一位优秀的教师不打无准备之仗,会提前做好准备,作为教师就需要提前准备好适合自己的教案。教案可以让讲的知识能够轻松被学生吸收,帮助教师更好的完成实现教学目标。怎么才能让教案写的更加全面呢?为了让您在使用时更加简单方便,下面是小编整理的“高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳Unit9Savingtheearth”,相信能对大家有所帮助。
2011高考英语备考单元知识搜索与探究归纳Unit9Savingtheearth作为优秀的教学工作者,在教学时能够胸有成竹,高中教师要准备好教案,这是老师职责的一部分。教案可以让学生更好的吸收课堂上所讲的知识点,帮助高中教师缓解教学的压力,提高教学质量。那么如何写好我们的高中教案呢?以下是小编为大家精心整理的“高二英语上册第9单元复习知识点:Savingtheearth”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。
高二英语上册第9单元复习知识点:Savingtheearth
(一)单元内容介绍与分析:
学习材料:听力”(Listening)部分提供了一段演说词,谈到了地球所面临的问题。第一部分要求学生通过听弄清说话者的观点,并根据所听内容预测下文;第二部分要求学生列出说话人的观点等,然后预测下文。
“阅读”(Reading)部分是一篇关于“地球峰会”的介绍性文章。文章介绍了2002年在南非首都约翰内斯堡召开的“地球峰会(TheEarthSummit)”的基本情况,包括会议召开的背景、会议的主题以及与会者所讨论的主要问题和提出的解决办法等。通过对该文章的阅读,可以丰富学生有关本单元主题的语言和信息。
“综合技能”部分设计了听、说、写的活动,以写为主线。听的内容是“地球峰会”上的两篇发言。在听的基础上,要求学生陈述他们的观点。写的活动包括听中补充提纲,听后写要点、提纲以及说后写段落,环环相扣,层层深入。
“语言学习”:掌握有关倒装句的几个常用结构。
(二)词汇学习:
运用构词知识理解下列单词:
ecology;environmentalist;sustainable;killer;equality;fairness;responsibility;cooperation;willingness;incorrect
(三)重点词汇与短语的用法:
1.issue:问题;争议;发行;分配,期刊
Youwillattendthemeetinganddiscusstheissue.
Ijustgotarise,somoneyisnolongeranissue.
Unemploymentisnottheissue-therealproblemisthedeclineinpublicmorality.
Thearticlewillappearinthenextmonthsissue.
Thepostofficeissuedthestampslastweek.
2.content:内容;目录;容量;满足;满意
Withoutreadingthetext,trytopredictitscontent.
Thecontentofyouressayisexcellent,butit’snotverywellexpressed.
注意表达“满足,满意”的短语:
becontentwithsth.
becontenttodosth.
Heiscontentwithlife.
Johnseemscontenttositinfrontofthetelevisionallnight.
3.access:接近;进入;接近……的方法;到达……的权利
20%ofthepeopleonearthdonothaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater.
Thehouseisinthecenterpartofthetownwithgoodaccesstotheshops.
Hospitalsshouldgivepatientstherightofaccesstotheirmedicalrecords.
Allthebranchmanagerscanaccessthedatabankofthegeneraloffice.
4.responsibility:责任;责任心;职责
Richcountrieshavearesponsibilitytowardspoorcountriesandmustdowhatevertheycantohelpothers.
Takingcareoffamilyisabigresponsibility.
注意构词形式:responsibility的形容词形式为responsible;常见短语是:beresponsiblefor:替/对……负责。
Sheismystudent,andImustberesponsibleforher.
5.inharmonywith:与…协调/和谐;反义词outofharmonywith
Withbettereducation,peoplewillbeabletobuildabetterSocietyinharmonywithnatureandperhapsputanendtothedeathandsufferingscausedbythebigthree.
Histastesareinharmonywithmine.
BobandIworkedtogetherinharmonyforyears.
6.putanendto:结束
Wemustputanendtothisfoolishbehaviour.
Thechieftaskofthemomentistoputanendtotheterriblepollutionintherivers.
(四)辨析下列单词(近义词)
1.affect/effect
affect:动词:影响;感动;侵袭
effect:名词:影响,效果;常见短语:haveaneffectonsb./sth.
Whatwedoisimportantbecauseitaffectstheenvironment.
Allthepeopleintheroomwereaffectedtotears.
Themedicinehaslittleeffectontheoldman.
2.defend/protect/guard
defend:用武力或其他措施保护人们不受损害。辩护。
protect:用各种安全防御措施尽力照顾某人不受损害。
guard:留心守望,警戒
Makesurethatyouarereadytoanswerquestionsanddefendyourargument.
ItisthedutyofeveryChinesecitizentodefendmotherland.
Clothesprotectusfromcold.
Towbigdogsguardthefarm.
(五)重,难点句的解释与分析
1.OneofthemainthemesOfthesummitwas“sustainabledevelopment’,orthequestionofhowwecancontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.
其主题之一是“可持续发展”,也就是如何在不破坏环境的情况下使世界继续发展的问题。
(1)句中or意为“也就是:即”,用于补充说明上文的内容。例如:
ThecompanyispayingtherentoratleastContributingtoit
or的用法很多,除了上述的意思外,常见的还有:
Don’tputanythingplasticintheovenoritwillprobablystartmelting.
Areyougoingwithyourparentsorbyyourself?
(2)withoutdoing结构在句子中作状语,表示“在没发生……情况下”。
Theylefttheschoolinahurry,withoutsayinggoodbyetoanyone.
2.Airpollutionalonecausesalmostthreemilliondeaths.
仅空气污染就造成了近三百万人死亡。
(1)alone在此是副词,用在名词或代词后面,表示“只,只有;仅仅”。
Healoneisnotresponsibleforit.
Moneyalonecannotmakeyouhappy.
alone还可以解释“单独地;独自地”。
Helikestogoitaloneineverything.
alone作形容词时,解释“单独的;唯一的:独一无二的”,在句子作表语。
Iamnotaloneinthisopinion.
(2)deaths:可数名词:死亡的人数。不可数名词指:死亡。
3.Ifwearetodeveloptheworldsuccessfully,wemustmakesurethateveryoneisabletotakepartinthenewworldwecreate.
如果我们要成功地开发世界,就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。
be+todosth这个结构常常表示安排,命令、职责、义务、目的、用途,可能性、命中注定等含义。例如:
Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.
Youaretobebackby10oclock.
Theprizeistohonourhimforhisgreatdiscovery.
