasknowTomthoughthewascharming.?
认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??
Ihaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?
HeisnotsuchamanasIexpected.他不是我期望的那种人。?
前面有thesame时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：?
Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.?
我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?
ThisisthesamewalletasIlost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?
Ihavethesametroubleasyouhave.我和你有着同样的困难。?
总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题
1.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：?
TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?
2.the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：?
TheGreatWallisthe(only)oneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.?
长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?
3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：?
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina，asisknowntoall.?
中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。?
4.其他情况?
I，whoamyourteacher，willtrymybesttohelpyou.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。?
ToownacolourTVsetineachfamily，whichwethoughtwasimpossibletwentyyearsago，nowbecomestrue.?
每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。?
Haveyouheardofthepersonsandthingsthatarebeingtalkedabout??
你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗？??

定语从句
考点1“介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择
介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：
①ThepenwithwhichhewrotewasmadeinChina．他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。
②ThetrainonwhichTomtravelledtoCanadawasveryfast．汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。
③Theteacherinfrontofwhosehousestandsatalltreeisverypatientwithhisstudents．那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。
考点2as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定
1．as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。
(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：
Youareclever，asallthosewhoknowyoucansee．你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。
(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：
Asweallknow，Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger．众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。
(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：
Asisafact，Mikeisexpectedtomakeatopstudent．这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。
特别提示
主句中出现thesame，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：
(1)thesame…that与thesame…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西；而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：
①ThisisthesamebagthatIlostyesterday．这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)
②ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday．这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)
(2)such/so…as…和such/so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：
①TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand．他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simpleEnglish作understand的宾语)
②Heshutthewindowwithsuchaforcethattheglassbroke．他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)
2．which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：
Heworksverywell，whichmakeshisbosssatisfied．他工作干得不错．，这使得他的老板很满意。
(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：
Shesucceededinthecompetition，whichsatisfiedherparents．她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。
(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：Heoftenworksfarintothenight，bywhichtimeeveryoneelsehaslefttheoffice．他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人
已下班了。
特别提示
高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用；如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：
①Hecamelatetoschool，which/aswaswhatwehadexpected．他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。
②Hecamelatetoschool，whichsurprisedUSa11．他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)
考点3关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语；而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：
①I’llneverforgetthedayswhichIspentwithyou．我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)
②I’llneverforgetthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedinBeijing．我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)
考点4定语从句的间隔现象
定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：
①DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?
(先行词oneafternoon与定语从句被状语tenyearsago分隔开了)
②AnewteacherwilleOlTletomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman．明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词anewteacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语willcometomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时；(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：
①Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue．我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)
②whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)
③PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel．请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)
有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。
1．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：
①HemakesapromisethatifheCallgetthejob，hewillworkhardtomakeasmuchmoneyashecanfortheeompany．他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的
钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词apromise的进一步解释和说明)
②Mike’sparentsmadeaspecialpromisetoTomthatsurprisedTom．迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)
2．定语从句与强调句的区别
定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“Itis/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强
调句。如：
Itwasin1998thattheflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi．在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)
(判断方法：如果去掉itwas和that，剩下in1998theflooddestroyedmanyhousesinJiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)
3．定语从句与状语从句的区别
定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子；并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词；通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。
以where为例来说明：
①Let’shaveashortmeetingwherewemetlasttime．我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Wherewemetlasttime是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)
②Thisistheplacewherewehadameetinglasttime．这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Wherewehadameetinglasttime是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰theplace)

23.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof________havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
A.themB.that
C.whichD.what

