古人云,工欲善其事,必先利其器。准备好一份优秀的教案往往是必不可少的。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容,帮助教师能够井然有序的进行教学。优秀有创意的教案要怎样写呢?下面是由小编为大家整理的“《拣麦穗》教案”,仅供参考,大家一起来看看吧。
《拣麦穗》教案11.拣麦穗
教学目标:
1.把握作品的细节描写,体会其语言魅力。
2.学习本文生动传神的语言,纯净朴素的语言风格,学习作者运用语言的技巧。
3.仔细感悟贯穿全文的纯朴的人性之美。
4.体会文中作者蕴涵的思想情感。
教学思路:整体感悟——研读赏析——深入探究
教学重点难点:
1.把握作品的细节描写,体会其语言魅力,学习作者运用语言的技巧.
3通过揣摩语言体会作者的思想情感,提高审美赏析能力。
教学方法:问题教学法,讨论法,讲解法。
教学课时:两课时
一.导语:
a.继冰心之后,中国文坛又出现了一位熠熠闪耀的女作家——张洁。正如她的名字一样,她的文章如一幅“幽雅淡泊的泼墨山水画”,“诗情画意被罩于一层由温柔的忧郁和缠绵所构成的朦胧薄雾之中,有点难以捉摸,却又强烈地拨动读者的心弦”。今天我们一起来学习张洁的散文《拣麦穗》,一起来走进张洁。
b.作者简介:张洁1937年生于北京,原籍辽宁,当代女作家。著有《沉重的翅膀》、《方舟》、《世界上最疼我的那个人去了》等。其中《沉重的翅膀》获得第二届茅盾文学奖。她的作品以“人”和“爱”为创作主题,常在文坛中引起争论。她的作品以浓烈的感情笔触探索人的心灵世界,细腻深挚,优雅醇美。作者在以童年生活为主的“大雁系列”中,作者描述了一个憨知、纯朴的女孩“大雁”追逐美好的人与事的故事,《拣麦穗》就是其中的一篇。
二.字词积累:
a.字音:拣麦穗(suì)磕(kē)碰戏谑(xuè)害臊(sào)山坳(ào)蹒跚(pánshān)
b.b.词义:戏谑:开玩笑;步履:步行,步伐;蹒跚:腿脚不灵便,走路艰难的样子。约莫:推测,估计。企望:期盼,盼望。死乞白赖:纠缠个没完。大言不惭:说大话而毫不感到难为情。
三.整体感知,梳理结构
1.首先请同学们快速地浏览课文,理清文章思路。(四个同学一组)
思考讨论:1.课文已自然地分成三个部分,请给三个部分拟上小标题.
2.结合文章标题思考:谁拣麦穗?在拣麦穗时她们有着什么样的梦?梦实现了吗?两者对梦的态度有怎样的不同?3.贯穿全文的线索是什么?(明线,暗线)
1.第一部分:直接入题,叙写农村姑娘拣麦穗时的幻梦以及幻梦破灭,姑娘们拣麦穗或姑娘们的梦想;
第二部分:回忆“我”童年拣麦穗的幻梦以及得到温爱,我要嫁卖灶糖的老汉或我的梦;
第三部分:卖灶糖老人的离去,“我”渴望爱的幻想破灭,卖灶糖的老汉去了或梦幻的破灭
2.“我”:和姑娘们;我:嫁卖灶糖老汉姑娘们:换取嫁妆,憧憬幸福的婚姻;梦想破灭;我:寄托对人间至真、至善、至美的信念;姑娘们:麻木、顺受.
3.明线:拣麦穗;暗线:爱。汇成一曲催人泪下的人间挚爱的歌.
四.赏析全文.
A.精读第一部分.讨论思考下面的问题:
1、课文开头部分写到农村姑娘拣麦穗时的梦,它在全文中有什么作用?
引导:a.为故事提供了一个背景:自然环境,社会环境.
讲解:前者是一个广阔的大背景,在这个表面美好,实则灰暗的背景下,作者不仅巧妙地暗示了世俗婚姻的愚昧和广大农村妇女在爱情婚姻方面的不幸,更哀叹了人生美好事物的易逝——连自己都不自觉地就放弃了,就像那些农村姑娘一样。这也是全文的情感基调(令人伤心、惆怅)。而后者表现的是一个具体的“个案”,表达的是一个天真烂漫幼女纯真的爱心。对比描述两种美梦的破灭,我们不难发现,两种美梦实际上有着巨大的反差。
b.总领全文,并贯穿全文,为下文写“我”儿时幼稚,纯真的梦作铺垫。
B.请同学分角色朗读第二部分(独白,“我”,二姨,老汉各一位同学).
讨论思考下面的问题:
1.我是怎样的女孩?天真烂漫,幼稚纯真.天真无邪
2.怎样理解“我”的梦想——嫁给一个卖灶糖的老汉?
正因为“我”天真烂漫,幼稚纯真,才会有那样天真的想法。“我”的梦想和一般的农村姑娘的梦想不同,更让人同情,“我”也因此得到老汉的爱护。
3.老汉是一个怎样的人?
这位老汉是一个十分慈祥和善的人,以卖灶糖为生,勤劳而乐观,对“我”很好,并非是真的想要娶“我”,“他那样朴素地疼爱我——没有任何希求,也没有任何企望的”。
4.老汉真是为了要娶“我”吗?怎样理解老汉对我的爱?
