一名优秀的教师在教学时都会提前最好准备，作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收，帮助教师有计划有步骤有质量的完成教学任务。那么怎么才能写出优秀的教案呢？小编特地为大家精心收集和整理了“高二英语Gettingalongwithothers教案”，但愿对您的学习工作带来帮助。

Grammar:动词不定式

一．不定式的五种基本形式

主动

被动

一般式

todo

tobedone

完成式

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

进行式

tobedoing

不定式的否定形式：nottodo/nottohavedone/nottobedoing/nottobedone/nottohavebeendone

不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式

①不定式的进行式由tobe+V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。

eg.Somestudentspretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.

②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。

eg.---IsBobstillperforming?

---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__________(leave)thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.

③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ed和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。

eg.Itisanhonourforme_____________(invite)totheparty.

Thebookissaid_______________________(translate)intomanylanguages.

Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.

A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceive

C.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving

二.不定式句法功能

1.作主语：

Tofindatruefriendisdifficult.

不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语

Itisdifficulttofindatruefriend.

Isitdifficulttofindatruefriend?

Howdifficultitistofindatruefriend!

不定式作主语常见句型：

a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+todosth.

b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+todosth.

eg.It’sapleasuretogoshoppingatweekends.

c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+todosth.

eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.

2.作表语：

当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。

eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.

注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。

eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.

3.作宾语

Theteachersaid“Remembertobringthebooktomorrow!”

a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋todo句式,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。

如:Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.

Ithinkitdifficulttofindatruefriend.

b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except前面有do,does,did,todo时，通常省略to。

eg.Thebushadn’tcome.Wehadnochoicebuttowait.

=Wecoulddonothingbutwait.

4.宾语补足语

在主语+谓语+宾语+宾补句型中，许多动词都可以接不定式作宾语补足语。

a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask,tell,advise,allow,permit,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等

Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.

在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe…作宾补，不跟todo,有时tobe可省略

①WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.
②Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.
但当不定式是完成式时，to不能省略，如：Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.

b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to

①使役动词，如：let,have,make等

②感官动词，如：see,watch,notice,lookat,listento,hear,feel,等

Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.

Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.

但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to

Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.

→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.

动词不定式省略to的情况还有：

a)wouldrather,hadbetter,whynotdo

Iwouldrathergoswimming.

Youhadbettertidyyourbedroom.

WhynotvisityourcousininJapan?

b)当两个动词不定式由and,or,except,but,than,ratherthan相连接时，通常情况下第二个to要省略

Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm?

Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone.

WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV.

=wehadnochoicebuttowatchTV.

(注：一般情况下作介词but,except后接todo，但是如果but或except前面有do,does,did,todo时，通常省略to。)

5.作定语

不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。

以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：

①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等

eg.Hehasn’tkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.

②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等

eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.

③序数词、形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：

Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.

（Tips:不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。）

Eg.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主谓关系

I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位关系

Shehasameetingtoattend.（动宾关系=attendameeting）

There’snothingtoworryabout.(动宾关系=worryaboutnothing)

6.作状语

⒈作目的状语
(1)①Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.
②Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.
(2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加inorder或soas。如：
Bobtookdownmytelephonenumbersoas(inorder)nottoforgetit.
有时为强调目的状语可把inorderto或不定式置于句首，但soasto不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为sothat,inorderthat,成为目的状语从句，如：

Istayedthereinorder(soas)toseewhatwouldhappen.

=Istayedtheresothat(inorderthat)Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.
⒉作原因状语

在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh,pleased,sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。
①Wearegladtohearthenews.
②Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.
在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语

如：Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.
Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.
常这样用的形容词有:easy,difficult,heavy,light,comfortable,fit,impossible等。
⒊作结果状语

Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofindourgardenneatandtidy.
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：
①so…asto;such…asto
Imnotsostupid(afool)astoputitinwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。
Imnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.
②enough…to
Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.

=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.
③onlyto用于表示意想不到的结果
Janehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.
④too…to
Imtootiredtostayuplonger.
但在下列结构中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。如：
①Imonlytoogladtohavepassedtheexam.考试及格我太高兴了。（too修饰gladtohave…，相当于very）
②Wehavetoomuchtolearn.我们要学的太多了（不定式作定语）。
4.不定式短语还可作独立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：
Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.
常见的短语有tobeexact（确切地说），tobeginwith（首先），todohimjustice（说句对他公道的话），tobesure（真的）等等。

Eg.Totellyouthetruth,Idislikeyou.

7.作同位语

eg.Theordertostartthegeneralattacksooncame.

不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。

ItisnecessaryformetolearnEnglishwell.

如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。

eg.It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.

连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作宾语,也可作主语或表语。

eg.NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.

Whentostarttheexamisstillunknown.

Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.

动词不定式巩固练习

1.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.

A．expectedB．toexpectC．tobeexpectingD．expects

2._______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A．TosleepB．SleepingC．SleepD．Havingslept

3.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand_______them.

A．correctB．correctingC．correctsD．tocorrect

4.Themotherdidntknow_________toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.

Ａ．whoＢ．whenＣ．howＤ．What

5.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_________whethertheywillenjoyit.　

Ａ．toseeＢ．tobeseen　?Ｃ．seeingＤ．Seen

6.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______.

　Ａ．itwhattodowith　?Ｂ．whattodoitwith

　Ｃ．whattodowithit　?Ｄ．todowhatwithit

7.―Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

―Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.

A.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;made

C.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made

8.Theteacheraskedus__________somuchnoise.

A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake

9.Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.

AformetakingBmetakingCformetotakeDmetotake

10.Themaninsisted_______ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.

A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding

11.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.

A．totellB．tobetoldC．tellingD．told

12.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime_____theexam.

A．passB．topassC．passedD．passing

13.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better______it—you’vegotsomebigbillscoming.

A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget

14.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.

A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear

C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard

15.Youweresillynot____yourcar.

A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked

16.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.

A．tobeheardB．tobehearingC．tohearD．tohaveheard

17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek_________TV.

A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch

18.Thefluisbelieved_______byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.behavecaused

19.Imgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?

A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought

20.Victorapologizedfor__________toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.

A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable

21.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.

A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having

22.Heglancedoverather,______thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedverywellputtogether.

A.notingB.notedC.tonoteD.havingnoted

23.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest______inayear.

A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed

24.----IsBobstillperforming?

----Imafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial

A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft

25.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter.

A．likingB．tobelikeC．tolikeD．tobeliking

26.Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.

A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellrings

C．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings

27.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars.

A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have

28._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.

A．TofindoutB．FindingoutC．FindoutD．Havingfoundout

29.Idontwant_______likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.

A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded

30.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.

A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared

31.Didyounoticethelittleboy__________away?

A.tookthecandyandrunB.takethecandyandrun

C.takingthecandyandrunD.whotakingthecandyrunning

32.Iheardhim__________so.

A.saysB.sayingC.sayD.said

33.ProfessorBlackhadus__________compositionseveryFriday.

A.towriteB.writtenC.writeD.writing

34.MrsSmithmadeherpupils__________thetextthreetimesaweek.

A.reciteB.recitedC.recitingD.torecite

35.Shewasseen__________modelshipsintheroom.

A.madeB.tomakeC.makesD.make

36.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.

A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging

37.Theareoplanewasnoticed__________atsix.

A.takeoffB.totakeoffC.getoffD.togetoff

38.MrCrossettwasmake__________histeachingbecauseofhispoorhealthandoldage.

A.giveupB.giveinC.togiveupD.togivein

39.Thebookissaid__________intomanyforeignlanguages.

A.tohavebeentranslatedB.tohavetranslated

C.tobetranslatingD.havingbeentranslated

40.TheMarquiswasthought_________someterriblewrongstohistenants.

A.ofdoingB.thathehaddoneC.tohavedoneD.tohavebeendone

41.Doyouthinkitdifficult__________ahorse__________?

A.totrain,jumpingB.training,forjumping

C.totrain,jumpD.totrain,tojump

42.Mycarhasbrokendown.Wouldyouhelpme__________?

A.togetthecartostartB.getthecarstart

C.togetthecarstartedD.gettostartthecar

43.Heorderedtheroom__________.

A.tosweepB.tobesweptC.shouldsweepD.swept

44.TellTomandJack_________eachother.

A.notquarrelB.nottoquarrelwith

C.tonotquarrelwithD.theynotquarrel

45.Hewouldlikethem__________everyday.

A.topracticeB.topractiseC.practicingD.practicing

46.---“Areyougoingtoleavingnow?”

---“Unlessyouwouldpreferme__________here.”

A.tostayB.willstayC.thatI’llstayD.staying

47.Whatapity!Onecannothelp__________sorryfortheinjured.

A.tofeelB.oneselftofeelC.feelingD.oneselffromfeeling

48.Nothingcould__________theboyfrom__________thetallbuilding.

A.prevent,riskingclimbingB.prevent,riskingtoclimb

C.stop,riskclimbingD.keep,riskingclimb

49.OnSundaysIprefer__________athometo__________out.

A.tostay,goB.staying,goC.staying,goingD.tostay,going

50.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear,itisworth__________.

A.beingboughtB.buyingC.tobuyD.buyingit

51.Thenoveliswell__________.