此处先行词是twonovels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用bothofwhich引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。
考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
23.Theairqualityinthecity,________isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
本题考查定语从句的引导词
C
本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成isshowninthereport,theairqualityinthecityhasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在所写的那样”。
29.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.This
A
如果选择B或D就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Ａlotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。
考查定语从句。
26.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
B
非限制性定语从句，which作表语。
8.Thatevening,_____Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when
B
这里thatevening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。
32．—We’lltaketheconditionsintocarefulconsiderationyouhaveattachedtothiscontract.
—Thanks.Hopeforfurthercooperation.
A．asB．whichC．whereD．what
B
考查定语从句的关系词。此处theconditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。
13.Doyourememberacertainoccasion______youwereintroubleandatthatmomentIgaveyouahand.
A.whereB.whichC.whyD.when
D
考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语atthatmoment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于atwhichtime。
32.Lisa，Iguesswedbetterfixanavigationalaid（导航仪）tothecar_________wecanfindourwayeasily.
A.whichB.thatC.fromwhichD.withwhich
D
考查定语从句的关系词。此处anavigationalaid为先行词，其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。
26.Leavehimanoteatthereceptiondesk,hewilllearnhowtofindyou.
A.whichB.fromwhichC.withwhichD.onwhich
B
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处anote是先行词，其在定语从句中作from的宾语。
相当于：hewilllearnhowtofindyoufromthenote。
26．-----Howaboutyourjob-hunting？
-----Noluck．Now，I’vereachedthestage________Idon’tcarewhatIdo．
A.whichB．whereC．whenD.that
B
考查定语从句的关系词。此处thestage是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意：现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。
7．Aturningpointofthecontinuouslyhighhousingpricewontappearsuddenlybecausetheremustbeacertainprocess___manyfactorsleadtothechange．
A．whichB．whatC．whereD．that
C
考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。
10．Janesstruggletomakeaplaceforherselfinthemusiccircleisthekindoflifestory___afascinatingnovelmightbewritten．
A．whereB．bywhomC．forwhatD．aboutwhich
D
考查定语从句的关系词。此处lifestory是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于afascinatingnovelmightbewrittenaboutthestory。
26.MoreteensaresmokinginBeijing,______thenumberofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentspickingupthehabithasmorethandoubledfrompreviousyears.
A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that
C
考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing是先行词，在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。
17.Judgingfromhisface_______therewasaconfidentsmile,weknewthathedidn’tloseheart.
A.inwhichB.fromwhichC.bywhichD.onwhich
D
考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。aconfidentsmileonhisface.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。
19.Wehavespottedthelocation,_______wethoughtisthesiteofEmperorQinShihuang.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
C考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，wethought是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。
14.---Whendidtheyoungmansaveyou?
---January1st,2000,thefirstdayofthenewcentury,_______Icanneverforget.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
B
考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词thefirstday在定语从句中作宾语。

高三英语教案：《定语从句要点专题精讲》教学设计

经验告诉我们，成功是留给有准备的人。高中教师在教学前就要准备好教案，做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生更好地进入课堂环境中来，帮助高中教师更好的完成实现教学目标。关于好的高中教案要怎么样去写呢？下面是由小编为大家整理的“高三英语教案：《定语从句要点专题精讲》教学设计”，希望能对您有所帮助，请收藏。

本文题目：高三英语语法教案：定语从句要点专题精讲

【考纲解读】

定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。

定语从句常被考查的知识有：(1)九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句;(2)七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句;(3)对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

【知识要点】

一、定语从句的意义?

形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?

定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??

二、关系词的用法?

引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?

关系副词有when，where，why等。?

关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.关系代词的用法：?

1)由who引导的定语从句?

关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?

A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.?

教师是传授知识的人。(关系代词在从句中作主语)?

The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.?

能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。(关系代词who在从句中作主语)?

2)由whom引导的定语从句?

关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?

The man whom you met on the street is my father.?

你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。(关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略)?

The woman (whom)you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow.?

昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。(关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略)??

3)由that引导的定语从句?

关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语;既可指人，又可指物。如：?

She is the woman that often comes here.?

她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人)?

The book that is on the desk was written by my grandfather.?

桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。(关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换)?

Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么呢?(关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换)?

The passenger and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?

4)由which引导的定语从句?

关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：?

He came late，which made the teacher angry.?

他来晚了，这使老师很生气。(which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语)?

That is the pencil which I lost yesterday.?

那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。(which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略)5)由whose引导的定语从句?

关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?

This is the boy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 (whose作定语，指人)?

注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：?

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。

2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点?

1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?

先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?

任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??

先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?

Those who want to see the film sign up here. 想看电影的人在这儿签名。?

一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?

The boy that you met at the school gate yesterday morning is our monitor who studies very hard.

昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?

2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?

There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。?

There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。?

当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?

This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。?

Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。

以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：?

Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?

Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。?

It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：?

It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。?

It is high time that they started out.他们该动身了。?

当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?

This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?

She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?

在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?

He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.?

他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?

My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here.?

我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?

当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：?

This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。?

The only book I want to read is missing.我惟一想看的书不见了。?