不是.老汉对我的爱是没有任何希求,没有任何企望的.这才是人世间至真,至善,至美的爱.也是作者才讴歌的爱.
C.精读第三部分,讨论思考下面的问题:
A.课文写到“我”在村口的柿子树下站着等卖灶糖的老汉时,有一段这样的描写:
那棵树的顶梢梢上,还挂着一个小火柿子。小火柿子让冬日的太阳一照,更是红得透亮。那个柿子多半是因为长在太高的枝上,才没有让人摘下来。真怪,可它也没让风刮下来,让雨打下来,让雪压下来.……我仍旧站在那棵柿子树下,望着树梢上那个孤零零的小火柿子。它那红得透亮的色泽,依然给人一种喜盈盈的感觉。……(第三部分第7段和第9段)
1、请问这里运用了什么表现手法?(象征)
象征:就是在文学作品中,明写甲事物,借写甲事物暗示乙事物,但甲事物本身作为一种表现手段,一种具体形象,也要求给予充分注意。
②运用了反衬手法。用“红得透亮的色泽”、“喜盈盈的感觉”反衬“我”听到卖灶糖老人离开人世时极度悲哀的心境,这里以乐景写哀景,使悲哀的感受更透彻肺腑。
2.“小火柿子”在这里有什么象征意义?
“小火柿子”在这里象征了自然界中那些生命力顽强的美好事物,它们历经风雨,不改本色。
3、寄托了作者什么样的思想感情?寄托了对卖灶糖老汉的依恋和喜爱以及对老汉离世的悲伤、痛苦、怀念之情。寄托了作者对人性美对人与人之间纯真感情的赞歌,对理想的人生形式的执着追求。
B.真的我常常想念他,也常常想要找到那个皱皱巴巴的,像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是,它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。
1.“烟荷包”在文中寄托了作者怎样的思想情感?为什么作者常常想找到那个象猪肚子一样的烟荷包?
①“烟荷包”寄托了作者对老汉的思念与感恩之情。
②“烟荷包”虽然粗糙、丑陋,但它饱含了作者对老汉所给予的那份朴素的疼爱的回忆,作者想找到它,就是想找到生活中朴素的温爱,这种温爱是作者一生最宝贵的精神财富。
五.体会感情:年少时每个人都有过五彩缤纷的梦,梦虽美丽,有时却如肥皂泡一般被现实一触即溃。于是有人沮丧,有人绝望,也有人重新点燃理想的火花。下面请同学们有感情地诵读第一和第三部分,初步体会文中作者的感情。请两个朗读较好学生读。
提问:你们从他们的朗读中感受到作者怎样的感情?
讨论引导:微带感伤的感情基调,令人伤心,惆怅。
六.品味语言,品味细节描写:大家已感受到文中弥漫的淡淡的感伤与惆怅。下面请大家共同来品味这两部分的语言,看看能否有更深刻更细腻的感受?(四人一组交流讨论,然后谈谈自己喜欢的,印象深刻的句子)我也找了三处,让我们来共同品味。
1.等到田野腾起一层薄雾,月亮像是偷偷地睡过一觉重又悄悄地回到天边,她方才挎着装满麦穗的篮子,走回自家那孔破窑的时候,她想的又是什么呢?唉,她能想什么呢!
学生读,然后四个同学一组思考讨论问题:
去掉加点的部分,表达效果有什么不同?
(①月亮升起仿佛是隐秘的,羞涩的,犹如少女拣麦穗时的心情。
②突出“能”,她们没有太多的奢望,只想嫁个好人。)
2.觉得多少年来,她们拣呀、缝呀、绣呀,实在是多么傻啊!她们要嫁的那个男人,和她们在拣麦穗、扯花布、绣花鞋的时候所幻想的那个男人,有着多么大的不同,又有着多么大的距离。但是,她们还是依依顺顺地嫁了出去,只不过在穿戴那些衣物的时候,再也找不到做它,缝它时的那种心情了。
学生读,四个同学一组思考讨论问题:
第一处加点部分与前文“拣呀、缝呀、绣呀”似乎有些重复,换成“当初”,不是更简洁吗?“依依顺顺”去掉之后,表情达意有什么不同?作者在这里流露出怎样的感情?
(①强调她们为准备嫁妆做了许多,而这一切在她们出嫁时全都成为一场虚空,更显出惆怅和伤感。
②“依依顺顺”有这样的意味:梦幻破灭就破灭吧,认命吧。这里有对现实的无可奈何,屈服和认同。作者对她们依依顺顺的出嫁有否定,更多的是同情和理解。)
3.真的,我常常想念他,也常常想要找到那个皱皱巴巴的,像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是,它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。
学生读,思考讨论问题:
把“常常”换成“很”,好吗?“皱皱巴巴的,烟肚子一样的”用词既不美,又与前文重复,删掉也不影响句子表达,那么可否删掉?最后一个句子表达了作者怎样的感情?