4.Richercountrieshavearesponsibilitytowardspoorercountriesandmustdowhatevertheycantohelpothers.
富国对于穷国负有责任,他们必须尽可能地帮助其他国家。
dowhateveronecan相当于dowhatonecan,只是前者的语气更强。
(六)阅读材料中的典型倒装句:
1.Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.
没有国际合作,发展中国家合作就不可能繁荣,可持续发展也就不可能实现。
由nor,neither,not,hardly,seldom,never等表示否定意思的词位于句首时,句子采用部分倒装结构。部分倒装类似一般疑问句结构。
NeverhaveImethim.
Seldomhaveweseensuchbigmelons.
Hardlyhadsheenteredthehousewhensheheardthedogbarking.
2.Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.
只有我们改变自己的生活方式,才能拯救地球。
由“only+状语”结构位于句首,句子也需采用部分倒装结构。
Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkoutthemathsproblem.
OnlywhenTomreturnsthisafternoonwillthemeetingbegan.
3.HadIknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchpollution,1wouldneverhaveboughtone.
要是我以前知道空调会造成大量的污染,我就不会买它了。
这是一个含有虚拟语气结构的句子,其中条件句的引导词if被省略,按照倒装句的规则,采用部分倒装句。原结构是
IfIhadknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchpollution,1wouldneverhaveboughtone.
4.Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.
更好地了解环保是必要的,行动的愿望也是必要的。
as相当于so:通常表达“……也是一样”可以说:as/sois(was;does;do;did….)+主语。
Hebelieved,asdidallhisfamily,thatGodwouldblessthem.
RSEFC2AUnit9Savingtheearth
教材分析
本单元的中心话题为“拯救地球”,通过课堂导入引出水污染、空气污染、环境破坏,乱砍乱伐树木等环境问题,围绕这一主题,结合听、说、读、写的训练达到熟悉话题表述,语言熟练应用,能运用所学知识就环境问题展开讨论,在口头上和笔头上阐述自己的观点,达到语言输出的目的。
“热身”(Warmingup)部分,运用图片导入法,通过对所展示图片的讨论,引出环境保护、拯救地球的主题,初步了解学生对现状、原因、解决办法的掌握程度,并通过提问了解学生对本单元学习内容、学习策略、学习途径的愿望,以便教师及时调整其后课堂教学的内容、难度、和深度的把握。
“听力”训练由两大部分组成,分别安排在“听力”(Listening)和“综合技能”(IntegratingSkills)两个部分。前者又由两部分组成,第一部分为纪念“世界地球日”活动上的讲话,阐述了保护水资源的必要性和紧迫性。第二部分围绕保护水资源的主题,介绍了如何保护水资源的具体措施;后者,作为综合语言运用部分,听力内容主要为其后的写作作为铺垫,除了敏锐捕捉语言信息以外,学生还需要了解发言稿的开篇、论证、以及结束。
“阅读”(Reading)着重介绍世界地球峰会的由来,详细描述了2002年南非约翰内斯堡地球峰会的召开情况,展示了“可持续发展”这一主题,会上大多数代表所涉及的“世界三大杀手(被污染了的饮用水、简陋的卫生设备和空气污染,以及贫困、战争、和暴乱,指出世界的顺利发展,取决于各国的和平相处、互相合作、互相促进、共同进步,最后文章还阐述了世界地球峰会的作用和意义。
“语言学习”(LanguageStudy)要求学生利用构词法的知识,灵活运用词形变化进行正确运用,在第二部分要求学生正确辨别-ly结尾词的词性。
“语法”(Grammar)通过对倒装形式的总结,全面了解倒装的具体结构和应用,结合句型转换和选词填空练习,帮助学生掌握这一语法现象。
“综合技能”(Integratingskills)采用高一课本中未曾出现过的展示方式,选用听力方式展示写作模式,通过口头讨论等方式,巩固学生对本单元知识的掌握,从而有效地指导学生进行写作练习,并通过Unit2中的checklist对所写的书面表达进行修改。
教案范例
Period1Warmingup,listeningandSpeaking
I.Goals:
1.TomakeSsknowpollutionandpresentsituationthroughoutthe
worldandencouragethemtofindsolutionstothisproblem.
2.ToencourageSstoactivatetherelevantvocabulary.
3.TodevelopSsspeakingbypracticingsupportinganopinion.
II.Teachingprocedures
Step1Warmingup
1.Greetings
2.Talkaboutthepictures
Presentthestudentsaseriesofpicturestoassurethemhowseriousthepollutionis
andaskthemsomequestionsaboutthesepictures.
⑴⑵⑶
⑷⑸⑹
Q1:Whatcanyouseeinthesepictures?Howdoesithappen?
Q2:Whatcausestheproblem?
Q3:Whatarethebiggestproblemsfacingtheearth?Whydoyouthinkso?
Q4:Haveyoueverdonesomethingbadtotheenvironment?
Q5:Canyougivememoreexamplesthathappenedinpeoplesdailylifeandisbad
fortheenvironment?
Step2Listening
1.Leadin
Moreandmorepeoplearerealizingthedamagethatisbeingdonetheenvironmentandlearningmoreandmoreharmthattheenvironmentisdoingtoourhumaninhabit.PeoplearecelebratingInternationalEarthDay,whenvarietiesofactivitiesareheldsothatmorepeoplewillbeinvolvedinenvironmentprotection.
2.While-listening
ListentoPart1andanswerthequestions.
1)Whyisshegivingthisspeech?
2)Whatdoesshethinkthemostseriousproblemis?
3)Whatdoesshesaythatweshoulddoaboutit?
4)Whatdoyouthinkshewillsaynext?
ListentoPart2andfillintheblankswithwhatSshear.
Argument1:Weshould_____________.
Wemust_________________________.
Weshould_______________________.
Ifwe_______,we________________.Argument2;_______________________
Problem:_______________________
Solutions:_______________________
3.Post-listening
Pairwork:Inferwhatthespeakerwillsaynext,listliketheaboveoneandsharethespeechwiththepartnerandtheclass.
Groupwork:Discusswithgroupmembersaboutthemeasuresthatwemaytaketoprotectair,forest;animals;grassland.
AskSstodelivertheirspeechonenvironmentprotection.
Step3Speaking
1.TalkingaboutwhatSscanseeinthepicture.
(1)(2)
Q1:Whatisbeingpiledinthepicture1?
Q2:Whatcancoalbeusedfor?
