2010高考二轮复习英语考案:介词和连词
1.Theteacheriswriting____apieceofchalkontheblackboardwhilethestudentsarewriting____inkinexercisebooks.
A.with,inB.in,withC.in,inD.with,with
2.Theworkercanmakechairs____wood,andalsocanmakepaper____wood.
A.from,ofB.of,fromC.of.ofD.from,from
3.Marydroppedin____MrSmith,buthewasntathome,soshewenttodropin____MrSmithsoffice.
A.on,onB.at,atC.on.atD.at.on
4.Theteacherisnotonlystrict____hispupilsbutalsostrict____hisownwork.
A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in
5.Hisgrandfatherdied____thewoundthattheenemysoldierhadgivenhim.andthenhisgrand-
motherdied____hungryandcold.
A.from,ofB.of,fromC.from,fromD.of.of
6.Ifyourun____twoharesyouwillcatchneither.
A.intoB.afterC.offD.outof
7.Thisisacommonmistake____students.
A.betweenB.overC.amongD.about
8.Myfatherbegantowork____abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.
A.forB.toC.atD.as
9._____hearingthenews,Iwaswild____joy.
A.At,inB.On,withC.After,byD./,over
10.IdontthinkXiaoLiis____theotherstudents____mathematics.
A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at
11.Nobodyknowsit____me.
A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but
12.Thewindowisneveropened____insummer.
A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor
13.Ithappened____theLongMarch.
A.duringB.inC.atD.for
14.Wegotoschool____abike.
A.inB.onC.byD.ove
15.Itsverykind____youtorepairthebike____me.
A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of
16.Freshairisgood____yourhealth.
A.atB.forC.ofD.to
17.Theboyiswaiting____hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait____theirsickmother.
A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on
18.Thegroupismadeup____fivestudents.Andtheyarestudyinghardtomakeup____thelosttime.
A.of,ofB.for,forC.of,forD.for,of
19.ThePLAmansavedtheboy____death.
A.ofB.fromC.toD.on
20.Hewillcome____threedays.
A.beforeB.afterC.inD.later
21.HewenttoBeijingandreturned____threedays.
A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after
22.Hewillreturn____threeoclock.
A.afterB.inC.onD.at
23.Hewrotethearticle____threedays.
A.atB.inC.onD.by
24.Iagree____whatyousaid.
A.toB.onC.withD.at
25.Doyouagree____thisplan(arrangement)?
A.atB.withC.onD.to
26.Finallytheyagreed____thetermsofthecontract.
A.onB.toC.withD.at
27.Doyouoftenhear____yourbrother?
A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about
28.1heard____thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.
A.outB.fromC.ofD.with
29.Theplaneflew____thecity.
A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over
30.Wewalked____theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.
A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
31.Iwaswandering____thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailorsshop.
A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past
32.Ourbusdrove____theGreatHallofthePeople.
A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over
33.____thesun,nothingwouldgrow.
A.ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without
34.Theteacherisbusy____teaching.
A.withB.forC.onD.of
35.Theteacherisbusy____correctingpapers.
A.forB.inC.onD.of
36.WeleftXian_.___averyhotsummerafternoon.
A.onB.inC.duringD.by
37.Shefeltdisappointedwhenshefoundouttheyhadgoneswimming____her.
A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.without
38.Histeacherwasangry____him____hisbeinglate.
A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about
39.Myfatherwasdisappointed____thenews.
A.byB.aboutC.atD.on
40.MrWangwenttoNanjing____October,1998andcamebackhome____themorningofNov.5.
A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from
41.Myunclelives____105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis____thefifthfloor.
A.at;onB.at;atC.on;inD.of;to
42.Idontthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem____theteachershelp.
A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without
43.Heisrunning____thewindtowardstheeastofthestation____Tomisrunning____theright.
A.down;and;onB.against;while;onC.for;with;inD.with;while;to
44.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruck____thebeautyofnaturethathestayed____anothernight.
A.at;onB.with;atC.for;inD.by;for
45.Manypeoplearestill____thehabitofwritingsillythings____publicplaces.
A.at;atB.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at
46.-Doyougothere____bus?-No,wegothere____atrain.
A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with
47.Imadethecoat____myownhands.Itwasmade____hand,notwithamachine.
A.in;inB.in;withC.with;byD.with;with
48.Thetrees____frontofthehouseare____thechargeofOldLi.