(①“很”表明感情的程度深,刻骨铭心,“常常”指从那时到现在思念频率之高,过去的经历,和老汉之间纯真的情意从未忘怀,表达“我”对逝去的美好事物仍抱有不灭的怀念与追求。
②多次提到“皱皱巴巴的,烟肚子一样的”烟荷包,是因为它会让人想到纯真的童年时代,寄托了“我”儿时纯真的梦想和对美好感情的憧憬。最后一句传达出作者对美好感情和美好事物逝去的惆怅与感伤,与作品开头营造的淡淡的哀愁这种感情基调相一致。)
4.提问学生:让每个小组谈一谈所找的喜欢句子,谈谈他们的感受。以小组为单位,多鼓励,一个成员发言,其它成员可以补充。看哪一个小组说得好。
七.小结:拣麦穗以一种舒缓从容而略带伤感的笔调描述一个憨知、纯朴的女孩追逐美好的人和事的故事,是对人性美、对人与人之间纯真感情的赞颂。
今天我们通过诵读,品味语言分享了张洁的一段令人伤感的儿时经历,感受到她对至真至纯的美好感情的渴求,向往。也愿我们每个人心中的那份美好如风霜不倒的火柿子永远鲜红透亮。
一名优秀的教师在每次教学前有自己的事先计划,作为教师就要根据教学内容制定合适的教案。教案可以让学生更容易听懂所讲的内容,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。那么一篇好的教案要怎么才能写好呢?以下是小编收集整理的“3.11《拣麦穗》教案1(粤教版必修一)”,希望能为您提供更多的参考。
3.11《拣麦穗》教案1(粤教版必修一)
教材:粤教版高中语文必修一
教材理解:《拣麦穗》是一篇富有哲理性的记事散文,作者用一种舒缓从容而略带伤感的语调叙述童年的往事,渴望用自己的笔帮助读者走向充满同情、友爱、关怀、信任的纯净世界,在此文中让我们体会到人性的至真、至纯、至美。
教学设想:此文是一篇基本阅读课文,全文虽较长,但大部分是人物的对话,相对来说比较浅显,教师对此文可以大胆的尝试在教师的引导下让学生自己去阅读把握,培养学生一种仁爱思想。
教学目标:1、把握文本的感情基调,品味作者的思想感情。
2、品味本文的语言描写、细节描写。
教学重点与难点:把握文章的主旨,树立仁爱思想。
教学准备:多媒体课件
教学课时:1课时
教学设计:
一、创设情境,导入新课:
播放歌曲《童年》,让学生回想在童年时最让他们动心及难忘的事。
二、学习目标展示:
1、把握文本的感情基调,品味作者的思想感情。
2、品味本文的语言描写、细节描写。
三、学生自主学习:(学生阅读文本思考下面几个问题)
提问:1、文章写了什么故事?
2、你读后是一种什么心情,哭?笑?……
3、作者想告诉我们什么?
四、反馈评价:
1、文章写了什么故事?读后的心情?
一、背景农村姑娘纯真的梦和梦想破灭
拣麦穗
(忧伤)二、我的梦“我”和卖灶糖老汉的纯真情谊以及对其的怀念
五、问题探究:
1、了解作者。
张洁:我国现当代著名的女作家。小说散文集有《爱是不能忘记的》、《方舟》,小说集《祖母绿》。而长篇小说《沉重的翅膀》获得全国第二届茅盾文学奖(作品以“爱”和“美”为创作主题)。
2、请找出大雁与卖灶糖老汉的对话,及细节描写,分析人物形象?
学生分角色朗读人物对话,通过细节描写,概括人物形象。思考为何二个不同性格的人物作者能将他们联系在一起。(爱)
3、(反馈评价)作者想告诉我们什么?
在这一老一少之间,联系他们的纽带只是一句所有人都不当真话的小孩稚言,而老人却为一个贪吃的孩子付出了他朴素的爱;也因为童言无忌,“我”使一位饱经生活风霜的老人在孤独中品味到了一丝温情。一边是懵懂的小女孩,一边是漂泊的老人,在这两个陌生人之间却传递着关爱、依恋和珍惜。我们从中体会到作者对人性的至真、至纯、至美的歌颂。
六、分层训练:
1、那棵柿子树的顶梢梢上,还挂着一个小火柿子……这里用了什么表现手法,体现作者什么感情?
2、在我们生活中你也许也遇到过“没有任何希求,没有任何企望的”的爱,请同学们拿出笔记录下这些爱,谈谈你的看法。
七、教师寄语:(让世界充满爱,伴随全班学生一起唱此歌结束教学)
轻轻地捧着你的脸/为你把眼泪擦干/这颗心永远属于你/告诉我不再孤单/深深地凝望你的眼/不需要更多的语言/紧紧地握住你的手/这温暖依旧未改变/我们同欢乐/我们同忍受/我们怀着同样的期待/我们共风雨/我们共追求/我们珍存同一样的爱/无论你我可曾相识/无论在眼前在天边/真心的为你祝愿/祝愿你幸福平安
教学后记:
虽然只用了一课时,但是由于本人的准备充分,学生课前有预习,所以这节课效果很好。主要优点有:1、能尊重学生,发挥学生学习的主动性。2、使用幻灯片、音乐的辅导工具,激发学生的兴趣,帮助学生理解、体会文章的深刻哲理。3、讲解与练习相结合,学生通过拓展活动,既牢固本课的知识,又训练了写作能力。不足在于:在一些小环节上连贯性的语言有待加强。
作为优秀的教学工作者,在教学时能够胸有成竹,作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生能够听懂教师所讲的内容,帮助教师掌握上课时的教学节奏。关于好的教案要怎么样去写呢?考虑到您的需要,小编特地编辑了“Underthesea教学设计”,相信能对大家有所帮助。
Underthesea教学设计
WarmingUpprovidestwoactivitiestosparkstudentsinterestinthetopic.Ofcourse,beforetheclass,thestudentsmusthavegatheredsomeinformationtomakepreparationsforthisclass.Manykindsoftheirfavoriteseaanimalsarepresentedintheirvividpictures.Studentsareencouragedtointroducethemusingsomenewexpressionssuchasatanaquarium,onasnorkellingtrip.