在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了?(此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复)What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了??

当先行词前有序数词时。如：?

You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。?

This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。?

当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?

This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。?

Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗??

当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?

The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.?

我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?

Let’s talk about the persons and the things that we can remember.?

让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?

当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which;但用something时，用which或者that均可。如：?

Everything we have seen in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?

I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?

当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?

Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他??

3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?

This is the book (which)you were looking for yesterday. 这就是你昨天找的那本书。?

I don’t like the novel (that)you are reading.我不喜欢你看的这本小说。?

4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句的人称、数与先行词一致。如：?

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.?

请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。?

(先行词those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了)?

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。?

(先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent)?

5)定语从句的时态不要求与主句时态一致。如：?

The story which I read last night is very interesting.?

我昨天晚上看的那则故事非常有趣。

3.关系副词的用法?

1)when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有time，day，morning，night，week，year 等。如：?

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.?

我仍然记得我成为大学生的那个时刻。?

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 你知道林肯出生的日期吗??

注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：?

Each time he came，he did his best to help us.每次他来，都尽他所能帮我们。?

2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等。如：?

This is the hotel where they are staying.这是他们住的旅馆。?

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.我不记得史密斯先生住过的房子了。?

注：where有时也可以省略。如：?

This is the place (where)we met yesterday. 这是我们昨天见面的地方。?

3)why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：?

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.那就是他为什么要离开的原因。?

注：why时常也可以省略。如：?

That is the real reason he did it.那就是他做此事的真正原因。

4.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：?

1)这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：?

when = on (in，at，during...)+which;?

where = in (at，on...)+which;?

why = for which.如：?

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which)he arrived.?

他到的时候，当时我正在北京。?

The office where (=in which)he works is on the third floor.?

他工作的办公室在?三楼。??

This is the chief reason why (=for which)we did it.这是我们做这件事的主要原因。?

2)当先行词是表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：?

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.?

我将永远不会忘记我的家乡被解放的那一天。?

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.?

我将永远不会忘记去年夏天我们共同度过的那段时光。?

3)when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。??

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句?

在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人时，就只能用whom;关系代词若是表示事物时，就只能用which。

1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which (指物)或whom 关系代词不能省略。如：

He has found a good job for which he is qualified.?

他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。?

(qualify + 名词+for意为“使……具有……资格”)?

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow.?

你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。( talk to+名词意为“与某人谈话”)?

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents. 他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。(名词+rent at+表示价格的词意为“某物以某价格出租”)

2.当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。如：?

This is the hero (that/who/whom)we are proud of.这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。?

This is the pen ( that/which)I wrote the letter with.这就是我用来写信的那枝笔。

3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。?

He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.?

他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大高树。?

The monkey crossed the river，in the middle of which he was almost killed.?

那只猴子过了河，在河中央它差点淹死。?

注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如：?

This is the pen which I’m looking for.这正是我在寻找的那枝笔。?

The boys he is looking after are very healthy. 他照看的那些小男孩都很健康。

4.介词+关系代词=关系副词?

1)这就是我们去年住过的房间。?

This is the room which we lived in last year.?

This is the room in which we lived last year.?

This is the room where we lived last year.?

2)我仍然记得我入党的那一天。?

I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.?

I still remember the day when I joined the Party.?

通过对上述知识的掌握，对于一个句子我们可用不同的表达方法来表达。如：?

那就是他工作的大学。?

四、定语从句的种类以及区别

1.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下

限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句

和先行词的关系密切(删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达) 和先行词的关系不密切(是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达)

不用逗号分开 一般使用逗号分开

可用关系代词that引导 不可用关系代词that引导

可以省略(that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略) 不可以省略

可以替代(whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代) 不能替代

只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。

请看下面例句的不同含义：?

限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。?

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.?

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)?

非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。?

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.?

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)?

体会下列非限制性定语从句?

Yesterday I met Li Ping，who seemed to be busy.?

昨天我遇到了李平，他看起来?很忙。??

We will put off the meeting until next week，when we won’t be so busy.?

我们将把会议推迟到下周举行，到那时我们就不会这么忙了。

2.关系代词which与as引导定语从句的区别?

which与as都可以引导定语从句，但它们有许多用法上的区别，现就此简要分析如下：??