A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingread

C.worthytoreadD.worthyofbeingread

52.Ididn’tfeel__________goingoutforawalk.

A.soB.asC.ratherD.like

53.You’dbetter_________herthesadnewsnow.

A.nottotellB.won’ttellC.nottellD.don’ttell

54.I’dratherlosethegame__________.

A.nottohurthimB.nothurthimC.thantohurthimD.thanhurthim

55.Alicesays_________tonight,becausetherewillbeanexamtomorrowmorning.

A.she’drathernotgoB.she’dnotrathergo

C.she’llrathernotgoD.shewon’trathergo

56.Tomdidnothingbut_________backwhathehadsaid.

A.takenB.tookC.takingD.take

57.Thereseemednothingelsetodobut__________adoctor.

A.tosendforB.sendforC.callforD.tocallin

58.---“Iusuallygotherebytrain.”

---“Whynot__________byboatforachange?”

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing

59.HaveIanychoicebut__________asyoutellme?

A.todoB.doC.doingD.I’lldo

60.---“Wouldyouliketogowithusforapicnictomorrow?”

---“Yes,__________.”

A.IwouldlikeB.I’dliketogoC.I’dloveD.I’dliketo

答案：1-30BABABCBDDCBDADBDCCBCDACACCCAAA

31-60BCCABCBCACDCBBBACACBDDCDADBDAD

扩展阅读

Gettingalongwithothers教学案

俗话说，凡事预则立，不预则废。作为教师就要好好准备好一份教案课件。教案可以让学生们能够在上课时充分理解所教内容，帮助教师在教学期间更好的掌握节奏。教案的内容要写些什么更好呢？为满足您的需求，小编特地编辑了“Gettingalongwithothers教学案”，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

Gettingalongwithothers教学案
Module5Unit1Gettingalonewithothers-welcome学案
一.本周教学内容：
Module5Unit1Gettingalonewithothers
二.教学目标：
预习Unit1
三.教学重难点：
预习生词
getalong相处，进展
getalongwith
getalongwellwith
betrayv.出卖，背叛
primaryadj.初步的，初级的；第一位的，主要的
primaryschool小学
secondaryschool中学
highschool高中
academicadj.学习良好的；学术的
academyn.学术
stupidadj.笨的，愚蠢的
foolish,silly
overlookv.忽略，忽视；俯瞰
cheerfuladj.愉快的，高兴的
admitv.承认
admitdoing
deliberatelyadv.故意地
keepone’sword信守诺言
breakone’sword
swearv.发誓
forgivev.原谅，宽恕
teasev.嘲笑，取笑
friendshipn.友谊
introuble有麻烦，处于困难中
dilemman.进退两难的处境，尴尬的处境
brilliantadj.优秀的，杰出的;灿烂的
bright
focusv.集中注意力；聚焦
focuson
n.焦点，关注点
absent-mindedadj.心不在焉的
absent
present
asaresult结果
resultin
resultfrom
afterwardsadv.然后，后来
yellv.吼叫，大叫
meanadj.刻薄的；卑鄙的；吝啬的
meantodo
meandoing
guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的
crueladj.刻毒的，伤人的；残酷的，残忍的
crueltyn.
standv.容忍，忍让；经受，遭受
bear
awkwardadj.别扭的，不自然的，笨拙的
outgoingadj.开朗的，友好的
easy-going
apologizev.道歉
apologizetosbfordoing
bitteradj.怀恨的；苦的；痛苦的
sweet,sour
athleticadj.适合做运动员的；健壮的，强健的，充满活力的
athlete
rightn.权利
unlikelyadj.不太可能的
likely
blamev.责备，谴责
doubtn.怀疑，疑惑
Thereisnodoubtthat
v.怀疑；疑问
Idoubtwhether…
behaviourn.行为，举止
manners
jealousadj.嫉妒的，妒忌的
jealousyn.
embarrassv.使尴尬，使困窘，使不好意思
embarrassedadj.
inpublic当众，在公众场合
giftedadj.有天赋的，有才的
strengthn.力量，力气；实力
strongadj.
teammaten.队友
unfairadj.不公平的
fair
fairly
stubbornadj.顽固的，固执的，倔强的
disagreementn.分歧，意见不同；不调和
agree
agreement
ruinv.破坏，使毁灭
ruinsn.
delayvn.耽搁，拖延，推迟
putoff