Pre-readingisdesignedtofurtherstimulatetheirinterestinthetopicoftheunit.Meanwhile,studentsmayhavesomebasicinformationaboutthetext.
ThereadingpassageOldTomtheKillerWhaletellsabouttwoanecdoteswitnessedbythewriterhimself.Theteachercanfirstgetstudentstoskimthetextforthecharactersinthetwoanecdotesandgetthemainideaofeachanecdote.Thenletthemscanforfurtherunderstanding.Inordertoletstudentspayattentiontothewritersvividdescription,theteachercanaskthemtodoablank-fillingexerciseinpairstofindoutsomekeyverbsandverbphrases.Havingdonethis,studentsmusthavehadaveryclearunderstandingofthewholehuntingandsavingprocess.Tomaketheirunderstandingeasier,theteachershoulddealwithanylanguageproblemswhiletheyarereading.Andthenunderlinesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.
Forfurtherthinking,studentsareexpectedtoworkinpairsorgroups.Theywilldiscusstheproblemsandworkouttheanswerscooperatively,choosingareporterintheirgroup.Studentswillthinkactively,sovariousanswersarepossible.
Toconsolidatethecontentsofthereadingpassage,studentsshouldberequiredtoretellthepassageinthenameofOldTomorthebaleenwhaleorJameswithasmanykeywordsaspossible.
Attheendoftheclass,byholdingadebate,theteachercanarousestudentsinterestfurtheraswellasmakethemawareoftherelationshipbetweenmanandanimalsandtheimportanceofbanningwhaling.
三维目标
知识目标
1.Getstudentstolearntheusefulnewwordsandexpressionsinthispart:anecdote,annual,witness,accommodation,shore,opposite,yell,pause,telescope,teamwork,dive,depth,lip,urge,abandon,shark,relationship,help...out.
2.Letstudentslearnaboutseveraldifferenttypesofwhales,especiallythekillerwhales.
能力目标
1.Enablethestudentstolearntotalkabouttheirfavoriteseaanimals.
2.Developstudentsreadingabilitybylearningtoreadaboutthekillerwhalesandletthemlearndifferentlearningskills.
3.Developtheircreativethinkingability.
情感目标
1.Arousestudentsgreatinterestinseaanimals.
2.Makethemawareoftherelationshipbetweenmanandanimalsandtheimportanceofbanningwhaling.
3.Developstudentssenseofcooperativelearning.
教学重点
1.Readingcomprehensiontothetext.
2.Learningmoreaboutthekillerwhalesandunderstandingtherelationshipbetweenthekillerwhalesandthewhalers.
3.Importantwordsandexpressions.
教学难点
1.Therelationshipbetweenthekillerwhalesandthewhalers.
2.Developstudentsreadingability.
教学方法
1.Individual,pairandgroupwork.
2.Task-basedteachingandlearning.
3.Quiz,discussion,blank-filling,retelling,debate.
教学工具
Acomputerandaprojector.
教学过程
?Step1 Warmingup
1.Asksomestudentstoshowsomepicturesoftheirfavoriteseaanimalsandintroducethemtotheclass.Theintroductionshouldcovertheseaspects:
TheEnglishandChinesenameofyourfavoriteseaanimal.
Wheredidyoufindit?
Somefeaturesofit,itsdistribution,orlivingcondition.Anythingaboutitiswelcome.
Whydoyoulikeit?
Sampleintroduction:
①Myfavoriteseaanimalisdolphins(海豚).Ifoundthematanaquariumthissummerholiday.Dolphinsareverymeek(温顺的).Neitherastimidanimalsinvirginforestswhorunawayimmediatelytheydiscoverastranger,norasbeastsinremotemountainswhobarefangsandbrandishclawsthemomenttheyencounteraperson,dolphinsarealwaysfriendlywithpeople.Dolphinsandhumanbeingshavebeenonfriendlytermsallalong.
Ilikedolphins,becausedolphinsaretrulyintellectual.Theycanevenimitatesomepeoplesvoiceafteraperiodoftraining.Yet,dolphinshaveintelligencedifferentfromcommonanimals.Thevolumeandmassoftheirbrainareamongthemostconsiderableintheanimalworld.Uptothepresentmoment,scientistshavetwodifferentviewsonanimalsintelligence:oneisthatofallanimals,chimpsarethemostintellectualandcapable;anotheristhatchimpsarenomorecapableofstudyingthandolphins,anditisprobablethatdolphinsaremoreintellectualthanchimps.Therefore,somepeopleconsiderdolphinsas“wizardsinthesea”.
Whenmentioningdolphins,peoplewillprobablyspeakhighlyoftheirsupernormalintelligenceandability.Inthataquarium,itiscommonthatdolphinsaregivingawonderfulperformancebyfollowingthetrainersinstructions.Theyseemtobecapableofunderstandingwhatmankindexpressesandtakingactionsaccordingtotheinstructions.Atpresent,themajorityofpeoplemarvelatdolphinssupernormalintelligenceasakindofseaanimal.Buttowhatextentcandolphinsintelligenceandabilityachieve?Itremainstobeprobedandresearched.