1)which与as引导非限定性定语从句的区别：?

which只能放在主句后面，而as引导的从句位置相对较灵活，可在前，可在后。如：?

As he realized，I was very useful to him.?

(在前)正像他所意识到的那样，我对他非常有用。?

Air，as we know，is a gas.(在中)空气，众所周知，是一种气体。?

He was a foreigner，as I know from his accent.?

(在后)他是个外国人，正像我从他的口音判断的那样。?

He came late again，which made his boss angry.?

(在后)他又来晚了，这一点使得老板很生气。?

在which引导的定语从句中，谓语动词若是am，is，are，则这些系动词不能省略，而as后面若是这种情况，则可以省略。如：?

He is a teacher，as (is)clear from his manner.(is可以省略)他是个老师，这从他的言谈举止可看清楚。?

He said he had never seen her before，which was not true.?

(was 不可省略)他说他从来没见过她，这一点不对。?

当which引导的从句在意义上近乎并列关系时，可以用and this，and that代替，意思是“这件事”。如：?

He changed his mind，which (and this，and that)made me very angry.?

他改变了主意，这使我很生气。?

She has married again，which (and this，and that)was unexpected.?

出乎意料的是，她又结婚了。?

而as主要起与上下文连接的作用，表达说话人的看法、观点，并指出主句内容的出处或根据等。如：?

Einstein，as we know，is a famous scientist.爱因斯坦，众所周知，是位伟大的科学家。?

As is announced in today’s newspaper，we must improve our style of work.?

今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。?

作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。如:?

He married her，which was natural.?

(可用as代替which)他和她结婚，这是很自然的事。??

He won a/the Nobel Prize in chemistry，which made him illustrious.?

(不可用as代替which)他获得了诺贝尔化学奖，这使他名扬天下。?

当定语从句位于主句之后，纯粹表示主句所述的内容，不带有“如……那样”的意思时，往往用which，而不用as。如：?

They were invited to the state banquet，which was a great honor to them.?

他们被邀请参加国宴，这对他们来说是莫大的荣幸。?

We had to sleep in our wet clothes，which was most uncomfortable.?

我们不得不穿着湿衣服睡觉，这简直太不舒服了。?

Mummy always treats me just like a baby，which I can’t bear.?

妈妈老把我当成小孩子对待，这让我无法忍受。?

当定语从句有“如同……那样”的意思时，用as比用which更常见，而这些从句几乎成为固定说法。如：

Things will turn out contrary to one’s wishes，as is often the case.?

事与愿违，这是常有的事。?

As was natural， this inordinate hope was followed by an excessive depression.?

这种过分希望之后，接着是极度的沮丧，是很自然的事。?

Chaucer is buried in “Poet’s Corner”，as might have been expected.?

正如人们已经预料的，乔叟被葬在“诗人角”。?

The material is elastic，as is show in the figure.这种材料有弹性，如图所示。?

as we know众所周知?

as has been said above/before正如前文所述?

as has been pointed out正如已经指出的?

as might be imagined可以想像得到?

当定语从句的关系代词指的是先行词本身时，只能用which。如：?

These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.?

这些苹果树是我三年前种下的，没结出任何果实。?

The Thames，which is now clean enough to swim in，was polluted for over a hundred years.?

泰晤士河，现在已经很干净，可以在里面游泳，它曾被污染了一百多年。?

带介词的典型的定语从句，必须用which，不能用as。如：?

There is a great deal of oxygen around us，without which we could not live.我们周围有许多氧气，没有它我们就无法生存。?

The shed in our garden，in which we often played，has lasted for a long time.?

我们经常玩耍的花园里的那个棚子，已经有很长时间了。?

2)引导限制性定语从句时which与as的区别：?

先行词如为表示物的名词或代词，在从句中又作介词的宾语时，只能用which。如：?

This is the pan in which I boiled the milk. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。?

前面有as时,引导定语从句的关系代词用as，不用which。如：?

There are as many dictionaries as are needed.所需要的字典都有了。?

前面有such时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as,不用which。如：?

Such women as know Tom thought he was charming.?

认识汤姆的女人都认为他很?迷人。??

I have never heard such stories as he tells.他讲的那些故事我从没听过。?

He is not such a man as I expected.他不是我期望的那种人。?

前面有the same时，引导定语从句的关系代词用as而不用which。如：?

We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.?

我们正面临着和多年以前同样的困难。?