Q3:Whatisbeinggivingofffromtheworkshop?
Q4:Whatisbeingpolluted?
Everycoinhastwosides.Itistruewithcoal,whichisavaluableresourcethatcanbeusedtoproduceenergy,butitcanalsocauseseriouspollution.
2.Groupwork:AdebateCoalis/isn’tavaluableresource.
proscons
AbusinessmanAnenvironmentalist
AscientistAlocalcitizen
Alocalleader
……
Period2ReadingWelcometotheEarthSummit
I.Goals:
1.Topromotethestudentsunderstandingofthetext
2.Togetthestudentstograspthedetailedinformationofthetext
3.Toenablethestudentstomastersomewordsandexpressions
4.Toimprovethestudentsreadingability
II.Teachingprocedures
Step1Warmingup
Askthestudentssomequestionsconnectedwithpollution
Q1:Didyouusetogoswimminginariverwhenyouwereyoung?
Whataboutthechildrentoday?Whynot?
Q2:Doyouuseone-offchopstickswhilehavingfastfood?
Q3:Howdoyoudealwiththeplasticbags?
Q4:Whatdoyouthinkoftheairtoday?
Q5:Whatdoyouthinkoftherelationshipbetweeneconomydevelopmentand
pollution?
Step2Pre-reading
1.Discussion
Readthetitleanddiscussinpairswhatproblemswillbediscussedatthesummit.
(Asthetitlestates,problemsrelatedtotheearthwillbediscussedatthesummit,likeair,water,forest,desert,grassland,etc)
2.Prediction
Groupwork:FillinthechartwithwhatSspredictaboutwhateachpartofthetextwillbeabout.
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
3.Problem-solving
Gothroughthewholepassageandcomparewhoseguessistheclosesttothecontentofthepassage.
4.Findtheanswerstothesetwoquestions.
Q1:WhenandwherewastheEarthSummitheld?
(In2002inJohannesburginSouthAfrica.)
Q2:WhichChineseofficerattendedthemeeting?Whatdidhesay?
(PremierZhuRongji;Stressedtheneedforqualityandfairnessintheworld.)
Step3While-reading
1.Individualwork
Getthestudentstoreadthetextcarefullyandasksomestudentstoanswerthefollowingquestionsintheirownwords.
Q1:Whatwasthemeetingheldin1972about?
Q2:WhatsthemainthemeoftheEarthSummit?
Q3:Doyouknowthebigthree’?Whatarethey?
Q4:Wheredoyouthinkusuallyhasthebigthree?Why?
Q5:Whatdoesglobaldevelopmentmeannowadays?Whatshoulddeveloped
countriesactuallydo?
Q6:WhatstheuseofconferencesliketheEarthSummit?
Q7:Whatsthekeytothefuture?Asastudent,whatshouldyoudo?
2.Readingforinformation
IntroductionNameTheEarthSummit
WhenIn2002
WhereJohannesburg,southAfrica
ThemeSustainabledevelopment
Howtocontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironment
Body
The“bigthree”Contaminateddrinkingwater;20%
Poorsanitation:
Airpollution:threemilliondeaths;inruralareasindevelopingcountries
GlobaldevelopmentEqualityEachcountrytakespartin
Fairness
InternationalcooperationRichcountieshelppoorcountries;Prosperityofdevelopingcountries;Possiblesustainabledevelopment
Conclusion
Impact1.helptounderstandtheexistingseriousproblems
2.there’sstilltimetotakeaction
3.changethewaywelivetosavetheearth
4.Ssarelearning“earthissues”
5.aplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture
Step4Post-reading
1.Retelling
SupposeyouweretheChinesegirlwhoattendedtheEarthSummit,tellwhatsheheardandsawattheSummit.Beginwith“Hello,everyone.I’mtheluckiestgirltoattendthe2002EarthSummitinJohannesburg.Nowletmetellyouaboutthesummit.…”
2.Interview
Ssworkinpairs,playingtheroleofanewspaperreporter,attendantsfromdifferentcontinentsattendingtheEarthSummit.Finallytheteacherinvitessomepairstoactouttheirinterview
2.DesignthecomingEarthSummit
Groupwork:
Task:PreparethecomingEarthSummit
Arrangement:S1:organization
S2:PreparenecessitiesfortheSummit
S3:Messmedia
S4:Attendantsinvited
S5:budget
S6:Transportationaccommodation
HaveSspresentthepreparationsfortheSummitingroups.
Period3LanguageStudyGrammar
I.Goals:
1.TogetSstolearnandmastertheusagesofthenewwordsandtheusefulexpressionsinthisunit.
2.ToenableSstograspthegrammar:Inversion.
II.Teachingprocedures:
Step1Warmingup
1.Greetings
2.Playaguessinggame:firstsomeitemsareshownonthescreen,andeachitemistheparaphraseofonenewword.Dividetheclassintofourgroups.Ssareencouragedtoguessthewordasquicklyaspossible.ThisgameistoenlargeSs’vocabulary.
(1)Tomakeaplaceorsubstancedirtyanddangerousbyaddingsthtoit.
(2)Tomakeashortstatementgivingonlythemaininformationandnotthedetailsofaplan,reportetc.
(3)Thesituationorexperienceofbeingpoor.
(4)Apositionorsituationinwhichpeoplehavethesamerights,advantages.
(5)Todosthinordertoprotectsomeoneorsthfrombeingattacked
(6)Todosththatproducesaneffectorchangeinsomeoneorsth
(7).Behaviorthatisintendedtohurtotherpeoplephysically
(8).Notrightorfair
(9).Sththatyoucanchoosetodooruseinsteadofsthelse
contaminate,summarize,poverty,equality,defend,affect;
violence,unfair,alternative)
Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsfromthebracket,usingthecorrectform.
1.Accordingtothereport,theenvironmenthasbecomeamajor_______worldwide.
Oneinfivechildrenbeforeagefivediefromdiseasescausedbyenvironmental
problems.(kill)
2.Internetusehasbeenspreadingata(n)_________speedinChina.“Haveyousurfedthenet?’’hasbecomeamorecommongreetingthanthetraditional“Haveyoueaten?’’(alarm)
3.Theword“netizen”,whichmeansapersonwhousestheInternet,comesfrom“net”and“________”.(city)
4.Duringtheinterview,theyoungmanaskedaboutthejob____________asasalesmanager.(responsible)
5.HowmanyChinese______________willbesenttotheinternationalmeetinginStockholm,Sweden?(represent)
6.Thepeoplewholistenedtothereportwereshockedbythe________ofthevillagers.(suffer)
7.Itwastherepeople’s__________toworkhardandwellthatimpressedmemost.(willing)
(possibleanswers:killer,alarming,citizen,responsibility,representatives,suffering,willingness)
Step3languagepointsandusefulexpressions
1.Attend:出席,上(大学等),照料
Togotoaneventsuchasameeting
eg:Only7peopleattendedthemeeting.