②Myfavoriteseaanimalistropicalfish(热带鱼).Ifoundthemonasnorkellingtrip.Iwasattractedbyitscolorfulappearance.Inthehalfanhourstripfromtheshore,Ifoundcoralreefs,tropicalfishandothermarinelife.Excitedly,Iboughtsomefisheshome.Itwasmyfirsttimetoraisetropicalfish.Onemonthagomyfriendtoldmethattropicalfishareeasiertoraisethanthegoldenfish.Herwordsletmethinkofanotherfriendofmine.Heisraisingtropicalfish.Iamfeedingfourcategoriesoftropicalfish.Twoblackmarry,eightpeacocks,anothertwofishes,althoughIdontknowtheirnames,arethemostbeautiful.ThepeacockisthesmallestandisntcolorfulasIhaveseeninotherplacesbefore.Myfriendtoldmetheywillbebeautifulwhentheygrowup.SoIputtheeightpeacockfishintoasmallfishjar.Iobservesthemeverydayandisexpectingthemtobebiggerandmorecolorful.Twoofthefourbigtropicalfisheshavediedincludingthebeautifulone.Perhapsthebeautifulfishslifeisfragile.Ifitistrue,thenIdontexpectthesmallpeacockstoturnbeautiful.Ishouldntbesogreedytowantboth.Thattheyjusthavestronglifeisenoughforme.
2.Theteachershowthepictureofakillerwhaleanddoasmallquizaboutit.
(1)WhatstheChineseandEnglishnameofthiswhale?
虎鲸Killerwhales
(2)CanyoumatchthesewhaleswiththeirChineseandEnglishnames?(Showstudentssomepicturesofdifferentwhales.)
baleenwhale须鲸spermwhale抹香鲸
bluewhale蓝鲸whitewhale白鲸
(3)Whichofthesekindsofwhalescangrowtobethelargest?
Bluewhales蓝鲸(about21-27minlength,100-120tonsinweight)
(4)Humanshavebeenhuntingwhalesformorethan__A__years.
A.2000 B.1000 C.500
(5)Willthekillerwhalesattackpeopleandeatthem? No.
(6)Doesafemalekillerwhalegivebirthtoababywhaleorlayeggs? Givebirthtoababywhale.
(7)Whatdoesanewly-bornbabykillerwhalefeedon?__C__
A.Smallseaanimals.B.Seaplants.C.Itsmothersmilk.
(8)Dothekillersbelongtothefamilyofdolphinsorwhales? Dolphins.
(9)Malekillerwhaleshavealifeexpectancyof__B__years,whilefemalescanliveaslongas__D__years.
A.40-50 B.50-60 C.60-70 D.80-90
(10)Killersarehighlysocialanimalsthattravelingroupscalledpods(群).Podsusuallyconsistof__A__whales.
A.2-50B.20-50C.30-60
(11)Howmanysoundscanakillerwhalemake? 62sounds.
(12)Arekillersendangeredspeciesandinneedofconservation? No.
(13)Thekillerwhalesaresometimescalledthe“__A__ofthesea”becausetheyarebothveryfierce.
A.wolfB.dogC.tiger
?Step2 Pre-reading
1.ReadthewordsinPre-readingonPage19quicklyandfillintheform.
WriterAnoldmancalledClancy
OccupationAwhaler
StyleAnecdotes
TimeAtthebeginningofthe20thcentury
PlaceAustralia
WhathappenedThekillerwhaleshelpedthewhalerscatchabaleenwhale.
?Step3 Skimming
1.Glancethroughthetwoanecdotesanduseonesentencetogetthemainideaofeachanecdote.
Mainideas:
Anecdoteone:Thekillerwhaleshelpedthewhalerstocatchabaleenwhale.
Anecdotetwo:OldTomsavedawhalerJames.
2.Fillintheblankswiththenamesoftherolesinthetext.
(1)______was16yearsofagewhenhewenttoworkatthewhalingstation.
(2)______orderdClancytogototheboatastherewasawhaleoutthereinthebay.
(3)______wasswimmingbytheboatshowingthewhalerstheway.
(4)______toldClancythattheywouldreturnthenextdaytobringinthebodyofthewhale.
(5)______wascarriedbythewavesfurtherandfurtherawayfromthewhalers.
(6)______knewthatOldTomwouldprotectJames.
Suggestedanswers:(1)Clancy (2)George (3)OldTom (4)Jack (5)James (6)Red
?Step4 Scanning
1.Readthesetwoanecdotescarefullyandfindoutsomeverbsorverbphrasestodotheblank-fillingworksheet.
Anecdoteone:
Therewasperfectcooperationbetweenthewhalersandthekillerwhales.
Beforethehunt
Thekillersaction:Threw_itselfout_ofthewaterandthencrashed_downagain.
Swam_bytheboat,showingthewhalerstheway.
Circledbacktotheboat,leadingthewhalerstothehunt.
Thewhalersreaction:Awhaleryelledout.Georgeranahead_of_clancy.Clancyraced_afterhim.
Theyjumped_into_theboatwiththeotherwhalersandheaded_outintothebay.
Duringandafterthehunt
Thekillersaction:Apackofkillersarethrowing_themselvesontopofthewhalesblow-holeto_stopitbreathing;someothersarestoppingitfleeing_outtosea.
Thekillersstartedracing_betweenthewhalersboatandthewhale,justlikeapackofexciteddogs.