A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in
49.Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.
A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during
50.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages____French?
A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside
51.Helookedquitehealthy____hewas____theageofseventy.
A.when;atB.because;inC.if;forD.though;at
52.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?
-____1982.
A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since
53.Didyouhaveanytrouble____thepostoffice?
A.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding
54.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo____it.
A.aboutB.withC.forD.of
55.Somethingmustbedonetopreventourcity____bythicksmoke.
A.tobepollutedB.frompollutingC.frombeingpollutedD.polluting
56.____thestudentslikesthepaintings.Whichiswrong?
A.TheteacheraswellasB.NobodybutC.TheteacherbesidesD.Allexcept
57.Henry,____MaryandTom,iscomingtoChinaforavisit.Whichiswrong?
A.togetherwithB.likeC.andnotD.butinadditionto
58.Taiwanis____theeastofFujian.
A.inB.atC.toD.on
59.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon____afewdays.
A.sinceB.inC.onD.after
60.Weofferedhimourcongratulations____hispassingthecollegeentranceexams.
A.atB.onC.forD.of
61.Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation____theword"right".
A.ofB.asC.toD.from
62.Thetrainleaves____6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.atthelatest.
A.at;untilB.for;afterC.at;byD.before;around
63.Go____thegateandyou11findtheentrance____thepark____theotherside.
A.through;to;onB.along;of;onC.down;to;atD.up;of;by
64.One____fivewillhavethechancetojoininthegame.
A.withinB.amongC.inD.from
65.Becauseofherdevotion_____music,shehasbecomefriendlywithMr.Zhang.
A.inB.toC.withD.on
66.Whatideacanamanwhoisblindfrombirthhave_____color?
A.inB./C.withD.of
67.Somepeoplesaythatwelive_____theageofcomputers.
A.inB.atC.withD.for
68.---MayIattendyourlecture,Mr.Green?
---Welcome_____openarms.
A.withB.byC.inD.for
69._____defeated,theydidntloseheart.
A.Inspiteof B.ExceptforC.ThoughD.Until
70.IsawJackyesterday.Hetoldmethathewouldstayhere_____theendofthisyear.
A.atB.byC.forD.till
71.Thetrainleavesat6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.atthelatest.
A.untilB.afterC.byD.around
72.Theboyoughttohavegonetoschool___,butheslept___noon.
A.inthemorning,atB.thatmorning,at
C.inthatmorning,untilD.thatmorning,until
73.Thedoctorwillbefree____.
A.10minuteslaterB.aftertenminutes
C.intenminutesD.10minutesafter
74._____moststudents,shewasalwayswellpreparedandnevercametoclasslate.
A.LikeB.AsC.ForD.To
75.Letswalkover___theshopontheothersideofthestreet.
A.inB.toC.underD.by
76.Thenumberoftheemployeeshasgrownfrom1,000to1,200.Thismeansithasrisen____20percent.
A.byB.atC.toD.with
77.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through
78.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage___French?
A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside
79.Iknownothingabouttheyounglady___sheisfromBeijing.
A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besides
80.---Youaresolucky.
---Whatdoyoumean____that?
A.forB.inC.ofD.by
81.Heisveryold,____hestillworksveryhard.
A.butB.ifC.whenD.as
82.____youaredismissed.
A.NeitheryougonorB.Eitheryougoor
C.WhetheryougoorD.Bothyougoand
83.Theyhadcampedoncebefore,____theyknewwhattotake.
A.becauseB.nowC.soD.since
84.Whythesethingshappenedwas____thedriverhadbeencareless.
A.becauseofB.owingtoC.duetoD.that
85.Although,itsraining,____arestillworkinginthefields.
A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey
86.___wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogroundsofcomplaint.
A.SoB.SincethatC.NowthatD.Bynow.
87.Writeclearly____yourteachercanunderstand.youcorrectly.
A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothat
88.Youllmissthetrain____youhurryup.
A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until
89.Francisdidthetask____hisbrother.
A.asgoodasB.asbetterasC.aswellasD.asbestas
90.Thesizeoftheaudience,____wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.
A.asB.whatC.thatD.whom
91.IthoughthehatedtheTV.Youareright,____hestillwatchestheprogram.
A.yetB.besidesC.alsoD.then
92.Itlooks____itsgoingtorain.
A.thatB.asC.asifD.likethat
93.____toNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.