Togoregularlytoaschool,churchetc
eg:Allchildrenbetweentheagesof5and16mustattendschool.
Tolookaftersomeone,especiallybecausetheyareill
eg:Thenurseattendedthepatientdaily.attendtosb/sth处理,照应
eg:Imaybelate–Ihavegotoneortwothingstoattendto.
Areyoubeingattendedtoinashop?
ThendosomeexercisestoenableSstodistinguishthefollowingwords:
attend/join/joinin/takepartin/joinsbinsthEx:Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionsgiven.
1.He’ll_________animportantmeetingtomorrow.
2.Almostalltheteamsinourschool__________thebasketballmatch.
3.Mywishisto________thearmyaftergraduation.
4.We’ll_______________socialactivitiesduringthesummervacation.
5.Theydidn’t___________thewedding.
6.I________thepartylastyear.
7.Ourheadmasterwill_______us____thediscussionthisafternoon.
(possibleanswers:attend,joinin,join,takepartin,attend,joined,joinin)
2.takenotes:作笔记,记录
takeaction:采取行动
Eg:Doyoutakesnotesofthelectures?
Hesatquietlyinthecornertakingnotescarefully.
Theytookactiontostophim.
Thepolicetookactiontodealwiththisthingimmediately.
Themedicinewillnottakeactionforseveralhours.
开始起作用,见效,生效
Thepilltakeseffectassoonasyouswallowit.
taketurns
takemeasures/steps
takeplace
takecare
takemedicine
taketime
takecold
takenotice
takesides
Eg:Youalwaystakessideswithhimwithoutevenlisteningtome.
3.content:
1).n.内容,目录(常作~s);容量,容积
Eg:thecontentsofabook
atableofcontents
Lookupthecontentsatthebeginningofthebook.
abucketofmorethanusualcontent
2).Adj.满足的,满意的
becontenttodosth
becontentwithsth
contentoneselfwithsth
HeisquitecontenttowatchTVforhours.
I’mverycontentwithmylifeatpresent.
Asthere’snobutterwemustcontentourselveswithdrybread.
access:进入,接近
Eg:Thedead-endstreetwastheonlyaccesstoherhome.
Accesstothemountain-townisoftendifficultbecauseofthebadroads.
haveaccessto:
Eg:Twentypercentofthepeopleonearthdonothaveaccesstocleandrinkingwater.
havesththatyoucanuse
Eg:Thepublicdon’thaveaccesstothesite.
therighttoenteraplace
Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.
Until的三种句式
Ididn’tgotobeduntilmymothercameback.(陈述句)v
NotuntilmymothercamebackdidIgotobed.(倒装句)
ItwasnotuntilmymothercamebackthatIwenttobed.(强调句)直到她母亲把一切对杰克和盘托出,杰克才明白她为什么跟自己生气。
1).Jackdidn’tunderstandwhyshewasangrywithhimuntilhermothertoldhimeverything.
2).NotuntilhermothertoldhimeverythingdidJackunderstandwhyshewasangrywithhim.
3).ItwasnotuntilhermothertoldhimeverythingthatJackunderstoodwhyshewasangrywithhim.
Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.
As此处的用法与so相同。
Eg:Heisapatriot,asarehisbothers.
Davidworkshard,asdohisclassmates.
Harryisunusuallytall,asarehissisters.
Hebelieved,asdidhisfamily,thatyouweretellingthetruth.
Withbettereducation,peoplewillbeabletobuildabettersocietyinharmonywith
nature.
inharmonywith与----协调,和谐
Eg:Thecolorofthesofaisinharmonywiththesittingroom.
Hesoonfoundhimselfinharmonywithhisnewco-workers.
Yoursuggestionsarenotinharmonywiththeaimsofthisproject.
…perhapsputanendtothedeathandsufferingcausedbythebigthree.
putanendto结束,毁掉
Eg:Winningthecompetitionputanendtohisfinancialproblems.
Thediscussionwasputanendtobyhissuddenarrival.
Thewindputanendtothepier.
wipeout:擦洗----的内部,去除,消灭Tomakesthinsideclean
Eg:wipeoutthecoffeepot
Todestroy,remove,orgetridofsthcompletely
Eg:wipeouttheenemy’smajormilitarytargets
Halfthepopulationwaswipedoutbythisdisease.
informal)tomakeyoufeelextremelytired
Eg:Theheathadwipedusout.
Andifpovertyislessofaproblemandpeoplearebettereducated,thereisagoodchancethatwewillsee-------
thereisagoodchance(that)----
“有可能发生某事”Eg:ThereisagoodchancethatI’llfinishtheworktomorrow.
Thereisagoodchance(that)hewillbegonebythen.
affect:vt.影响,感动,(疾病)侵袭
effect:n.影响,效果,作用
Eg:Thiscountrywasaffectedbydraught.
Theamountofrainaffectsthegrowthofcrops.
Thesightaffectedhertotears.
Itmaybetheeffectoftheillness.
Thisaccidenthadaneffectonthefutureofbothmotherandson.
Step4Grammar(Inversion)
Notuntilweknowmorewillwebeabletoimprovethesituation.
Onlybychangingthewaywelivecanwesavetheearth.
HadIknownthatairconditionerscausesomuchpollution,Iwouldneverhaveboughtone.
Thereexistseriousproblemsandthereisstilltimetotakeaction.
AmongthespeakerswasChina’sthenPremierZhuRongji.
Abetterunderstandingoftheenvironmentisnecessary,asisthewillingnesstoact.
Withoutinternationalcooperation,developingcountriescannotprosper,norwillsustainabledevelopmentbepossible.
Studythestructuresofinvertedsentencesandg
A.Herecomesthebus.
Theregoesthebell.
Downhewent.
Onthewallhangsapicture.
B.HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
NeverhaveIseensuchawonderfulfilm.
Step6Practice
Soneithernoras
1.Richercountrieshavearesponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment,___________the
poorcountries.
2.Weshouldn’twastesomuchwater,________weusethingsthatareharmfultotheenvironment.