Withinamomentortwo,thewhalesbodywasdragged_down_intothedepthsofthesea.
Thewhalersreaction:Themaninthebowoftheboataimedaharpoonatthewhaleandletitgotohitthespot.
Startedturningtheboataroundtogohome.
Anecdotetwo:
ThedangersfacingJames:
(1)Hewaswashed_off_theboatandwascarried_away_byroughwaves.
(2)Therewasasharkoutthere.
ThehelpofferedbyOldTom:
(1)OldTomwouldnt_let_thesharknear.
(2)OldTomfirmlyheldJamesupinthewater.
2.Readingaloudandunderliningexpressions.
Studentsreadthetextaloudtothetapeandunderlinealltheexpressionsinthetext.Putthemdownintotheirnotebooksafterclassashomework.
Suggestedanswers:
Collections:atthetime,witnesssth.withonesowneyesmanytimes,sortoutmyaccommodation,intimetodosth.,crashdown,yellout,aheadof,fleeouttosea,aimat,letsth.go,bedraggedswiftlydownintothedepthsofthesea,inthemeantime,haveagoodfeedonsth.,becarriedfurtherandfurtheraway,befirmlyheldupinthewater
3.Reading,identifyingandsettling.
Studentsskimthetextonceagainandidentifythedifficultsentences.Letthemtryanalyzingthestructuresofthedifficultsentencesanddiscussthemamongtheirgroupmembers.Theymayalsoturntotheteacherforhelp.
...Georgedidntlikebeingkeptwaiting...
...Icouldseeawhalebeingattackedbyapackofaboutsixotherkillers.
Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.
...Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyus.
?Step5 Discussion
Afterthestudentsreadthepassage,askthemtodiscussthefollowingquestionsingroupsandthenreporttotheclass.
1.WhyhasthekillerwhalegotthenameOldTom?
2.Doyoulikekillerwhales?Whyorwhynot?
Suggestedanswers:
1.OldTomisapersonsname.Inmyopinion,thereasonswhythekillerinthetextiscalledsomaybetwo.Foronething,thekillerthatshowedthewhalersthewaytothehuntandsavedJamesmustbeamalekillerwhalebecauseTomisamansname.Foranother,thewhalerscalleditOldTom,justastheywerecallingaman.Thatistosay,thewhalerstreateditastheirdearfriend.Inthemeantime,thekilleritselfmustbeveryfriendlytothewhalersandhelpedthemalotinhuntinginthesea.Inreturn,thekillercangetpartofthebaleenwhaleasitsfood.Sotosomeextent,thewhalersandkillersaredependingoneachother.Theycooperatedwellandlivedinharmonywithoneanother.
2.IlikekillerwhalesbecausewhenJamesfellofftheboat,thekillerwhalenotonlyprotectedhimfrombeingdrownedbutalsowouldntletthesharknear.Theyaresocleverandfriendlytohumanbeings.Whatsmore,theyworkedasateam,whichshouldbelearnedbyuswhenweareworking.
Idontlikethem.Thoughtheyarecleverandfriendlytous,theyaretoofierce.Tomygreatsurprise,theyshouldeatthefleshofanotherwhale.Icouldhardlybelieveit.Ihaveneverheardofoneanimalkillinghisfamiliesandeveneatingtheirmeat.Howpitifulitis!
?Step6 Further-thinking
1.Whatelsedoyouthinkisamazinginthestory?Showyourevidence.
2.Whatisananecdote?
Suggestedanswers:
1.Ithinkitissoamazingthatwehumanbeingsshoulduseoneanimaltoattackorhuntanotheranimalevenhisownfamilymembers,justlikedogsthathelphuntershuntanimals.
Ithinkthatthekillerwillreturnthebodyofthebaleenwhaleinsteadofkeepingitoreatingitupisveryamazing.ButIguessthekillerwhalesarejustfondofthetasteofthebaleenwhaleslipsandtongue.Ortheyjustwanttoshareitwiththewhalersinreturnfortheircooperation.
2.Accordingtothetext,asfarasIamconcerned,ananecdotemustbeanexcitingoramazingstory.
?Step7 Consolidation
Askstudentstoretellthepassagewiththehelpoftheirworksheet.
1.PleaseretelleitherofthetwoanecdotesinthenameofOldTom,thebaleenwhaleorJames.Youranecdoteshouldatleastconsistoftwoparagraphs:
Paragraphone:aboutthewriter,time,placeandwhathappened
Paragraphtwo:detailedinformationabouttheanecdote
Forreference:
InthenameofOldTom
IamOldTom,akillerwhale.IliveinthesoutheasternoceanofAustralia.EnormousasIam,Ineverharmorattackpeople.Instead,Ialwayshelpthewhalerscatchbaleenwhales.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasIandmycompanionswhoassistedthewhalersinhuntingahugebaleenwhale.Andlater,IdidsaveJamesfrombeingdrowned.
Onthatday,whenIfoundabaleenwhalenearby,Iquicklythrewmyselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonastheysawthisandheadedouttothehunt,Iswambytheboat,showingthemtheway.Usuallyweworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofuskillers.Somethrewourselvesontopofthewhalesblow-holetostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersstoppeditfleeingouttosea.Atlast,wesucceededincatchingit.Inthemeantime,weenjoyedthelipsandtongueofthebaleenwhale,leavingtherestofittothewhalersthenextday.