A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.WhenshewentD.Sinceshewent
94.___hedaydreamed,Petersawfiguresinthesky.
A.UntilB.SinceC.WhileD.During
95.Wearrivedatthestation____thetrainhadleft.
A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when
96.____hewasinpoorhealth,heworkedjustashardaseveryoneelse.
A.ButB.AlthoughC.EvenifD.If
97.Givemeonemoreminute____Illhavefinished.
A.soB.untilC.andD.when
98.TheworkerhuntedforjobsinNewYorkformonths,____hecouldnotfindanywork.
A.andB.yetC.orD.andbut
99.Hurryup,____youllbelate.
A.orB.andC.soD.yet
100.Donotmakethesamemistake____Idid.
A.soB.asC.likeD.that
101.Mysisterisexpectingme,____Imustbeoffnow.
A.howeverB.orC.soD.otherwise
102.Weshouldpayattention____toindustry____toagriculture.
A.either,orB.neither,norC.not,butD.both,and
103.Heranoff____Icouldstophim.
A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when
104.____youtoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.
A.TillB.UntilC.AfterD.Since
105.Wherehaveyoubeen____youlefthome?
A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when
106.____theproblemofmethodissolved,talkingaboutthetaskisuseless.
A.UntilB.SinceC.AfterD.Unless
107.Wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyear____wedidlastyear.
A.asB.thanC.likeD.white
108.Itislate;____,Imtootiredtogoout.
A.besidesB.exceptC.exceptforD.exceptthat
109.Everythingaroundusis____solid..liquid____gas.
A.not...but...B.either...or...C.neither...nor...D.whether...or...
110.Hewillcome____youaskhim.
A.whetherB.unlessC.ifD.while
111.____hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whether
112.Idontknow____tostayathomeorgoout.
A.whetherB.ifC.howD.where
113.Hespokeloudly____theaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.
A.soB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto
114.Thebookisnoteasy.____itsratherdifficult.
A.OntheonehandB.Onthecontrary
C.OntheotherhandD.Ontheothercontrary
115.Youmustworkhard,____youwillnotlearnEnglishwell.
A.ifB.whetherC.otherwiseD.unless
116.Itrainedheavily,____thebasketballmatchhadtobeputoff.
A.sothatB.whenC.otherwiseD.therefore
参考答案
1-5ABCDA6-10BCDBC11-15DBABC16-20BACBC21-25DABCD
26-30ABCDA31-35BCDAB36-40ADDCC41-45ADBDB46-50CCACC
51-55DDDBC56-60DCCBB61-65BCACB66-70DAACD71-75CDCAB
76-80ACCCD81-85ABCDA86-90CDACA91-95ACDBA96-100BCBAB
101-105CDABC106-110BBABC111-115DACBC116A
备战高考英语(通用版)一轮复习
专题03介词及介词短语
介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等,在年和全国各地高考试题中,都涉及到介词的考查,不仅在单项填空中进行考查,在短文改错题中,对于介词的有无、介词与其他词的固定搭配的考查尤为频繁。笔者认为因为介词的用法非常普遍,它关系到句子的上下衔接,所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。
高考研究介词是英语中比较活跃的词,中学阶段所学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活,意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时,应重点掌握介词的基本用法,同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。
1.介词可按其构成分为:
(1)简单介词,即一个介词,如about,at,in,of,since等。
(2)复合介词,由两个介词组成,如asfor,asto,outof等。?
(3)二重介词,由两个介词搭配而成,但没有复合介词那样固定,如fromunder,frombehind,untilafter,exceptin等。?
(4)短语介词,由短语构成,如?according?to,becauseof,inspiteof,onbehalfof,withreferenceto等。?
(5)分词介词,由现在分词构成,如regarding,concerning,including等。
2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种:
(1)表地点(包括动向),如about,
above,across,after,along,among,around,at,before,behind,below,beneath,beside,between,beyond,by,down,from,in,into,near,off,on,over,through,throughout,to,towards,under,up,upon,with,within,without等。?
[注]有不少表地点的介词可表动向,除很明显的across,around,over,towards,near外,还有among,behind,beneath,between,on,to,under等。
(2)表时间,如about,after,around,as,at,before,behind,between,by,during,for,from,in,into,of,on,over,past,since,through,throughout,till(until),to,towards,within等。?
(3)表除去,如besides,but,except等。?