This is the same wallet as I lost.这只钱包与我丢失的那只相同。?

I have the same trouble as you have.我和你有着同样的困难。?

总之，which与as引导定语从句的区别要在实践中多体会，体会多了，才能正确运用。??五、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致的问题

1.one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数形动词。如：?

Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.《泰坦尼克号》是在好莱坞拍的最好的电影之一。?

2.the (only)one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数形动词。如：?

The Great Wall is the (only)one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.?

长城是地球上惟一一个从月球上能够看到的建筑。?

3.当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若as或which作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。如：?

Great changes have taken place in China，as is known to all.?

中国发生了巨大的变化，众所周知。?

4.其他情况?

I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，要尽全力帮助你。?

To own a colour TV set in each family，which we thought was impossible twenty years ago，now becomes true.?

每家拥有一台彩电，这在20年前我们认为不可能的事情，现在变成了现实。?

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about??

你听说了他们谈论的人和事了吗???

【考点诠释】

定语从句

考点1 “介词+关系代词which/whom”中介词和关系代词的选择

介词后作宾语的关系代词为历年高考考查的重点，一般来讲有两个：指人时只能用whom，指物时只能用which。当然关系代词作定语时也可用whose。如：

①The pen with which he wrote was made in China.他写字用的钢笔是中国制造的。

②The train on which Tom travelled to Canada was very fast.汤姆到加拿大去时乘坐的火车速度非常快。

③The teacher in front of whose house stands a tall tree is very patient with his students.那位老师对他的学生非常有耐心，他家的房子前面有一棵大树。

考点2 as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的判定

1.as引导的从句表示说话人对话语的看法、态度、解释或评论。

(1)此时的as意为“正如……，正像……”。翻译时有时可不必译出。如：

You are clever，as all those who know you can see.你很聪明，所有认识你的人都能看出来。

(2)在句法上，as常用作一些实义动词(如see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等)的宾语，这类动词与as几乎成了一种固定搭配。如：

As we all know，China is becoming stronger and stronger.众所周知，中国正变得越来越强大。

(3)as引导的从句可以前置(而which引导的从句则不可)。如：

As is a fact，Mike is expected to make a top student.这是一个事实，迈克有望成为一名顶尖的学生。

特别提示

主句中出现the same，such，so修饰先行词时，要选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，此时as引导的是限制性定语从句。另外要注意：

(1)the same…that与the same…as引导的定语从句在意义上的区别：前者修饰的名词与原物是同一个东西;而后者修饰的是与先行词同类型的另一样东西。试比较：

①This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.这正是我昨天丢失的那个书包。(同一个书包)

②This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.这个书包和我昨天丢失的那个一样。(同类型的另一个)

(2)such/so…as…和such /so…that…结构不同，as引导定语从句，而that引导状语从句。如：

①They talked in such simple English as children could understand.他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。(定语从句，as代替先行词simple English作understand的宾语)

②He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.他如此用力地关窗，结果玻璃碎了。(结果状语从句，that引导的从句表示用力关窗导致的结果)

2.which引导的此类从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。

(1)which此时指前面主句所提到的，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。主句与从句通常要用逗号隔开，且从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。如：

He works very well，which makes his boss satisfied.他工作干得不错.，这使得他的老板很满意。

(2)which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系。如：

She succeeded in the competition，which satisfied her parents.她在比赛中取得成功，这使得她的父母很满意。

(3)在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。如：He often works far into the night，by which time everyone else has left the office.他通常工作到深夜，到那时其他人

已下班了。

特别提示

高考一般不考查as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别，但近年高考试题中出现过这个考点。一般来说，如果从句的含义是顺接主句的叙述，那么这两个词都可以使用;如果从句的含义是对主句的否定，或者语意不是顺接的，则只能用which。如：

①He came late to school，which/as was what we had expected.他上学迟到了，这是我们意料中的。

②He came late to school，which surprised US a11.他上学迟到了，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。(不可用as)

考点3 关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句的辨别

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语;而关系副词在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。一般来说，关系副词在语义上相当于”介词+which”结构。试比较：

①I’ll never forget the days which I spent with you.我不会忘记我们在一起度过的岁月。(which在定语从句中作spent的宾语)

②I’ll never forget the days when(=in which)we studied in Beijing.我永远不会忘记我们一起在北京学习的时光。(when在定语从句中作时间状语，studied在此处为不及物动词，后面不再接宾语)

考点4 定语从句的间隔现象

定语从句一般紧接被它修饰的先行词，但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做被分隔的定语从句。在这种情况下，对关系词的准确判断显得相当重要，而且在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别。一般来说，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种情况：在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语、定语，或被谓语动词分隔开。如：

①Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?你还记得十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链吗?