Oneday,Jameswaswashedofftheboat.Theseawasrough.Thewaveswerecarryinghimfurtherandfurtheraway.Worsestill,Isawasharkswimmingaround.FromJamessface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyothersandattackedbytheshark.ButIwouldntletthesharknear.Whentheyapproachedhim,Ihadbeenholdinghimupinthewaterforhalfanhour.
Idohopeyoucouldwitnessthemwithyoureyes.Andmostimportantly,youshouldlearnfromus—“workasateam”!
Inthenameofthebaleenwhale
Iwasapitifulbaleenwhale.IoncelivedinthesoutheasternoceanofAustralia.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,amisfortunedidfalluponme.Tomygreatsorrow,Iwascorneredandkilledbythewhalerswiththehelpofanotherkindofwhalecalledkillerwhales.
Onthatday,IwasfoundbyakillerwhalecalledOldTomnearby.Hequicklythrewhimselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonasthewhalerssawthisandheadedouttothehunt,heswambytheboat,showingthemtheway.Usuallythekillersworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofthem.Somethrewthemselvesontopofmyblow-holetostopmebreathing.Andthoseothersstoppedmefleeingouttosea.Atlast,Iwaswornoutandhadnoluck.Iwasbadlywoundedbyaharpoon.Ididnothingwrong.Whydidtheywanttokillme?Later,Iwasdraggeddownintothedepthsofthesea,havinghadmylipsandtongueeaten.Iwassentbacktothewhalersthenextday.Ireallyhatedthekillers.Iftheyhadnthelpedthewhalers,Icouldhavefledouttoseatoenjoymyrestlife.
InthenameofJames
IamJames,awhaler.IliveonthesoutheasterncoastofAustralia.Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,IwassavedbyOldTom,akillerwhale.
Believeitornot,thekillerwhalescannotonlyhelpushuntbutalsosavepeoplewhentheyareindanger.Oneday,OldTomfoundabaleenwhalenearby,itquicklythrewitselfoutofthewaterandcrasheddownagain.Assoonaswesawthisandheadedouttothehunt,itswambytheboat,showingustheway.Usuallythekillersworkasateam—apackofaboutsixofthem.Somethrewthemselvesontopofthebaleenwhalesblow-holetostopitbreathing.Andthoseothersstoppeditfleeingouttosea.Atlast,wesucceededincatchingit.Inthemeantime,thekillersenjoyedthelipsandtongueofthebaleenwhale,leavingtherestofittousthenextday.
Anotherday,Iwaswashedofftheboat.Theseawasrough.Thewaveswerecarryingmefurtherandfurtheraway.Tomakemattersworse,Isawasharkswimmingaround.Iwasterrifiedofbeingabandonedbyothersandattackedbytheshark.Buttomysurprise,OldTomwouldntletthesharknear.Whenmycompanionsapproachedme,IhadbeenheldupinthewaterbyOldTomforhalfanhour.
Thisexperienceleftadeepimpressiononme.IreallyappreciatedOldTom.Itwasitthatgavemeasecondlife.
?Step8 Debate
ThelastwhalingstationinAustraliaclosedin1978.Whalesarenowanendangeredspeciesandprotectedbyaninternationalban,butsomecountriesopposetheban.Ingroupsdiscussthereasonsforandagainstbanningwhaling.
?Step9 Homework
1.Writedowntheusefulnewwordsandexpressions,thenlearnthembyheart.
2.WritedownananecdoteinthenameofOldTom,thebaleenwhaleorJames.
备课资料
PhysicalDescription
Thekillerwhale,ororca,isthelargestmemberofthedolphinfamily.Killerwhalesarelargeandrobustwithabluntheadandreducedbeak.Withtheirstrikingpigmentation,theyarenotoftenconfusedwithotherspeciesintheirnaturalsetting.Orcasarejetblackwithawhitepatchbehindandabovetheeyes.Thelowerjawandthroatarealsowhite,contiguouswithawhitebellypatchthatextendsbacktothegenitalregion.Theundersidesoftheflukesarewhiteandwhitelobesextendupwardsfromthewhitebellytobehindthedorsalfin.Agreysaddlepatchisfoundbehindthedorsalfin,theshapeofwhichisuniquetoindividualwhales.Thetalldorsalfinofmatureanimals,especiallymales,canreachupto1.8meters(5.9feet).Malesreach8.5meters(28feet)inlength,whilefemalesreach6.7meters(22feet).
NaturalHistory
Killerwhalesareoneofthemostcosmopolitanspeciesofwhales,withadistributionthatspanstropicaloceansandarcticseas.Theyarehighlysocialandformstrongandpersistentsocialbondswiththeirpodmembers.Podsaremadeupofextendedfamilymembersand2ormorepodsmaycometogetherforshortperiodstomate.Theworldskillerwhalepopulationseemstoconsistofsubpopulationsadaptedtolivewithinthespecializednicheoftheirenvironment.Apodsmovementstendstofollowthoseoftheirintendedpreywhich,dependingonlocation,mayincludesalmonherring,baleenwhales,penguinsandseals.
Status
InCanada,killerwhalesarelistedasthreatenedbytheCommitteeontheStatusofEndangeredWildlife(COSEWIC)andareprotectedunderthenewfederalSpeciesatRiskAct(SARA).Otherpopulationsworldwidemaybeprotectedunderspecificnationallegislation.