(4)表比较,如as,like,above,over等。?
(5)表反对,如against,with等。?
(6)表原因、目的,如for,with,from等。?
(7)表结果,如to,with,without等。?
(8)表手段、方式,如by,in,with等。?
(9)表所属,如of,with等。?
(10)表条件,如on,without,?considering?等。?
(11)表让步,如despite,inspiteof等。?
(12)表关于,如about,concerning,?regarding?,withregardto,asfor,asto等。?
(13)表对于,如to,for,over,at,with等。?
(14)表根据,如on,accordingto等。?
(15)表其他,如for(赞成),without(没有)等。?
(一)介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语:Thebookonthetableismine.
2、作状语:Wehavebreakfastatseven.(表时间);Theywerelateformeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.(表原因);Theystartedthemachinebypressingthebutton.(表方法)
3、作表语:Mydictionary中学isinthebag.
4、作宾语补足语:Ifoundhimintheoffice.
(二)主要介词区别
1、表示时间的at,in,on:at表示片刻的时间,如:at8o’clock,常用词组有:atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,attheendof,atthattime,atthebeginningof,attheageof,atChristmas,atNewYear等。in表示一段的时间,如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inOctober,in1998,insummer,inthepast,inthefuture等。on总是跟日子有关,onMonday,onChristmasmorning,onthefollowing,onMayDay,onawarmmorning等。
2、表示时间的since和from:since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程,常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始,不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如:Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday./Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.
3、表示时间的in和after:两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后,区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”,而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点之后)”,in短语和将来时态连用,after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如:We’llbebackinthreedays./Afterseventherainbegantofall./Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?
注意:after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过去时里)。如:Aftertwomonthshereturned.
4、表示地理位置的in,on,to:in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外。如:ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina./MongoliaisonthenorthofChina./JapanistotheeastofChina.
5、表示“在……上”的on和in:on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。如:Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper./Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper./Hedugaholeinthewall.
6、表示“穿过……”的through和across:through表示从内部通过,与in有关;across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。如:Waterflowsthroughthepipe./Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.
7、inthecorner,onthecorner,atthecorner:inthecorner表示在角落里,in指角的内面;onthecorner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;atthecorner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如:Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom./Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner./Hesatonthecornerofthetable.
8、intheend,attheendof,bytheendof:intheend作“最后”、“终于”解,可单独使用,后不接介词of;attheendof表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;bytheendof作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。如:Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety./Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden./TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek./bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.
9、表示“关于”的about和on:两者都有“关于”的意思,不过前者为一般用词,而后者为较正式的“论述”。如:Hecametotellmeaboutsomethingimportant./Hewroteabookonscience.
10、between,among:一般说来,between表示两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如:Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme./Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,如果强调的是两两相互间接关系,适用于between。如:Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如:Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.。在谈事物间的差别时,总是用between。如:Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,oatsandbarley.
11、besides,except,but,exceptfor:besides指“除了……还有,再加上”。如:Allwentoutbesidesme.;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。如:Allwentoutexceptme.;but与except意思近似,表示“除了……外”经常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑问词后面。如:Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.;exceptfor表示“如无……就,只是”表明理由细节。如:Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.。
12、表示“用”的in和with:表示工具的“用”,用with,而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”,用in。如:Heiswritingaletterwithapen./Hewrotetheletterinpencil./Wemeasureditinpounds./Readthetextinaloudvoice./TellmethestoryinEnglish.
13、inchargeof和inthechargeof:两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于:inchargeof后接被照管的人或物,而inthechargeof后面则跟照管的人。如:Whoisinchargeoftheproject?/Theprojectisinthechargeofanengineer.。
14、as,like:as作“作为”、“以……地位或身份”解。如:Letmespeaktoyouasafather.(事实是父亲);like作“象……一样”解。如:Letmespeaktoyoulikeafather.(事实上不是父亲)。
15、infrontof和inthefrontof:infrontof=before,是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物内);inthefrontof则是“在……前部”的意思(在某物内)。如:Thereisadeskinfrontoftheblackboard./Theboysatinthefrontofthecar.。
16、in,into:into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置。如:Wewalkedintothepark.;in通常表示位置。如:Wewalkedinthepark;in和drop,fall,put,throw,break等终止性动词连用时,也可以表示动向。如:Ihaveputthecoinin(into)mypocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
复习时需注意的要点
1、介词一般放在名词之前,但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词、疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
2、介词和动词、形容词、名词等常常构成固定搭配,也就是说,在这些词的后面常常要求用一定的介词。这一点在学习时要特别注意。如:
a.动词+介词:laughat,waitfor
b.形容词、过去分词+介词:begoodat,beproudof
c名词+介词:payavisitto,thekeyto
3、表示选择关系的连词,连接的双方只取其一。常用连词有or,either...or,otherwise
例如:
a)YoucangotoBeijingeithertodayortomorrow.
b)Youmustgetupearlyoryouwon’tcatchtheearlybus.