3.Airconditionerscausemuchpollution,________cars.
4.Manypeoplearedeterminedtochangethewaytheylive.___________I.
5.Idon’tbuyproductsthatcausepollution,________mostpeopleIknow.
6.Sheisinterestedinenvironmentalprotection,________________hermother.
7.Ifyoudon’tstayattheparty,_____________willI.
8.Ican’tattendthemeetingand_______________you;wehavesomeotherworktodo.
9.A:Howoldareyou?
B:Canyoukeepasecret?
A:Sure.
B:______________I.
Possibleanswers:(so/asdo,neither/norshould,so/asdo,so/asam,neither/nordo,so/asis,neither/nor,neither/norcan,so/asam)
II.Rewritethefollowingsentences,beginningwiththeunderlinedpart.
1.Wewillnothaveenoughdrinkingwateruntilwestoppollutingourlakesandrivers.
Notuntil_______________________________________________
2.Wecansavetheearthonlybylearningtoliveinharmonywithnature.
Only__________________________________________________.
3.Iknewthatairpollutioncausesalmostthreemilliondeathseveryyearonlyafterthemeeting.
Only___________________________________________________
4.Sustainabledevelopmentcanonlybepossiblewithinternationalcooperation.
Only__________________________________________________.
5.TheEarthSummitisnotonlyaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplaceto
findsolutionsforthefuture.
Notonly___________________________________________________.
6.Peoplewillbeabletobuildabettersocietyinharmonywithnatureonlywithbettereducation.
Only______________________________________________________.
7.Weseldomthinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.
Seldom___________________________________________________.
8.Ihaveneverrealizedthatwaterissoprecious.
Never____________________________________________________.Trytobecleaninourdailyactivities;
c.UseenvironmentallysafeproductsDisposeoftrashproperlyRecyclehouseholdwaste,yardwaste,andhazardouschemicalsDon’tpourwastewaterintoriversandlakeswithoutbeingcleaned.Recycletheusedbattery.Usepaperbagsinsteadofplasticbags.2.Reportthewaystostoppollutioninclass.
I.参考网址:
http:///speechcn.htm(howtoplanandprepareaspeech)
II.补充语法
倒装语序分为“全部倒装”和“部分倒装”。在全部倒装的句子中,整个谓语都放在主语的前面;在部分倒装的句子中,只是谓语中的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或系动词be等)放在主语前面,其余部分仍放在主语后面。一、由there,here或now等引起,谓语为come(或go)的句子,例如:
Therecomesthebus!Theregoesthebell!
HerecomesMary!Nowcomesyourturn.
注:如果主语为人称代词,仍用自然语序,例如:
Therehecomes!Hereshecomes!
二、由then引起,谓语为come(或follow)的句子,
Thencameanewdifficulty.
ThenfollowedeightyearsoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.
三、由here(或there)引导,谓语为be的句子
HereisChina’slargesttropicalforest.
Herearesomepicture-books.
注:如果主语为人称代词,仍用自然语序,
Hereyouare./Hereweare./Hereitis
四、由so引起的,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)的句子,如:
Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.
Heplaystheviolinquitewell.Sodoesmysister.
如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思,尽管so用开头,语序也不要倒装
--Itwascoldyesterday.–-Soitwas!
五、由neither或nor引起的,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人(或物)的句子,
--Iwon’tdosuchathing.
–-Neither/NorwillI.
--Ihaven’tdonemyhomework.
–-Neither/NorhaveI.
Ifyoudon’tgo,neitherwillI.
Ididn’treadthenotice,nordidhe.
六、在if引导的非真实条件句中,如有助动词had,should或were时,可以省略if,进行倒装,
HadIcomefiveminutesearlier,Iwouldhavemetthefamousscientist.
(IfIhadcomefiveminutes…)
Shouldanyonecall,tellhimtowaitformehere.
WereItenyearsyounger,Iwouldwithyou.
Shouldyouchangeyourmind,letusknow.
七、out,in,up,down,away等副词放在主语前,主谓倒装
Upflewtheredballoon.
Outrushedapolicemanfromamongthecrowd.
注:如果主语是一个人称代词,谓语仍放在后面,如:
Awaytheywent./Downitflew./Upitwent.八、当as引导让步状语从句时,把表语提到前面来,用“形容词(或副词、名词+as+主语+谓语”这种形式
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Tiredashewas,hecontinuedtowork.
HardasIwork,Ican’tcatchupwithyou.
Muchasweliketheplace,wecan’tstayhere.
九、当always,often,manyatime等词放在句首时,后面常用倒装语序,如:
Alwaysdidhecometohelpus.
Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.
Manyatimedidhegoswimmingintheriver.
注:上述所说的词不放在句首,不用倒装语序。
十、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时,其后面的主语部分要进行倒装,如:
Onlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimprovethesituationthere.
OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.
Onlyoncedidhisfatherdiscusshisfuturewithhim.
OnlyyesterdaydidIrealizewhatwasgoingon.
OnlyafterhecamebackwasIabletoseehim.
注:only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如:
OnlysocialismcansaveChina.十一、含有否定意义的副词、连词或短语构成的状语放在句首时,常用倒装语序
not,never,hardly,seldom,little,rarely,
scarcely,notuntil,notonly…butalso…,
neither…nor…nosooner…than…,
hardly…when…,scarcely…when
NevershallIforgettheday.
NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizeIhadwastedmuchtime.
Notonlydidhereadthebook,butalsoherememberedwhathehadread.
Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhefellill.
Hardly/Scarcelyhadhearrivedwhenhefellill.
注:上面所说的词和词组如果不在句首,句子不必用倒装语序。
另外,notonly…butalso连接两个主语时,不用倒装,如:
Notonlythestudents,butalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.
十二、当so(或such)…that…结构中的so或such用于句首时,要采取倒装语序,如:
Soloudlydidhespeakthathewasheardupstairs.
Soangrywashethathecouldn’tspeak.
Soharddoeshestudythatheisthebestintheclass.
Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.
Suchwashisstrengththathecouldbendironbars.
注:such和be连用作表语时,也常用倒装语序,
Suchwastheresult.
Suchwereherwords.
Suchwasthestoryhetold.十三、在下列结构中也常用倒装语序:
Infrontofthemstoodagreatcastle.
Onthebedlayasickoldman.
Underthetreesatanoldman.
Seatedonthegroundaresomeyoungmen.
Lyingonthefloorwasaboy.