(先行词one afternoon与定语从句被状语ten years ago分隔开了)

②A new teacher will eOlTle tomorrow who will teach you German.明天，一位新老师将来教你们德语。(先行词a new teacher与定语从句被谓语部分和时间状语will come tomorrow隔开了)关系代词在下列情况下常省略：(1)作及物动词的宾语时;(2)作介词的宾语，当关系代词与介词分开使用时，可以省略。但若是关系代词与介词连用，则不能省略。如：

①The coat(that)I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(作动词put的宾语)

②who is the teacher(whom)Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作介词to的宾语)

③Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。(关系代词不能省略)

有些句型结构如同位语从句、状语从句和强调句与定语从句结构较相似，稍不认真就会出错。

1.定语从句与同位语从句的区别

定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

①He makes a promise that if he Call get the job，he will work hard to make as much money as he can for the eompany.他许诺如果他能获得那份工作，他将努力为公司挣尽可能多的

钱。(that引导的同位语从句是对先行词a promise的进一步解释和说明)

②Mike’s parents made a special promise to Tom that surprisedTom.迈克的父母对汤姆许下了一个特别的诺言，这使得汤姆很惊奇。(that引导的定语从句是对先行词promise的修饰和限制)

2.定语从句与强调句的区别

定语从句和强调句的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was…that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强

调句。如：

It was in 1 998 that the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi.在1998年，洪水毁坏了江西地区很多的房屋。(强调句)

(判断方法：如果去掉it was和that，剩下in 1998 the flood destroyed many houses in Jiangxi，句子结构完整，可判定原句为强调句)

3.定语从句与状语从句的区别

定语从句在句子中作定语，修饰名词、代词或句子;并且，这个被修饰的名词、代词或句子称为先行词，通常放在定语从句之前。状语从句在句子中作状语，修饰动词;通常不同的状语从句有不同的连词，位置较灵活，通常放在句首或句末，有时也放在句中。

以where为例来说明：

①Let’s have a short meeting where we met last time.我们在上次见面的地方开个短会吧。(Where we met last time是地点状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示开会的地方)

②This is the place where we had a meeting last time.这就是我们上次开会的地方。(Where we had a meeting last time是定语从句，在句中作定语修饰the place)

【试题放送】

【2012山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.

A. them B. that

C. which D. what

【答案】

【解析】此处先行词是two novels，后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词前置，因此用both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。

【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。

【2012福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

A. that B. it C. as D. what

【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词

【答案】C

【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。

【2012安徽卷】29. Alot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. This

【答案】A

【解析】如果选择B或D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,关系代词指整个一句话Alot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。传统考法是直接把从句放在句首，我不知道这里是不是算作句首，我相信学生们也会是一头雾水吧。【as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是A】

【考点】考查定语从句。

【2012北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

【答案】 B

【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

【2012全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that B. which C. what D. when

【答案】B

【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。

【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。

【2012届广西桂林市、崇左市、百色市、防城港市高考联合调研】32.—We’ll take the conditions into careful consideration you have attached to this contract.

—Thanks. Hope for further cooperation.

A.as B.which C.where D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the conditions是先行词，其在定语从句中作to的宾语。故用which。

【河南省郑州市2012届英语信息卷(三)】13. Do you remember a certain occasion ______ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand.

A. where B. which C. why D. when

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。根据后面的时间短语at that moment可知occasion指时间，故要使用关系副词when，相当于at which time。

【2012届保定市高三第一次模拟】32. Lisa，I guess we'd better fix a navigational aid(导航仪)to the car_________we can find our way easily.

A. which B. that C. from which D. with which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a navigational aid为先行词，其在定语从句中作with的宾语。句意：丽萨，我认为我们最好在车上安装导航仪，用它我们能容易地找到路。

【2012届河北省邯郸市高三第一次模拟考试】26. Leave him a note at the reception desk, he will learn how to find you.