4、表示转折关系,连接的双方构成对比,意义上有转折。常用连词有but,however,while,only
例如:
a)Hisbrotherisfondoffootballwhilehelikesbasketball.
b)YoucanwatchTV,butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.
5、表示联合关系,联合的双方是对等的,意义上趋向一致。常用连词有:and,both...and,neither...nor,notonly...butalso,aswellas
TostudyEnglishwell,weneedbothdiligenceandcareful.
Thathorseisnotonlytheyoungestamongthefive,butalsorunsthefastest.
6、表示因果关系,连接的双方,互为因果,或者前因后果,或者前果后因。常用的连词有:for,so
例如:
Itmusthaverained,forthegroundiswet.
考点1常见介词的活用
by,with,against,over,on,in,at,besides,for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词,应重点掌握:
1.over可表位置,意为“在……上方,越过;遮住,盖住”,也可表时间,意为“在……期间,(多年)以来”等,它还有“在……(问题)上,对(某事)”等引申意义。如:
①Y0ucan’twearabluejacketoverthatshirt—it’IIlookterrible.你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②Wehadapleasantchatoveracupoftea.我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③Wehearditovertheradio.我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁,靠近;乘(车、船等);不迟于;到……为止;被,由;根据,按照(关系);通过……方式”等,还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有:
byandby不久,迟早byandlarge大体上
byoneself单独bytheway顺便说说
byfar……得多,最……bychance碰巧
byaccident偶然地bymeansof借助
bynomeans绝不,一点也不bymistake错误地
①Thewaterintheriverrosebytwometers.河水上涨了两米。
②HeisanEnglishmanbybirth.他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有,拥有;随着;就……来说;用,以;和,与;对于,关于”等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如:
①Heturnedredwithanger.他气得脸变红了。
②Theproblemwithlookingintospacefromtheearthisthatthereisalotofdustintheearth’sair.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题,就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4.beyond这个词同学们平时接触的机会不是太多,但它却是一个考查热点。beyond表示“(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于;(位置)在……那边,超出……之外;(范围)超过,为……所
不及,超出……的范围”等意思。如:
①Theyarrivedbeyondnineo’clock.他们过了9:00才到。
②Thebookisbeyondme.这本书我看不懂。
③Tomisfarbeyondhiselderbrotherinmaths.汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
典例:(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback______abigtree.
A.inB.belowC.besideD.against
考点2介词的固定搭配-
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1.名词词组:onthecontrary相反;inturn依次;inone’sopinion根据某人的看法;offtime准时;outofreach够不着
2.动词词组:remindsbofsth提醒某人某事;robsbofsth抢劫某人的……;restdtfrom由……引起;callat访问(某地)
3.形容词词组:becuriousabout对……好奇;beproudof因……而自豪;bepopularwith受到……的欢迎
4.介词短语:apartfrom除……Pb;inadditionto除……之外(还);becauseof因为;insteadof代替;infearof为……提心吊胆;forfearof以免;incaseof防备;thanksto由于;inthemiddleof在……中间;accordingto根据;infrontof在……前面;inreturnfor作为对……的回报;inchargeof负责;asaresultof作为……的结果;inexchangefor与……交换等
典例:(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients______name,notcasenumber.
AofBasCbyDwith
C
考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。byname按姓名.
考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析
1.表示时间的介词in的用法如下。表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、月、季、周等一般用介词in,如:inthe1990s,inJanuary,in(the)winter
in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如:inthenight,duringthenight,inthewar,duringthewar。但略有区别:当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during,接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如:duringthediscussion/indiscussingtheproblemduringherstayinHubei/inplayingbasketball/duringthecourseof/indiggingthetunnel
2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
有些时间名词前有one,each,any,every,some,all,next,last,that修饰时,不接介词。如:
thatday,nextSundaysomeday,oneday
4.till、until、to的用法。
(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中,与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如:
Hewaitedformetilltwelveo’clock.