ThreatstotheSpecies
Althoughtheglobalpopulationofkillerwhalesisnotendangered,differentregionalpopulationsaredepleted.ResidentandtransientpopulationsoffthecoastofVancouver,CanadaandWashingtonState,U.S.,weredepletedbythelivecapturefisheryforaquariathatoccurredbeforescientistsknewhowmanykillerwhalesexistedinthepopulation.Todaythesepopulationsnumberonlyafewhundredwhalesandarethreatenedbypollution,heavyshiptraffic,andpossiblyreducedprey.Becauseofthekillerwhalespopularity,thereareconcernsthatintensivewhalewatchingoperationsmaydrivewhalesfromtheirpreferredhabitat.Aswell,noise-makingdevicesattachedtosalmoncagestoscareoffpredatorsmayalsoforcewhalesoutoftheirpreferredhabitat,affectingtheirabilitytofeed.SomeorcapopulationsarealsohuntedinJapan,Indonesia,GreenlandandtheWestIndies.
外形特征
虎鲸是一种大型齿鲸,身长为8~10米,体重9吨左右,背呈黑色,腹为灰白色,有一个尖尖的背鳍,背鳍弯曲长达1米,嘴巴细长,牙齿锋利,性情凶猛,食肉动物,善于进攻猎物,是企鹅、海豹等动物的天敌。有时它们还袭击其他鲸类,甚至是大白鲨,可称得上是海上霸王。
寿命:雄性:50~60年;雌性:80~90年,甚至100年
雌雄虎鲸外观区别(上雄下雌)
虎鲸的体型极为粗壮,是海豚科中体型最大的物种。头部呈圆锥状,没有突出的嘴喙。大而高耸的背鳍位于背部中央,其形状有高度变异性,雌鲸与未成年虎鲸的背鳍呈镰刀形,而成年雄鲸则多半如棘刺般直立,高度约1至1.8米。胸鳍大而宽阔,大致呈圆形,这点与大多数海豚科成员的典型镰刀状背鳍不同。上、下颚各有10至14对大而尖锐的牙齿作为武器,每颗牙大概有8厘米。在海湾的浅水地带,它还喜欢用尾巴去钩拉海藻,发出“呼呼”的声音,不久,浑身就披满了半透明的海草。
虎鲸的体色图样主要由黑与白这两种对比分明的色彩组成,位于身体腹面的白色区域自下颚往后延伸至肛门处,在全黑的胸鳍之间变得狭窄,到了肚脐后方产生分歧,尾鳍腹面亦为白色。背部与体侧皆为黑色,但在生殖裂附近的侧腹处有白色斑块,眼睛斜后方亦有明显的椭圆形白斑。在背鳍后方有呈灰至白色的马鞍状斑纹。
习性
虎鲸时常会有跃身击浪、浮窥等行为,或是以尾鳍或胸鳍拍击水面。虎鲸的泳速最快可达时速55千米,可闭气17分钟左右。当周遭空气凉爽时,通常可看见它们低矮而呈树枝状的喷气。它们对船只的反应多样,冷漠忽视或是充满好奇心都有可能。偶尔会集体搁浅,群体有时会被困在潮池或海湾中。在北极与南极海域,因为风吹而快速产生的浮冰对虎鲸而言是一大麻烦,有时会因此迫使它们停留于水面开阔的小水域里相当长的时间。
虎鲸喜欢群居的生活,有2~3只的小群,也有40~50只的大群,每天总有2~3个小时静静地待在水的表层,因为肺部充满了足够的空气,所以能够安然地漂浮在海面上,露出巨大的背鳍。群体成员间的胸鳍经常保持接触,显得亲热和团结。如果群体中有成员受伤,或者发生意外失去了知觉,其他成员就会前来帮助,用身体或头部连顶带托,使其能够继续漂浮在海面上,就是在睡觉时也扎成一堆,这是为了互相照应,并保持一定程度的清醒。它们在一起旅行,用食,以种群为社会组织,在广大的家庭中休息,互相依靠着生存长大。
食性
虽然它的牙齿非常坚硬,但却不如鲨鱼的牙齿那样锋利,因此主要用于摄取而不是咀嚼,而被它叼住的食物都是整个吞下的。虎鲸的食物多样,由小型结群鱼类、鱿鱼(枪乌贼),一直到大型须鲸与抹香鲸都有可能成为它们的猎物;其他的如海豹等鳍脚类动物、海龟、海豚、海狗、海獭、海牛、儒艮、鲨鱼、魟等,甚至还有鹿与麋鹿,似乎是趁它们游泳横渡水道时伺机捕食。甚至会利用涨潮冲到海岸边,捕捉来不及逃走的海豹、企鹅。各群似乎有自己偏好的食物种类,例如某些族群主要以鲑鱼、鲔鱼、或鲱鱼等鱼类为主要食物,某些群则会巡视鳍脚类的登陆地寻找猎物,或跟随迁徙中的鲸群,有如狼群追踪北美驯鹿的情景。虎鲸显然需要合作以袭击并制服大型猎物,但它们也会合力将鱼群集中成一个大球,然后轮流钻入取食。虎鲸也会偷吃延绳钓渔船上钩的鱼获,或吃食渔民丢弃的下杂鱼等。它们似乎会选择性的咬食须鲸的舌头。其猎物可能深受对虎鲸的恐惧所影响,当虎鲸出现时鳍脚类会逃往陆地或冰上,鲸豚则会游入浅水域或藏匿于浮冰的裂隙间。
文章来源:http://m.jab88.com/j/51071.html
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