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Chapter2Educationalvisits(语法)

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Chapter2Educationalvisits
一.教学内容:
Chapter2EducationalvisitsLanguageandwriting
(一)本章语法:虚拟语气
(二)写作练习
二.知识总结与归纳
(一)本章语法:虚拟语气
语气的定义和种类
l、语气:语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类:
(1)陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:Wearenotready.我们没准备好。Whatafinedayitis!多好的天气啊!
(2)祈使语气:表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如:Openthedoor,please。请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.如果我是你,我就学英语了。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功!
虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如:
Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如:
Hehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。)
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下
与现在事实相反:从句:动词的过去式(be的过去式一般用were)
主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反:从句:had+过去分词
主句:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反:从句:动词过去式,should+动词原形,wereto+动词原形
主句:would/should/could/might+动词原形
注:主句中的should只用于I、we,但在美国英语中,should常被would代替;从句中的should可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如:Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在这儿,一切都没问题了。
2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如:Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’t(couldn’t)havefailedintheexam.如果你按照我的建议去做,你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。
3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如:IfitwereSundaytomorrow,Ishould(would,could,might)gotoseemygrandmother.如果明天是星期天,我就(可能)去看望我奶奶。Ifitweretosnowthisevening,theywouldnotgoout.如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。
4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如:Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.如果你当初听了医生的话,现在身体就好了。(从句动作指过去,主句动作指现在)
5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:
(1)省略连词if。在书面语中,如果虚拟条件从句中有were,had或should,可以把if省略,把这几个词放到主语之前,构成主谓倒装。例如:Shouldhecome(Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了,让他给我打个电话。WereIyou(IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你,就不做这事。
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来,而是通过介词短语来表示。如:Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话,就不会有生物了。Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Icouldn’thavedoneit.要是没有你的帮助,我就不可能完成这件事。
假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙,否则,我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话,我就……);Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)我本来该完成这项工作的,但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话,我就会完成……)
6、省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。
(1)省去条件从句。如:Youcouldhavewashedyourclothesyourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的。(省去了“Ifyouhadwantedto”)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)
(1)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如:Ifmygrandmotherwerewithme!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。);Ifonlyshehadnotleft!如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)
虚拟语气的其他用法
l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:在“Itisimportant(strange,natural,necessary)that…”这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”结构,表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。如:Itisimportantthateverymember(should)informhimselfoftheserules.重要的是每个成员都知道这些规则。
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:
(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如:IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道);2)表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。如:Iwish(wished)Ihadn’tspentsomuchmoney.我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉);3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为“would+动词原形”。此时要注意,主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同,因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现,取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外)。如:Iwishitwouldstopraining.但愿雨能停止;Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.但愿你立刻来。
(2)在suggest,demand,order,propose,insist,command,request,desire等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,表示建议、要求、命令等。如:Idemandthathe(should)answermeimmediately.我要求他立刻答复我。
3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
(1)在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病,他都去办公室。
(2)由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had+过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
(3)在inorderthat或sothat引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词多用“could或might(有时也用should)+动词原形”。如:Mrgreenspokeslowlysothathisstudentscould(might)hearclearly.格林先生说得很慢,好让学生听清楚。
4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:在“Itistime(that)…”句型中,定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来,动词形式一般用过去式,意思是“该干某事的时候了”。如:It’s(high)timewedidourhomework.我们该做作业了。
5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法
(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌,或委婉的语气,常见于日常会话中。如:Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.你最好别太晚睡觉。
(2)在一些习惯表达中。如:Iwouldrathernottellyou.我宁愿不告诉你。
(3)用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿”、“但愿”,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如:Mayyoubehappy!祝你快乐!Maygoodluckbeyours.祝你顺利。
(二)写作练习
P26WritingAletterofinvitation
DearTammy
Iamthesecretaryofourschool’sJuniorGeographyClub.WemeetinRoom7everyWednesdayafternoonat4.30.WearestudyingNewZealandthisterm.Everyoneinourclubwouldliketoknowmoreaboutit.
IreadyourarticleaboutNewZealandinourschoolnewspaper.Itwasveryinteresting.Iamwritingnowtoinviteyoutogiveatalktoourclub.Wewouldliketohearmoreaboutyourvisit,andseeyourphotographsofNewZealand.
WewillhavemeetingsonMarch12th,19thand26th.Ihopeyouwillbeabletocomeononeofthosedates.Ifyoucancome,pleasewriteandletmeknowwhichdateisbestforyou.
Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.
Yourssincerely
WendyWu

扩展阅读

Chapter2Educationalvisits(Reading)


Chapter2Educationalvisits(Reading)

一、用所给词的正确形式填空

1.Sheis__________(confidence)thatshewillwinthebeautycontest.