典型例题:
1.NotuntilIbegantowork______howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didntIrealizeB.didIrealize
C.Ididntrealize D.Irealize
2.—DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar?
—Idontknow,_______.
A.nordontIcare B.nordoIcare
C.Idontcareneither D.Idontcarealso
答案为B。Notuntil引导从句位于句首,后面的主句要倒装。
答案为B。句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。典型例题
—WhycantIsmokehere?
—Atnotime_______inthemeeting-room.
A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermitted D.doessmokingpermit
答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_______whatheatis.
A.mandidknow B.manknow
C.didntmanknow D.didmanknow
答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D中选一个。改写为正常语序为,Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。典型例题
Nosooner_______thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebegan B.hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D.hadthegamebegun答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when等等。
注意:只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
AboutWorldDayforWater
TheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyadoptedresolutionA/RES/47/193of22December1992bywhich22MarchofeachyearwasdeclaredWorldDayforWater,tobeobservedstartingin1993,inconformitywiththerecommendationsoftheUnitedNationsConferenceonEnvironmentandDevelopment(UNCED)containedinChapter18(FreshWaterResources)ofAgenda21.StateswereinvitedtodevotetheDay,asappropriateinthenationalcontext,toconcreteactivitiessuchasthepromotionofpublicawarenessthroughthepublicationanddiffusionofdocumentariesandtheorganizationofconferences,roundtables,seminarsandexpositionsrelatedtotheconservationanddevelopmentofwaterresourcesandtheimplementationoftherecommendationsofAgenda21.
hatisWorldEnvironmentDay?
WorldEnvironmentDaywasestablishedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyin1972toraiseenvironmentalawarenessandtoencourageactiontoprotecttheenvironment.
IV.EARTHSUMMIT
In1992,morethan100headsofstatemetinRiodeJaneiro,BrazilforthefirstinternationalEarthSummitconvenedtoaddressurgentproblemsofenvironmentalprotectionandsocio-economicdevelopment.TheassembledleaderssignedtheConventiononClimateChangeandtheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,endorsedtheRioDeclarationandtheForestPrinciples,andadoptedAgenda21,a300pageplanforachievingsustainabledevelopmentinthe21stcentury.
TheCommissiononSustainableDevelopment(CSD)wascreatedtomonitorandreportonimplementationoftheEarthSummitagreements.ItwasagreedthatafiveyearreviewofEarthSummitprogresswouldbemadein1997bytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblymeetinginspecialsession.ThisspecialsessionoftheUNGeneralAssemblytookstockofhowwellcountries,internationalorganizationsandsectorsofcivilsocietyhaverespondedtothechallengeoftheEarthSummit.
俗话说,居安思危,思则有备,有备无患。教师在教学前就要准备好教案,做好充分的准备。教案可以让学生们能够更好的找到学习的乐趣,减轻教师们在教学时的教学压力。教案的内容具体要怎样写呢?为此,小编从网络上为大家精心整理了《高二英语Unit7Livingwithdisease复习教案汇总》,仅供您在工作和学习中参考。
高二英语Unit7Livingwithdisease复习教案汇总
SectionI课前准备、听力、口语
1.IcanbecomeinfectedwithHIVbyswimminginapool,sittinginabath.在游泳池里游泳、浴缸里洗澡我会感染艾滋病毒。(p.49WarmingUp‘AIDSQUIZ’No.2)
1)infect(1)infectvt.“传染,感染”,常与with连用。如:①Thepatientinfectedmewithabadcold.这病人把重感冒传染给了我。②Heinfectedhiswoundwithdiseasegerms.他的伤口感染了病菌。
(2)被动语态beinfectedwith后接“疾病”时,表示“被……感染”;后接“某种思想”时,表示“被…“影响,感化”。如:①Thechildrenwereaninfectedwithmalaria.孩子们都感染了疟疾。②Becarefulnottobeinfectedwithflu.小心别传染上流感。③Whenhewasinprison,hewasinfectedwithallsortsofantisocialideas.他在狱中受到各种反动思想的影响。
infectsb.with...传染给某人……/beinfectedwith...被传染上……/aninfectedarea污染地区/infectsb.withatheory用理论影响
2)by(1)prep.表示行为的主语,表示方法、手段或所用的工具,后面可以接动名词作宾语。如:①Hemakesalivingbybeggingfromdoortodoor.他靠挨门挨户乞讨为生。②Ablindmancanknowwhatsomethingislikebyfeelingandtouching.盲人可以通过触摸来了解某些东西的样子。③Youcanmakethatkind0fcakebymixingeggsandflour.把鸡蛋和面粉混合,你就可以做出那种蛋糕。(2)也可用来引导时间状语,意为“到……时候为止…”“在……时候之前”,句中谓语动词用完成时态。如引导的是过去时间状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;如引导的是将来时间状语,则用将来完成时。如:①Bytheendoflastyear,wehadlearned1,000Englishwords.到去年年底为止,我们已学会了1,000个英语单词。②BynextFriday,Ishallhavefinishedthework.到下周五,我将完成这项工作。③SurelyRobertmusthavereturnedbynow.
现在罗伯特肯定已经回来了。
当谓语动词由be来充当时,多用一般时态。如:Bythenhewasmorethanfiftyyearsofage.到那时,他已经五十多岁了。
byaccident=bychance偶然地/bymeansof借助/靠bynomeans绝不,决不/take...bysurprise出其不意/byoneself单独,独立地/bytheway顺便说/learn...byheart记熟/byturns轮流/bythen到那时/onebyone一个一个地/littlebylittle一点一点地/byandby不久,过一会儿/bymistake由于疏忽/sidebyside肩并肩/byfar...得多
by;with;in
by通常表示方法或手段,也可以接动名词表示某种手段;/with表示使用具体的工具;/in表示所用的原料、材料或途径。如:①Thestreetislightedbyelectricity.街道用电照明。②Shesawastrangebirdwithherowneyes.她亲眼见到一只怪鸟。③Ifilledinanapplicationforminink.我用墨水填写的申请表。④Ipaidthebillincash.我用现金结的账。
Helikestowritearticlesinpen/pencil.
Helikestowritearticleswithapen/pencil.