阅读理解：
Ihearmanyparentssayingthattheirteenagersarerebellious(反叛的).Iwishitwereso.Atyourageyououghttobegrowingawayfromyourparents.Youshouldbelearningtostandonyourowntwofeet.Buttakeagoodlookatthepresentrebellion.Itseemsthatteenagersarealltakingthesamewayofshowingthattheydisagreewiththeirparents.Insteadofstrikingoutbravelyontheirown,mostofthemaretryingtoseizeatoneanother’shandsforsafety.
Theysaytheywanttodressastheyplease.Buttheyallwearthesameclothes.Theysetoffinnewdirectionsinmusic.Butsomehowreasonforthinkingoractinginthus-and-suchawayisthatthecordsisdoingit.Theyhavecomeoutoftheircocoon—intoalargercocoon.
Ithasbecomeharderandharderforateenagertostandupagainstthepopularitywaveandtogohisorherownway.Industryhasfirmlyopenedupateenagemarket.ThesedayseveryteenagercanlearnfromnewspapersandTVwhatateenagershouldhaveandbe.Andmanyoftoday’sparentshavecometoawardhighmarksforthepopularityoftheirchildren.Allthisaddsuptogreatdifficultyfortheteenagerwhowantstofindhisorherownpath.
Butthedifficultyisworthgettingover.Thepathisworthfollowing.Youmaywanttolistentoclassicalmusicinsteadofgoingtoaparty.Youmaywanttocollectrockswheneveryoneelseiscollectingrecords.Youmayhavesomethoughtsthatyoudon’tcaretoshareatoncewithyourclassmates.Well,gotoit.Findyourself.Beyourself.Popularitywillcome—withthepeoplewhorespectyouforwhoyouare.That’stheonlykindofpopularitythatreallycounts.
1.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthispassageistotell__________
A.readershowtobepopularintheworld.
B.teenagershowtolearntodecidethingsforthemselves.
C.parentshowtocontrolandguidetheirchildren.
D.peoplehowtounderstandandrespecteachother.
2.Accordingtothewriter,manyteenagersthinktheyarebraveenoughtoactontheirown,butinfact,mostofthem___________
A.havemuchdifficultyinunderstandingeachother.
B.arenotsureofthemselves.
C.darenotdothings.
D.areverymuchafraidofgettinglost.
3.Duringtheteenageyears,oneshouldlearnto____________.
A.becomedifferentfromothersinasmanywaysaspossible
B.findone’srealself
C.getintotherightreasonandbecomepopular
D.rebelagainstparents
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Thereisnopopularitythatreallycounts.
B.Whatmanyparentsaredoingisactuallykeepingtheirchildrenfromfindingtheirpaths.
C.Itisnotnecessarilybadforateenagertodisagreewithhisorherclassmates.
D.Mostteenagerssaytheywanttodowhattheyliketodo,butinfacttheydothesame.
[参考答案]
1.B2.B3.B4.A