A. which B. from which C. with which D. on which

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。此处a note是先行词，其在定语从句中作from的宾语。

相当于：he will learn how to find you from the note。

【2012届河北省普通高考模拟】26.-----How about your job-hunting?

-----No luck.Now，I’ve reached the stage________I don’t care what I do.

A. which B. where C.when D. that

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处the stage是先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语。句意：现在我到了我不关心做什么的境地。

【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】7.A turning point of the continuously high housing price won't appear suddenly because there must be a certain process ___ many factors lead to the change.

A.which B.what C.where D.that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处process作先行词，其在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。

【2012届四川省成都石室中学高三二诊模拟】10.Jane's struggle to make a place for herself in the music circle is the kind of life story___a fascinating novel might be written.

A.where B.by whom C.for what D.about which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处life story是先行词，其后是介词前置的定语从句。相当于a fascinating novel might be written about the story。

【2012届江西省六校联考】26. More teens are smoking in Beijing, ______ the number of primary and middle school students picking up the habit has more than doubled from previous years.

A. which B. when C. where D. that

【答案】 C

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。Beijing 是先行词，在从句中做地点状语，因此用where引导定语从句。

【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】17. Judging from his face_______ there was a confident smile, we knew that he didn’t lose heart.

A. in which B. from which C. by which D. on which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句介词+关系代词的用法。a confident smile on his face.句意为：从他脸上自信的笑容来判断，我们知道他没灰心。故选D。

【2012届浙江杭州重点高中原创模拟】19. We have spotted the location, _______ we thought is the site of Emperor Qin Shihuang.

A. that B. what C. which D. where

【答案】C 考查定语从句。分析句子可知空格出引导定语从句，we thought 是插入语，从句缺少主语，应考虑用关系代词，又是非限制性定语从句，故选C。

【2012届浙江省重点中学协作体4月调研】14. ---When did the young man save you?

---January 1st,2000, the first day of the new century,_______ I can never forget.

A. when B. which C. that D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。先行词the first day在定语从句中作宾语。

高三英语语法知识定语从句复习教案

18.定语从句
　定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。
关系副词有：when,where,why等。
18.1关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who,whom,that
　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：
　Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
　Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：
　Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.　那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
　Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）
Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which/that在句中作宾语）
18.2关系副词引导的定语从句
　关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：
　Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
　Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.　北京是我的出生地。
　Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介+which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
　Hisfatherdiedtheyear（that/when/inwhich）hewasborn.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
　Heisunlikelytofindtheplace（that/where/inwhich）helivedfortyyearsago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
18.3判断关系代词与关系副词
　方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
　ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。
　IllneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。
　判断改错：
　（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
　（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
　（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.
　（对）Illneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
　A.where　B.that　C.onwhich　D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
　A.where　B.that　C.onwhichD.theone
答案：例1D，例2A
例1变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.
例2变为肯定句：Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到宾语的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词（where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语）。
18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句
1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：
　Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.　
我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
　Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
　Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
18.5介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：
　ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
　ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
　Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
　Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?
18.6as,which非限定性定语从句
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。
典型例题　
1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.
A.it　B.that　C.whichD.he
　答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.what　B.which　C.that　D.it
　答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）Itrainedhardyesterday,____preventedmefromgoingtothepark..
A.that　B.whichC.as　D.it
　答案B.as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
（2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
as的用法
例1.thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。例如：
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe（has）.我碰到了跟他一样的麻烦。
例2.as可引导非限制性从句，常带有正如。例如：
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
Asisknown,smokingisharmfultooneshealth.
　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
18.7先行词和关系词二合一
　1）Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.（Whoever可以用anyonewho代替）
　2）Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirsontotechnicalschool.（what可以用allthat代替）
18.8what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1）what=thethingwhich；whatever=anything。例如：
　Whatyouwanthasbeensenthere.你要的动词都送来了。
　Whateveryouwantmakesnodifferencetome.不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
2）who=thepersonthat　whoever=anyonewho。例如：
（错）Whobreaksthelawwillbepunished.
（错）Whoeverrobbedthebankisnotclear.
（对）Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
（对）Whorobbedthebankisnotclear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3）that和what　
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：
Ithink（that）youwilllikethestamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。
18.9关系代词that的用法
1）不用that的情况
a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
　（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b）介词后不能用。例如：
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a）　在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。
b）　在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c）　先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。　
d）　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e）　先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
　Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

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