Hedidn’tgetuptill(until)10a.m.(不可用to)
但注意:在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用?until?。如:
Notuntil9a.m.didMr.Smithcomebacktoschool.
(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用,但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如:
fromJulytoSeptember,fromsixto(till)eight(从……到……为止),但frommorningtillnight(从早到晚),不能用to。
5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词
(1)bytheyear/hour/day按年/小时/天,但tothepound按磅算,totheton按吨计。
(2)表泛指的方式、手段:bypost,bytelephone(radio),但onthephone/ontheradio/onTV(电讯器材),byelectricity,byhardwork,learnsth.byheart,throughthesatellite,throughpractice,throughhisownefforts,throughexperience,throughthetelescope
(3)交通工具类。另外:bymeansof用……方法,bywayof经由,取道于,用……方法;withthehelp(permission)ofsb./withsb.’shelp(permission)“在……帮助下”。
(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。
Hebeatthedogwithawhip.(with+工具、机器)
Onesmellswithhisnose.(with+人体器官,但byhand“手工,用手”)
Hestoodupwithpride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)
注意:使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如inEnglish(ink,pencil)。另外如:
inhigh(good,low)spirits,inanger,injoy,incomfort,insorrow,insafety,indanger,inneed,indebt,inlove,infun,inpain,intears,insurprise,ingood(poor)health,ingoodorder,inflower,inaway,inalowvoice,insilence,in(with)satisfaction,inahurry,in(with)words,live/feedonfood,kneelonone’sknee,take(catch)sb.bysurprise(出其不意)
6.表示“除……之外”的几组常用介词比较。
(1)besides“除……以外,(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且,更何况”。如:
Itwastoolatetoseeafilm,andbesides,Iwastired.
(2)except“除去,除……之外(不再有)”。如:
WeallwentexceptJohn.
在否定句中,两词可以换用,如:
Hehasnootherhatsexcept/besidesthisone.
(3)exceptfor“除了……(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句,此时与exceptthat+句子意思相同。如:
Hewasverycleverexceptforcarelessness.
(4)exceptthat...“除了……一点以外”。如:
Hehasnotchangedexceptthatheiswearingdarkglasses.
(5)but和except在表示“除了……以外”时可以通用,但应注意以下三点:前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时,多用but。Allbutonearehere.NobodybutIlikesmakingmodelships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but。Hehasnothingtodobutwait.(前有do,后省to);but与一些固定结构连用。havenochoicebuttodosth.只得做某事,cannotbutdosth.不得不,cannothelpbutdosth.不得不……,butfor...如不是……
7.介词的省略:
介词for表示时间的省略要求。
(1)以all开头的名词短语,for要省略。如:
Istayedwithherallthemorning.
(2)否定句中,表示时间的短语前的for不能省略。如:
Ihaven’tseenyouforthirtyyears.
(3)时间状语在主句之前,for不能省略。如:
Forthewholemorning,theoldmankeptreading.
8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。
(1)要求接to的名词有:key,answer,visit,entrance,apology,introduction,road等。
(2)要求接in的名词有:interest,satisfaction,expert等。
Heisexpertinteachingsmallchildren.
介词的用法很繁杂,要在平时注意积累。
2010高考英语试题
1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,30)Inancienttimes,peoplerarelytravelledlongdistancesandmostfarmersonlytravelled______thelocalmarket.
A.longerthanB.morethanC.asmuchasD.asfaras
D
本题考查介词词组。根据动词travel可判断此处应填关于路程的介词词组,本题即为asfaras。asfaras远到...
2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,25)Seanhasformedthehabitofjogging______thetree-linedavenuefortwohourseveryday.
A.betweenB.alongC.belowD.with
3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,22)ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______me.
A.byB.forC.inD.with
D
考查介词。Idon’thaveenoughmoneywithme意思是我没有随身带那么多钱。
4.(2010高考英语北京卷,29)Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare______everyonesenjoyment.
A.inB.atC.forD.to
C
考察介词。句意为:“不要摘花园里的花好吗?它们是供大家欣赏的。”此处表示目的,“为了”的意思,故用介词for。
5.(2010高考英语浙江卷,7)Iguesswe’vealreadytalkedaboutthisbeforebutI’llaskyouagainjust______.