Unit1Gettingalongwithothers

Unit1Gettingalongwithothers
Grammar---教案
Ⅰ.不定式句法功能
1.作主语：Thecatsaid,“Totakerollercoaster”isterrible.
不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。
→Thecatsaid,“It’sterribletotakerollercoaster.”
Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?
Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster?
不定式作主语常见句型：
a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式
b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+不定式
eg.It’smydutytoteachyouhowtobeastudentofNo.3MiddleSchool.
c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式
eg.Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.
2.作表语：当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。
eg.Ourmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.
注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。
eg.Theonlythingwecandonowiswaitandsee.
3.作宾语
Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”.
a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish等
2005年天津卷12题：Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.
A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded
当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。
Thecatfeltitterribletotakerollercoaster.
b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do,does,did时，通常省略to。
Eg.Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Cf.Wecandonothingbutwait.
4.宾语补足语
在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。
a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask,tell,advise,allow,enable,expect,force,get,like,order,teach,want,invite,wish,beg等
Youshouldgetthemtohelpyou.
但在谓语动词believe,find,think,feel,consider,suppose,imagine,prove等后面跟tobe…作宾补，不跟todo…
eg.Theybelievehimtobehonest.
b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to
①一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let,have,make等
②一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear,feel,see,watch,notice等
Don’tletthechildrentroubleyou.
Iheardsomeoneopenthedoor.
但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to
Hisfathermadehimgotobedearly.
→Hewasmadetogotobedearlybyhisfather.
5.作定语
不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。
以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：
①能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等
eg.Hehasn’tkepthispromisetowritetohisparentsregularly.
②常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等
eg.Hiseagernesstofinishhishomeworkwasquiteclear.
③序数词形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：
Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.
Tips:不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。
Eg.He’salwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.主谓关系
I’venotimetolistentoyourexcuse.同位关系
Shehasameetingtoattend.（动宾关系=attendameeting）
There’snothingtoworryabout.(动宾关系=worryaboutnothing)
6.作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
①to…,inorderto…,soasto…(不能放在句首)作目的状语
2005年辽宁卷22题：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
②在so…asto,such….asto,onlyto…结构中不定式作结果状语，其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的结果。
Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.
③enoughto,too…to结构
eg.Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.
=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.
④形容词（happy,glad,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构
eg.I’mgladtomeetyou.
Thequestionisdifferenttoanswer.
Heishardtogetalongwith.
7.作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如tobefrank（坦白地说），tobesure（确实）等。
Eg.Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.
8.作同位语
eg.Theordertostartthegeneralattacksooncame.
不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：forsb.todosth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。
ItisnecessaryformetolearnEnglishwell.
如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用ofsb.todosth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right,wrong,brave,careful,careless,clever,wise,stupid,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,silly等。
eg.It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.
连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。
Eg.NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.
Whentotheexamisstillunknown.
Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.
不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式
①不定式的进行式由tobe+V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。
Eg.SomestudentspretendedtobereadingEnglishwhentheteachercamein.
②不定式完成式由tohave+V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Eg.2005年江苏卷No.25
---IsBobstillperforming?
---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid_______thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.
A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft
答案是A
③不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ing和完成式被动tohavebeenV-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。
Eg.Itisanhonourformetobeinvitedtotheparty.
Thebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
2005年辽宁卷No.22
Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.
A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving
动名词
1.动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。
①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。
eg.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)
Sayingiseasierthandoing.
Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.(单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)
动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：
Itisnouse(good)+动名词：做某事没有用
Eg.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)
Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)
Eg.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.（未来的事无法知道）
②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别
eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(此句为SVC结构)可改为：Collectingstampsishishobby.
Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)
不能改为：Collectingstampsishe.
③作宾语
A.作及物动词的宾语(enjoy,mind,finish,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,pratise,suggest,keep(on),miss)
eg.2005年上海卷No.32
Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_____thegoodopportunity.
A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost
答案为B
有些动词（attempt,begin,continue,hate,like,love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。
Eg.IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswiminwinter.
动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。
eg.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.
Ipreferdrivingtoriding.
有些动词，如forget,remember,regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。
Eg.2005年北京卷No.30
Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____atheparty,butnot______.
A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave
在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：
动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）
eg.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.
Wethinkitnogoodinvitingtohim.
B.作介词的宾语
Eg.2005年浙江卷No.3
Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour______hisnotes.
A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingon
beusedtodoing习惯于做；lookforwardtodoing盼望做；devoteone’slifetodoing致力于做；spenttime(in)doing花时间做；befondofdoing喜爱做；begoodatdoing擅长做；beproudofdoing为做…而自豪；betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦；feellikedoing欲想做；goondoing继续做（原来的事）；keepondoing不停地做；whataboutdoing做…怎么样；thinkofdoing考虑做；beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣；havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难；bebusy(in)doing忙于做；insteadofdoing做…而不做…
eg.2005年江苏卷No.23
EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.
A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup
答案为C
④作定语
动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。
swimmingpoolwaitingroomwalkingstick
asleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping
⑤作同位语
eg.That’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作——产卵。
2．动名词的逻辑主语
①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。
Eg.Doyoumindingmysmokinghere?
②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。
Eg.Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingthedoor.
There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.
③逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。
Eg.Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.
Thereisnohopingofthefactorymakingprofit.
④在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。
Eg.2005年安徽卷No.34
Ireallycan’tunderstand_____herlikethat.
A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating
3.动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。
Eg.Afterhavingfinishhiswork,hewenthome.
Heattendedthemeetingwithoutbeingasked.
Shenevertoldmeaboutherhavingbeeninterviewedbythepolice.

高二英语Scienceversusnature教案

高二英语Scienceversusnature教案
Verb-edform
一、V-ed分词具有形容词和副词性质，在句中可充当定语、表语、宾语补语、状语。
1．作定语
过去分词作定语，表示已经完成的被动的动作或状态,但不及物动词构成的过去分词只表示完成，而不表示被动意义。
例如：完成+被动：apollutedriveralockedroomawell-educatedman
只有完成：aretiredworkerafallenleafboiledwater
作定语的V-ed分词也有前置和后置两种情况。单个过去分词作定语，常常位于被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常位于被修饰的名词后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Eg.1).Youshouldimproveyourspoken(speak)English.
2).What’sthelanguagespoken(speak)inthatarea?
=.What’sthelanguagewhich/thatisspoken(speak)inthatarea?
3).Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeopletrappedinthefire.
=Thefiremenweretryingtorescuethepeoplewhowastrappedinthefire.
4).Themeeting,attendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
=Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyonethousandstudents,wasasuccess.
2．作表语
作表语的V-ed分词大多转化成为形容词，通常用于联系动词之后（例如be,seem,appear,look,sound,feel,remain,stay,become,get等），表示主语所处的状态
1).Edisonbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasveryyoung.
2).Shelooksveryexcited(excite)atthenews.
3).WhenIwascleaningthewindow,myfingergotcut(cut)unexpectedly.
3．作宾语补足语
如果宾语与后面作宾补的动词构成被动关系，则使用V-ed分词作宾补。可以带V-ed分词作宾补的词有：with,see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel,sense,find,leave,keep,get,have,make.
1).Ihadmymoneystolen(steal)onthebus.
2).AsheknowslittleEnglish,hefindsitdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood(understand).
3).Inthemorning,peoplewokeupandfoundtheworldoutsidetheirhousescompletelychanged(change).
4．作状语
作状语的V-ed分词与主句之间常有逗号隔开,在句中可表示时间,原因,条件,让步,伴随等情况,并可转化为相应的状语从句。作状语的V-ed和主句的主语常有被动关系。
1)时间状语
Seenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.
=Whentheearthisseenfromspace,itlooksblue.

Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
=Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead.
2)原因状语
Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
=Ashewasbornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
Becausetheyweremovedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
=Movedbythestory,theydecidedtohelpher.
3)条件状语
Givenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
=Ifwearegivenmoretime,wearesuretofinishit.
Comparedwithotherprofessors,sheisanexcellentspeaker.
=.
4)让步状语
Laughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
=Thoughhewaslaughedatbyeverybody,hehadmysympathy.
Eventhoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
=Defeatedbyhisopponent,hestillisaheroinmyheart.
5)伴随状语
Theboysatatthetableburiedinhishomework.
=Theboysatatthetableandhewasburiedinhishomework.
Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.
=Thegirllayinbedandshewaslostinthought.
Iwillspendthenightlocked(lock)inyourroom.
Shelefttherestaurant,disappointed(disappoint)withthebadservice.
二、转化为形容词的V-ed
有一些过去分词已转化为形容词,失去被动意义,仅表状态。如:hidden,dressed,lost,seated,determined,absorbed,injured,based,surprised,satisfied,bored,tired…
e.gWhatmadeyousofrightened?
Thedog,boredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
=Thedog,whichisboredwiththegame,willnotplayanymore.
Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
=Ashewasmuchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.
Seatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
=Whilehewasseatedinthecar,thePresidentwavedtothecrowd.
三、连词+V-ed
过去分词有时和连词(when,while,whenever,until,if,unless,once,though,
although，eventhough/if)一起用，相当于状语从句的紧缩式。
（注意：before/after后不直接跟V-ed分词，而用before/after＋beingdone,因为此时分词前的before/after是介词。）
Ifaccepted(accept)forthispost,youwillbeinformedbyMay1st.
Unlesschanged(change),thislawwillmakelifedifficultforfarmers.
Iwillnotgiveupmyplaneveniftold(tell)to.
Thesemachinesmustbecheckedbeforebeingused(use).

四、tobedone,beingdone,done,havingbeendone作定语的区别：
以上四种形式都表示被动，都可作定语。tobedone表示即将被…;beingdone表示正在被…;done表示被做过了…;havingbeendone作非限制性定语，和被修饰词用逗号隔开,强调在谓语动词的动作之前完成。
Thequestiontobediscussed(discuss)tomorrowinvolvespollution.
Thequestiondiscussed(discuss)yesterdayinvolvespollution.
Thequestionbeingdiscussed(discuss)nowinvolvespollution.
Thequestion,havingbeendiscussed(discuss)foryears,involvespollution.
五、done,havingbeendone作状语的区别：
beingdone一般在句中不作状语,而用done代替之。havingbeendone强调动作在谓语动作之前完成,或已经持续一段时间的动作,常用作时间和原因状语,done则不强调时间先后和持续一段时间。
Led(lead)bythelocalguide,wewentfurtherintotheforest.
Havingbeentaken(take)goodcareofforhalfayear,thepatientbecamefarbetter.
Havingbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguages,thenoveliswell-knownthroughouttheworld.