2.Schoolteachers__________(educational)children.

3.Have__________(patient),andthebuswillcomesoon.

4.Susanwasluckyenoughtowina__________(school).

5.Thenewlight__________(able)ustoreadwell.

6.I’m__________(deep)sorryforwhatIhavesaid.

二、选择与划线部分意义最接近的单词或词组

A.fortunateB.onasightseeingtourC.funded

D.acceptedE.throughoutF.actuallyG.funny

()1.Thegoodnewsspreadalloverthecountry.

()2.I’mluckytohaveafriendlikeyou

()3.Hewasinfactunawareofwhathadhappened.

()4.TheprogramwaspaidforbyWorldBank.

()5.Thetennisclubofourschoolagreedtohavemelastmonth.

()6.Wewenttovisitfamousbuildingsandplacesinthetown.

三、按要求改写下列句子

1.Thereisonlyatableintheroom.(改写为同义句)

Thereis__________intheroom__________atable.

2.I’msorryIcomelate.(改写为同义句)

Excuseme_________my__________late

3.HehaslearnedEnglishfortwoyearsandahalf.(改写为同义句)

HehaslearnedEnglishfor__________and_________________years.

4.Angelaishonest.Sheishelpful,too.(合并成一句)

Angelaishonest___________________________helpful.

5.Whydon’tyoutryitnow?(改写为同义句)

____________________tryitnow?

四、完形填空

Footballis,Idothink,themostfavouritegameinEngland:onehasonlytogotooneoftheimportant1toseethis.Richandpoor,youngandold,onecanseethemallthere2foronesideorthe3.Toastranger(陌生人),oneofthemostsurprisingthingsaboutfootballin4isthegreatknowledgeofthegamewhich5thesmallestboyseemstohave.Hecantellyouthenamesofthe6inmostoftheimportantteams,hehas7ofthemandknowstheresultsoflargenumbersofmatches.Hewilltellyouwhohe8willwinsuchamatch,andhisideasabout9areusuallyasgoodasthoseofmenthreeorfourtimeshis10.

()1.A.citiesB.matchesC.teamsD.places

()2.A.waitingB.lookingC.askingD.shouting

()3.A.otherB.sameC.teamD.players

()4.A.ChinaB.theUSAC.EnglandD.Canada

()5.A.allB.hardlyC.onlyD.even

()6.A.playersB.citiesC.countriesD.matches

()7.A.namesB.picturesC.heardD.thought

()8.A.saysB.asksC.decidesD.hopes

()9.A.EnglandB.playersC.footballD.men

()10.A.ideasB.ageC.storiesD.education

五、阅读理解

LindaEvanswasmybestfriend––likethesisterIneverhad.Wedideverythingtogether:pianolessons,movie,swimming,andhorsebackriding.

WhenIwas13,myfamilymovedaway.LindaandIkeptintouchthroughletters,andwesaweachotheronspecialtime––likemywedding(婚礼)andLinda’s.Soonwewerebusywithchildrenandmovingtonewhomes,andwewrotelessoften.OnedayacardthatIsentcameback,stamped“AddressUnknown”.IhadnoideahowtofindLinda.

Overtheyears,Imissedherverymuch.Ineededtoshared(分享)mysadnessandhappiness.TherewasanemptyplaceinmyheartthatonlyafriendlikeLindacouldfill.

OnedayIwasreadinganewspaperwhenInoticedaphotoofayoungwomanwholookedalotlikedLindaandwhoselastnamewasWagman––Linda’smarriedname.“TheremustbethousandsofWagmans,”Ithought,butIstillwrotetoher.