A.bynatureB.inreturnC.incaseD.bychance
C
本题考查介词短语。分析四个选项的意思:bynature天生地;inreturn作为回报,作为交换;incase万一,以防;bychance偶然地。根据句意:我想我之前已经跟你谈论过这件事,但是以防万一,我再问你一次。
6.(2010高考英语天津卷,13)Myfatherwarnedme______goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.
A.byB.onC.forD.against
7.(2010高考英语四川卷,5)Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback______abigtree.
A.inB.belowC.besideD.against
D
考查介词。句意为:“累了,吉姆背倚着树,很快就睡着了。”against此处意为:“倚着,靠着”;below“在……的下方”;beside“在……的旁边”;in“在……的里面或时间……之后”。
8.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,25)Wereplanningtosendoutathousandinvitations______Expovolunteers.
A.overB.inC.onD.to
D
考查介词。语意:我们打算送1000张邀请函给世博会志愿者。sendsthtosb意为送某物给某人,据此选D项。
9.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,31)Iagreetohissuggestion_______theconditionthathedropsallcharges.
A.byB.inC.onD.to
C
考查固定用法。语意为:我同意接受他的提议,条件是他撤销全部的诉讼。onconditionthat与连词if同义,表示“在……条件下”,后接条件状语从句。根据语意选C项。
10.(2010高考英语江西卷,34)Nowadayssomehospitalsrefertopatients______name,notcasenumber.
AofBasCbyDwith
C
考查介词辨析。句意:如今有些医院是以姓名来查阅患者的,而不是凭病例编号(去查询的)。byname按姓名.
11.(2010高考英语江西卷,29)Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and______,dogsgiveustheirall.
AinallBinfactCinshortDinreturn
12.(2010高考英语湖北卷,30)Itisillegalforapublicofficialtoaskpeopleforgiftsormoney______favorstothem.
A.inpreferencetoB.inplaceof
C.inagreementwithD.inexchangefor
D.
考查介词短语的辨析。句意为:公务员向别人索要礼物或金钱以换取对他们的好处的做法是非法的。D项inexchangefor“交换,调换”在此与题意切合。A项inpreferenceto表示“优先于”;B项inplaceof“代替,取代”;C项inagreementwith“与…一致,与…相符”。
13.(2010高考英语福建卷,27)Moreandmorehigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuiltinbigcities______space.
A.insearchofB.inplaceofC.forlackofD.forfearof
C
考查介词短语。句意为:“因为缺少空间,越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。”A项意为“寻找……”;B项意为“代替,替代”;C项意为“缺乏,短缺”;D项意为“担心,害怕”。据句意可知,C项符合。
高考英语试题
1.(09福建)23.-Howamazingitisthatastronautsareexploringouterspace!
-It’sachallenge,Iguess,managainstnature.
A.ofB.forC.byD.about
A
考查介词。应答句中的Iguess是插入语,因此所填介词与challenge连用,表所属,用of,选A。
2.(09湖北卷)29.You’dsoundalotmorepoliteifyoumakearequest______aquestion.
A.insearchofB.intheformof
C.inneedofD.inthedirectionof
3.(09湖北卷)30.Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwere______because,nooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets.
A.inplaceB.insightC.ineffectD.invain
D.
考查介词短语。根据下文nooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了,应选择invain。inplace“和平地”,insight“在视程内”,ineffect“实际上”。
4.(09全国卷1)34.Everybodywastouched_____wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.
A.beyondB.withoutC.ofD.in
A
考查介词。beyondwords表示“在言语之外”,即不能用言语来表达,也就是“无法形容”了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后,他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
5.(09山东卷)33.Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot_______easyreach.
A.nearB.uponC.withinD.around
C
句意:厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。本题考查介词搭配:withineasyreach在容易达到…的地方;在…的附近。
对复杂句式进行语法分析有助于做出正确选择。
6.(09四川卷)6.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interests_________hisown.
A.belowB.aboveC.inD.on
B
考查介词的用法,putother’sinterestsaboveone’sown意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益至上。
7.(09重庆卷)21.Tryonthisredskirt;youwilllookgreatit..
A.onB.byC.inD.for
C。
考查介词的用法。Sth.Beonsb.“衣服穿在某人身上”;sbbeinsth”某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C。
8.(09陕西卷)8.HeinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshowChristmasEve.
A.atB.onC.inD.by
一天,所以选择B。
考查介词在时间前的应用。
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