练习：
1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.
A．carryoutB．carryingoutC．carriedoutD．tocarryout
2.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_________frommyfriends.
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
3.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen______atthemeetingbymyboss.
A.questioningB.havequestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
4.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit____oftenenough.
A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained
5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.
A．beginsB．havingbegun　?C．beginningD．begun
6._____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythepolice.
A.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing
7.______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.
A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed
8.Isatbeforethedeskuntilaftermid-night,_____inwriting.
A.beingabsorbedB.absorbedC.tobeabsorbedD.absorbing
9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents________.
A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry
10.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall
A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared
11.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.
A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared
12.______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.
A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingbeenputD.Beingput
13._________bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanothertwodaysonthefarm.
A．AttractingB．AttractedC．TobeattractedD．Havingattracted
14.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
15.____andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.
A.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising
16.Isthisthewatchyouwish_____?
A.tohaverepairedB.torepairitC.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired
17._____manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HewastoldD.Havingtold
18.______behindthedoor,Iwasn’tfoundbythefellow.
A.HiddenB.TohideC.HideD.Havinghidden
19.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.
A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear
C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
20.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
21.You’dbetterhaveyoursportsjacket_____.It’stoodirty.
A.towashB.washedC.washingD.wash
22.Mostoftheguests_____totheChristmaspartywerecollegestudentsfromforeigncountries.
A.beinginvitedB.invitingC.invitedD.tobeinvited
23.Thecar_______inGermanyinthe1960slooksoldnow.
A.producedB.producingC.toproduceD.whichproduced
24.Iwillgototheparty________.
A.ifinvitedB.ifhavinginvitedC.ifIwasinvitedD.ifIwillbeinvited
25.Thestudents,____atthewaythequestionwasput,didn’tknowhowtoanswerit.
A.beingsurprisedB.surprisedC.surprisingD.havingsurprised
26._____theirstudy,manyChinesestudentsoverseasreturntoChina.
A.HavingbeencompletedB.CompletedC.HavingcompletedD.Completing
27.SwanLakeisafamousballetinfouracts,_____onaGermanfairytale.
A.basingB.basedC.tobaseD.bases
28.______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld.
A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.Tobeseparated
29._____suchheavypollution,theriverisunlikelytobecleanedupinsuchashorttime.
A.SufferB.HavingsufferedC.BeingsufferedD.Tosuffer
Keys:1-5CACDD6-10AABAD11-15CABBB16-20ACADC21-25BCAAB
26-29CBCB

高二英语MainlyRevision教案

2011高一英语学案：M3U2project（牛津译林版必修3）
Learningcontent:ProjectM3U2
LearningAims:1.Trainthestudents’writing,readingandspeakingabilities.
2.GetthestudentstotalkaboutwritingabookletaboutChinesecharacters.
3.Getthestudentstocooperatewithothers.
Learningdifficultiesandimportantpoints:Howtohelpthestudentsfinishthetasksofwritingandspeaking.
PeriodOne:课前预习：
Ⅰ。TranslateChineseintoEnglish
1.与……不同_________________________2.代表_________________________
3.组成_______________________________4.根据________________________
5.总体来说________________6.由……构成_________________________
7.失明____________________8.在战争时期_________________________
9.实用用途___________________________10.致力于______________________
11.有自己的盲文版本___________________________

Ⅱ。ReadthearticleatP38andanswerquestions.
1.HowoldistheChinesewriting?
2.WhoinventedChinesecharacters?
3.HowwasChinesewritinginvented?
4.WhendidtheChinesegovernmentsimplifiedcharacters?

III.Readthepassageagainanddividethepassageintoseveralparts,thengivethemainideaofeachpart
Para.1.__________________________________________________-
Para.2._____________________________________________________
Para.3-6_______________________________________________________
Para.7-8_________________________________________________________

自主学习过程：
1.ThechineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat,insteadofanalphabet,itusecharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.
which引导的定语从句修饰先行词characters.
differfrom和……不同，不同于
e.g.FrenchdiffersfromEnglishinthisrespect.
AdiffersfromB=AandBdiffer=AisdifferentfromBA和B不同
differin在……方面不同
differwithsbabout/on/oversth在某事上与某人意见不同
inthat在于，因为，引导原因状语从句
e.g.Shewasfortunateinthatshehadfriendstohelpher.
standfor代表，容忍，支持，主张
e.g.The“PO”standforPostOffice.
I’mnotstandingforitanylonger.
Ihatedtheorganizationandallitstoodfor.

standby袖手旁观standdown退出比赛standout显眼standupfor支持，维护
standupto勇敢面对，经得起
deed行为，行动
Abrave/charitable/evildeed

2.Chinesewordsareformedbyputtingtogetherdifferentcharacter.
form形成，构成，组织，养成，培养（v）形状，外形，形式，表格（n）
e.g.Ican’tformanyideaoropinionaboutit.
Oneshouldformagoodhabitofreadingwhenyoung.
Pleasefillthisforminink.

Amatterofform例行公事，礼节问题intheformof以……的形式
aftertheformof照……的格式inform表现正常，情况良好
taketheformof采取……的形式beoutoftheform处于不良的竞技状态

3.Onewinterdaywhilehewashunting……
hunt打猎，追寻
e.g.ahuntingdoggohunting
beonthehuntfor正在寻找，在寻求……中thehuntforsb/sth寻找某人、某物
huntfor/after追逐，寻找，搜索ahunterforfame一个追求名誉的人

4.Somecharactershavebeensimplifiedandothershavebeenmademoredifficultovertime.
simplify使简明，使简易，简化
e.g.trytosimplifyyourexplanationforthechildren.
simplification简化simplified简化的
overtime久而久之，随着时间的推移，over强调一种动态的时间
e.g.thecolourofthecarpetwillnotfadeovertime.