Shecalledassoonasshegotmyletter.“MrsTobin”shesaidexcitedly,“LindaWagmanismymother.”

MinuteslaterIheardavoicethatIknewverymuch,evenafter40years,laughedandcriedandcaughtupeachother’slives.Nowtheemptyplaceinmyheartisfilled,andthere’sonethingthatLindaandIknowforsure:wewon’tloseeachotheragain.

()1.ThewriterwenttopianolessonswithLinda____.

A.attheageof13B.beforeshegotmarried

C.aftertheymovedtonewhomesD.beforethewriter’sfamilymovedaway

()2.Theydidn’toftenwritetoeachotherbecausethey____.

A.gotmarriedB.hadlittletimetodoso

C.didn’tlikewritinglettersD.couldseeeachotheronspecialtime

()3.Therewasanemptyplaceinthewriter’sheartbecauseshe____.

A.wasintroubleB.didn’tknowLinda’saddress

C.receivedthecardsshesent

D.didn’thaveafriendlikeLindatoshareherhappinessorsadness

()4.Thewriterwashappywhenshe____.

A.readthenewspaperB.heardLinda’svoiceonthephone

C.metayoungwomanlookedlikeLinda

D.wrotetothewomanwhoselastnamewasWagman

()5.Theyhaven’tkeptintouch____.

A.forabout40yearsB.forabout27years

C.sincethewriter’shomemovedawayD.sincetheygotmarried

一、1.confident2.educate3.patience4.scholarship5.enables6.deeply

二、1—6:EAFCDB

三、1.nothing,but2.for,being3.two,ahalf4.aswellas5.Whynot

四、BDACDABDCB

五、DBDBA

Chapter2Educationalvisits教案


Chapter2Educationalvisits
一.教学内容:
Chapter2EducationalvisitsReading1
1、课文重点单词、短语、句子
2、课文阅读理解
二.知识总结与归纳
(一)课文重点单词、短语
1.acceptv.接受
OurschoolhasacceptedtwostudentsfromSingaporethisterm.
2.affectv.影响
Theterribleaccidentaffectedmanypeopleandmadethemfeelsadforthevictims.
3.confidenta.自信的
SheisconfidentthatshewillwinthelongjumponSportsDay.
4.culturen.文化
AncientGreekcultureisveryimportantinEuropeanhistory.
5.educationala.教育的
Thisisaneducationalbook.
6.evenadv.甚至
ItneversnowsonHainanIsland,eveninthemiddleofwinter.
7.foreigna.外国的
Maryhasmanyforeignfriends.
8.fundv.提供资金
Thetripwasfundedbyhisschool.
9.gapn.缝隙
Thecowsescapedfromthefieldthroughagapinthefence.
10.hostn.主人
Therewereeightpeopleatthedinnerlastnight,includingourhost,MrSmith.
11.patienta.耐心的
Patientdriversarebetterthandriverswhotrytorusheverywhere.
12.giveatalk
13.thepoor
14.WorldVision
15.throughouttheworld
16.theaimofthetrip
17.rubbishdumps
18.averyvaluableexperience
19.theartoftea-making
20.goonsightseeing
21.makemanynewfriends
22.aswellas
23.sincethan
24.keepintouchwith
25.turnout
26.IgaveatalkaboutChinatosomeclassesinschool.
27.Thereisabiggapbetweenthelivesoftherichandthepoor.
28.ThisenabledmetovisitJapanforsixweeks.
29.SincethanIhavekeptintouchwithmynewfriendsbywritingletters.
30.IfIwentabroad,Iwouldmakemanynewfriends.
(二)课文阅读理解
1、P18.AWhatdoyouknowabout…?
2、泛读课文,用时9分钟
A.完成任务型阅读
P18BFindthefacts
B.简要回答下列问题
(1)Howmanyarticlesarethereinthisreading?
(2)Thewriterofeacharticleandtheirdestinations?
(3)WheredidTammylive?
(4)WhatdoesAFSmean?
(5)WhatdidTammytakewithhim?
(6)WhatdidTammydoduringhisprogramme?
(7)HowmanypeopleweretherewithEdwinandwhoarethey?
(8)WhatdidEdwinsee?
(9)WhatdidEdwinlearnfromthetrip?
(10)WhatenabledSylviatovisitJapan?
(11)WhatdidSylviadointhefirstfiveweeks?
(12)WhatfriendsdidSylviamakeexceptJapanese?