在被动语态中,行为者若是无生命的,用by或with均可。如;①Thefieldsarecoveredby/withsnow.田野被雪覆盖了。②Altogethermorethan70percentofthesurfaceofourplanetiscoveredbywater.地球表面总共有70%多被水覆盖。③Antarcticaiscoveredwithsolidthickiceanddeepsnow.南极被厚厚的冰雪覆盖。
2.PeoplewhohavenotinjecteddrugsdonotneedtogettestedforHIV.不注射毒品的人没有必要去做艾滋病毒检测。(p.49WarmingUp‘AIDSQUIZ’No.5)
get+过去分词(1)“get+过去分词”与“be+过去分词”用法相近,主要用于①谈论意想不到的、突然的或偶然发生的情况;②谈论为自己做的事,即自身做的动作而不是被动的动作。如:①Igotcaughtforspeeding.我因超速而被抓住。②Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。③Didyougetinvitedtotheparty?你被邀请参加舞会了吗?
getdressed穿衣/getwashed洗脸/getlost迷路/getmarried结婚/getcharged充电/getseparated被分散(2)get作为系动词,后面可接adj.,或n.,意为“成为……”。如:①Itsgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.屋外天色变得越来越暗。②Youdbettertakeanumbrellawithyouifyoudontwanttogetwet.如果不想被淋湿的话,你最好带把伞。③Theboyisgetting(tobe)aburdentothefamily.这个男孩逐渐成为家里的负担。
getabout=getaround/round=spread(消息)传开;getalong/onwith...与……相处,进展;getdownto开始,着手做;getin=harvest收获;getoff下车;getcloseto接近;getholdof得到,抓住;getintouchwith与……取得联系
3.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.如果我得了艾滋病我会知道,因为我会感到难受。(p.49WarmingUp‘AIDSQUIZ’No.5)
feel的用法
(1)feel是系动词,表示“感觉起来……”,后接形容词作表语,没有被动形式。如:①--Areyoufeelinganybetter?--Yes,thankyou.Ifeelfinenow.-你感觉好点儿吗?-谢谢,我现在觉得很好。②Hiscomplimentmadeherfeelgood.他的恭维让她觉得心里很舒服。③Ifeelsure(=Imsure)thatshewilltakethejob.我确信她一定会接受那份工作。
feelwell是表示身体上感觉舒服,而feelgood是表示精神上的满足,舒服之意。
(2)feel系动词,“摸上去有……的感觉”。如:①Ababysskinfeelssmooth.婴儿的皮肤摸起来很光滑。②Howcoldyourhandsfeel!你的手怎么这么冰凉。
(3)feel为感官动词,接不定式作宾补时通常省去to,如果tobe作宾补时则不省,在被动语态中,宾补的不定式符号to不能省。如:①Hefeltsomeonepathimontheshoulder.他感到有人拍他的肩膀。②Theyallfeelthisplantobeimportant.他们都感到那个计划很重要。
feellike;wouldlike;like
feellike表示“愿意做某事”,后面接动名词;表示“觉得好像,摸起来像……”时,后面要接名词。
would(should)like表示“想要干某事”,后面可接名词或动词不定式。like表示“喜欢做某事”,后面接不定式或动名词。如:①IfeellikemakingatriptotheGreatWall.我想到长城旅游。②Shefeltlikeaprincessinthatdress.她穿上那件衣服,感觉自己像个公主。③Idliketohaveaconversationwiththepatient.我想跟那个病人谈谈。④--WhatcanIdoforyou?-Idlikeacupoftea?-要点什么?-来杯茶。⑤Helikestotravel/travellingalone.他喜欢独自旅行。
feelasif/asthough觉得好像;feellikedoing感觉想做;feelonesway摸索前进;feelforsth.摸索着找某物;feeloneself感到正常;feelupto觉得适于
4.PeoplewhohaveHIVlookdifferentfromeveryoneelse.那些艾滋病毒携带者看上去与其他人不同。(p.49WarmingUp‘AIDSQUIZ’No.7)
1)different(1)differentadj.“不同的,各式各样的”,可以作表语、定语。如:①Theyarequitedifferentintheirtastes.他们的品味差异很大。②Myopinionsaredifferentfromyours.我的意见与你的不同。③Wewenttodifferenthighschools.我们分别就读于不同的高中。④Thestrangemanhasaverydifferentwayofliving.这个怪人有非常独特的生活方式。(2)表示“与…不同”用from;“在……方面不同”用in或asto。如:①Hethinksdifferentlyfromme.=Hisopinionisdifferentfrommine.他的想法和我的不同。②Hediffersfromhisbrotherinlooks.他的长相跟几个兄弟不同。③JapanesediffersgreatlyfromFrenchinpronunciation.日语与法语在发音方面有很大不同。
bedifferentfrom与……不同;differentlyfrom与……不同;differfromin/asto在……方面不同;thesameas与……相同;besimilarto与……相似
2)else(1)else常与疑问词how,what,who,where等连用,也可与不定代词something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody等连用,并置于上述词语之后。如:①Nobodyelseunderstandsmeaswellasyou
do.别人没有一个你这样理解我。②Itstoocrowdedhere.Letsgosomewhereelse.这儿太拥挤了,咱们到别的地方去吧!③Wouldyoulikeanythingelsetodrink?你还要喝点别的什么吗?
(2)else的所有格形式是elses。如:①Youllhavetoborrowsomeoneelsescar.Imusingmine.你得另借别人的汽车,我的车还要用呢。②Thatmustbesomeoneelsescoat;itisntmine.那一定是另外什么人的外套,不是我的。
(3)else可以与little和(not)much连用。如:①Littleelseisknownaboutthismanslife.关于此人的生张,别的就知道的很少了。②Thereisnotmuchelset0d0nowbutwait.现在除了等待之外,也没有其他的办法。
(4)orelse“否则,要不然”,相当于otherwise。①Hurryup,orelseyouwillmissthetrain.快一点儿,否则你就赶不上火车了。②Youmustgotherequicklyorelseyouwillnotbebackintime.你必须快去,否则你就不能及时回来了。
5.ItssafetobefriendswithpeoplewhoarelivingwithAIDS.跟正在忍受艾滋病的人交朋友是安全的。(p.49WarmingUp‘AIDSQUIZ’No.8)
1)这是一个it作形式主语的句型,后面的动词不定式作真正主语。这类结构有:
(1)Itis/seems/feels…+adj.+todosth.①ItshardtotranslatethissentenceintoEnglish.把这个句子译成英语很难。②Itseemseasytodealwithhim.跟他打交道好像挺容易。
(2)Its+n.+todosth.①Itsamistaketodoitinthisway.这样做是错误的。②Itsapleasuretobewithyou.跟你在一起很高兴。在这儿见到外真意外!
Itsagreatsurprisetomeetyouhere!