5.Sometimestoexpressideas,somecharacterweremadebycombiningtwoormorecharacterstogether.
combine使结合，使联合
combinesthwith/andsth把……和……联合起来
e.g.canironcombinewithwaterandoxygentoformrust?

6.It’seasytodistinguishtheirmeaningbylookingatthem.…………“up”and“down”,whichareoppositesofeachother.
distinguish①区分，分辨，分清distinguishbetween……and……=distinguish…..from…..
e.g.Atwhatagearechildrenabletodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong?
②使具有……特色，使有别于……
e.g.Whatwasitthatdistinguishedherfromherclassmates?
③看清，听出，认出
e.g.Icouldnotdistinguishherwords,butshesoundedexcited.
④使出众，使著名distinguishoneselfas作为……而使某人杰出
e.g.Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.
distinct有区别的，不同的distinction差别，不同，区分，分辨
distinguishable可辨别的distinguished杰出的，著名的，高贵的，有尊严的
opposite①对立面，反面(n)
e.g.Hotandcoldareopposites
②相反的，迥然不同的,对面的，另一边的(adj)
e.g.Shetriedcalminghimdown,butitseemedtobehavingtheoppositeeffect.
Theshopisontheoppositesideofthestreet.
③与……相反，在……对面(prep)
e.g.Thepeoplesittingoppositeuslookedveryfamiliar.
thecompleteopposite恰恰相反quitetheopposite正好相反
(be)oppositeto与……相对，和……相反

7.Thoughthesekindsofcharactersindicatemeaning,oneoftheirshortcomingsisthat……….
Indicate①指示，标示
Thereisasighindicatingtherighttofollow.
②象征，暗示……的可能性
Theredskyatnightindicatesfineweatherthefollowingday.
indicatesthtosb向某人暗示，表明某事
Indicatethat……..显示，象征
Shortcoming缺点，短处，
Everyonehashisownshortcoming.

8.Inthosedays,booksforblindpeopleusedpaperpressedagainstmetalwiretoformletters.
Press按，压，榨，挤(v)记者，新闻界（n）
press…against/on…..把……按在……上
presssthintosth把某物压入某物中
presssbtodosth督促某人做某事
Ihadtopressmyselfagainstthewalltoletthempass.
Shepressedthemoneyintohishand.
Shepressedhergueststostayalittlelonger.
Thestorywasreportedinthepressandontelevision.

9.Thewholesystemwasnotconvenientforuse.
convenient便利的，方便的，附近的，容易到达的
beconvenientforsb/sth对某人、某物来说很便利
Ifitisconvenientforsb如果某人方便的话
Atyourconvenience在你方便的时候
e.g.I’mafraidthisisn’taconvenientmomentforyoutoseehim.

10…………….duringtimesofbattle.
battle斗争，战役，奋斗，较量
e.g.Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.
acceptthebattle应战gainabattle战胜
Battleagainst与……战斗battlefor为……而战

11.Eachletterofthealphabetwasrepresentedbyadifferentpatternwhichconsistedoftwelvedots.
pattern方式，形式，图案，榜样，样板
e.g.thediseaseisnotfollowingitsusualpattern.
Theclothhasapatternofredandwhitesquares.
Thesuccessofthecoursesetapatternforthetrainingofthenewemployees.
Step2Exercises
Fillintheblankswiththephrasesfromtheboxbelow.
overtimeaccordingtodifferfrominthatthiswayturn…into
asawholedevelop…into
1.OldEnglish_______greatly_____themodernEnglishweusetoday.
2.Lifeontheislandhaschanged__________becauseofthegrowingnumberoftouristswhovisititeveryyear.
3.______________thetickets,thetrainwillleaveat8:30.We’dbetterhurrytogettothestationontime!
4.Shesaiditwastheteacher’spraiseandencouragementthat______her______agoodstudent.
5.Installthisspellchecksoftwareonyourcomputer.Youwillavoidmakingspellingmistakes__________.
6.Consideringyouridea____________,Ithinkitwillcontributesignificantlytothedevelopmentofthecompany.However,itmaycausesomeproblemsaswell.
7.Iwaslucky_________IwasabletofindwhatIwanted.

Step3Homework:
1.DoPartsB1andB2onpage93inworkbook.
2.DoPartsD1andD2onpage95inworkbook.
3.Reviewwordsandphrasesinthisunit.

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