Chapter2Educationalvisits(Languageandwriting)


Chapter2Educationalvisits(Languageandwriting)

选择填空

1.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_______inturn,you_______sotired.

A.drove;didn’tB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

2.______,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.

A.IftheydonothelpusB.Wasitnotfortheirhelp

C.ShouldtheyoffertohelpusD.Butfortheirhelp

3.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WasheleavingB.Ifheisleaving

C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

4.IfonlyI_______howtooperateacomputerasyoudo!

A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew

5.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit________.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

6.Thechairmanrequestedthat_______

A.themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefully

B.theproblemsweremorecarefullystudied

C.theproblemscouldbestudiedwithmorecare

D.themembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully

7.IfI_______you,I______moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpayB.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay

8.Wecannotimaginewhatourworld________likewithoutelectricpower.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldbeD.were

9.Therewasahalfsmileonhisfacewhichsuggestedthathe_______happytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.

A.wasB.shouldbeC.wouldbeD.were

10.Weallagreedtohersuggestionthatwe_______totheGreatWallforsightseeing.

A.willgoB.goC.shallgoD.shouldhavegone

11.Theboyacted____hehadneverlivedinCanadabefore.

A.asthoughB.evenifC.asD.since

12.____tothedoctorrightaway,hemighthavebeenalive.

A.IfhewentB.WerehegoneC.ShouldhehavegoneD.Hadhegone

13.Ifyouwereolder,I____youtogothereyesterday.

A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed

14.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey____themeninatonce.

A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring

15.IwishI____abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe

16.Ifwe____heretenminutesearlier,we___thebus.

A.arrived/wouldcatchB.arrived/wouldhavecaught

C.hadarrived/hadcaughtD.hadarrived/wouldhavecaught

17.IfI____moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.

A.hadB.hadhadC.havehadD.wouldhave

18.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.

A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome

19.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing_____rightaway.

A.wouldbearrestedB.mustbearrested

C.bearrestedD.hadtobearrested

20.Jane’suncleinsisted____inthishotelanylonger.

A.notstayingB.nottostayC.thathenotstayD.stayingnot

1.本句是对过去情况的虚拟。意为:如果我们轮流开车的话,你就不会那么累了。对过去虚拟,if条件句用过去完成式,haddriven,主句用wouldn’thavegot。选D

2.选D。这里是含蓄虚拟语气用法。这句话的意思是:要不是他们帮忙,我们是不会按时完成工作的。

3.选C。这是考查倒装虚拟语气。原来顺序是:Ifheweretoleavetoday,表示对将要发生动作的虚拟,用过去将来时。这话意思是:如果他今天出发的话,那周五就应该到了。

4.Ifonly引导的句子,与wish用法一样,对现在的情况表示虚拟,用过去时。选D。全句意为“要是我像你一样懂得怎样操作计算机就好了。”

5.asif引导状语从句,用一般过去时表示对现在情况的虚拟。选C。全句意为:当把铅笔放到一杯水中时,它看上去好像断了。broken过去分词作状语,表示“断的状态。”

6.suggest,request,order,demand,insist等表示建议,命令,要求,坚持的词后加宾语从句,要用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do。选D。

7.对现在情况虚拟的句子,条件句用一般过去时,be动词要用were,主句用would+动词原形。选D。

8.本题考查含蓄虚拟结构。without短语相当于一个条件句ifourworldhadnoelectricpower。对现在或将来情况的虚拟,主句用“would+动词原形”。选C。

9.suggest在做“表明,暗示”解释时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气。选A。全句意为“他脸上微微的笑容表明他很高兴将自己的生命献给了国家。”

10.表示“建议”“要求”“命令”等名词后面的主语从句,表语从句及同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,谓语动词形式为(should)do。题中thatwe…作suggestion的同位语从句。本句中“我们”还“没有去”,不能用完成式,排除D。选B。

11.A12.D13.C14.D15.C

16.D17.B18.C19.C20.C

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