Itsverysurprisingtomeetyouhere!
Imverysurprisedtomeetyouhere!
(3)It+动词短语+todosth.①Itneedshardworktofinishthejob.做完那项工作需要艰苦劳动。②Itrequirespatiencetoteachchildren.教育孩子需要耐心。
(4)在这类句子结构中,不定式的逻辑主语通常可在特定的情景中看出,也可用介词for或of引出。①Itsimpossibleforhimtogoalone.他一个人去不可能。②Itskindofyoutosayso.谢谢你这样说。
Its...forsb.todo;Its...ofsb.todo
句型Its+adj.+forsb.todo中,it为形式主语,forsb.todo是真正主语,使用这一句型只表明不定式行为的特点,而不表明sb.本身的特点,常见的此类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,important,necessary,expensive,impossible等。句型Its+adj.+ofsb.todo中,it为形式主语,ofsb.todo是真正主语。使用这一句型意在对sb.及其所做的行为进行评价,此类形容词有good,kind,nice,wise,wrong,clever,brave,honest等。另外,后一种句型可以进行下列句型转换:Itsstupidofyoutomakesuchamistake.=Youarestupidtomakesuchamistake.
而前一种句型则不能这样转换:
Itsimpossibleforhimtogoalone.不可能转换为:Heisimpossibletogoalone.
2)live(1)vi.生存,居住,生活,留在记忆中。①Shelostherwilltolive.她失去了活下去的意志。②HervoicewilllivewithmeuntilIdie.我至死不会忘记她的声音。③Noshipcouldliveinsucharoughsea.在这样汹涌的大海航行,没有船不沉没。
(2)livewith与……一起生活;忍受,忍耐①Hedoesntlivewithhisparents.他不和父母住在一起。②Youhavetolearntolivewithstress.你得学会忍受压力。
liveby靠……为生;liveon以……为主食,靠……生活;livethrough经历过,经过……之后还活着;liveoff依赖……生活;liveupto遵守,不辜负;liveoutonesdream实现梦想;liveandletlive宽容别人
6.MedicalstudiesshowthattheAIDSviruscannotbetransmittedviathefollowingroutes.医学研究表明艾滋病毒不通过下列途径传播。(p.49WarmingUp倒数第2行)
(1)transmitvt.传染,传导,遗传,发射①Parentstransmitsomeoftheircharacteristicstotheirchildren.父母把一些有特有的性格遗传给儿女。②Thepowerdevelopedbytheengineistransmittedtothewheelsbysomeparts.引擎发动的动力通过某些部件传给轮子。③Therevolutionarytraditionshouldbetransmittedtotheyoungergeneration.革命传统应该传给下一代。④Mosquitoestransmitmalaria.蚊子传播疟疾。⑤Shetransmittedthemessagetome.她传递口信给我。
发电报英语通常用send,transmit是指operator通过电报机把电码输送发出。
(2)viaprep.bywayof经由,取……途径①WewenttoLondonviaSiberia.我们取道西伯利亚到的伦敦。②Hesentmealoveletterviaoneofmyfriends.他通过我的一个朋友把情书寄给了我。
7.Takenotesofwhatyouhearonthetape.记下你在录音中听到的。(p.50ListeningPart2No.1)
takenotesof=takeanoteof也可以说makenotesof或makeanoteof意为“记下,记录”。①Makeanoteofthetitleofthebooks.记下这些书的书名。②Heneverforgetstomakenotesforhisspeech.他从未忘记在演讲前先拟好草稿。③Thestudentsarebusytakingnotesinclass.学生们忙着在课堂上做笔记。
comparenotes交换意见;takenoteof注意到…;takenoticeof注意到…;takenonoticeof没注意到…;withoutnotice不预先通知地;comeintonotice引起注意
8.Usetherolecardinthegroupdiscussionandtrytopersuadetheothergroupmembersthatyourproblemisthemostseriousone.在小组讨论中使用任务卡并说服其他组员用你所说的问题是最严重的。(p.50Speaking)
persuadev.“说服,劝服”,可用于以下结构中:persuadesb.todosth.;persuadesb.intodoingsth.;persuadesb.that-clause;persuadesb.outofdoingsth.①Hepersuadedhertogo/intogoingwithhim.他说服了她和他一块去。②Ipersuadedhimoutofsmoking.我说服了他戒烟。③Hepersuadedmethatdeathdoesnotendall.他说服了我相信死并不使一切结束。
如果说而不服或劝而不服,则不能运用persuade。因为它表示已经说服,而且应用trytopersuadesb.todo或advisesb.todo。如:①Ihaveneverpersuadedhimtotakethejob.=ManytimesItriedtopersuadehimtotakethejob,butIfailedto.我始终没有说服他接受这份工作。②Itriedtopersuadehimtodoitbuthewouldnt.=Iadvisedhimtodoitbuthewouldnt.我设法说服他做但他不肯听。
SectionⅡ阅读
9.Borndying出生即面临死亡(p.51Reading‘Title’)
(1)born+adj./n.生为……①HewasbornFrench,butlatertookCanadiancitizenship.他生为法国人,但后来取得了加拿大公民身份。②Thechildrenarebornlucky.这些孩子生来就很幸运。
(2)beborntodo生来就是Shewasborntosucceedinlife.她生来就注定会成功。
(3)bornadj.“天生的,生来就有的”,作定语。Sheisabornpoet.她是个天生的诗人。
10.ManypeoplewhohaveAIDSmanagetosurviveonlyafewyearsaftertheygetthedisease.许多艾滋病人在染病后只能活几年。(p.51Reading第二段第3行)
survivev.
(1)幸好,由……中生还,经历(灾难)之后还活着①Onlyonebabysurvivedtheterriblecarcrash.在那次可怕的撞车事故中,只有一个婴儿生还。②Fewhousesinthisdistricthavesurvivedafterthestorm.本地区暴风雨后残留下来的房子寥寥无几。③Onlyafewsoldierssurvivedafterthebattle.战斗过后,只有少数士兵活了下来。
(2)vt.比……长寿,在失去……之后继续活下去①Themansurvivedhissisterbythreeyears.那人比他姐多活了3年。②Thegirlsurvivedherparents.这女孩父母已死。
survive的名词形式是survival(幸存)和survivor(幸存者)。
11.Forsome,medicinecanhelpkeepthemalive.对于有些病人来说,药物可以帮助维持生命。(p.51Reading第二段第4行)
1)help是动词,后接不定式时to可省略或不省略。①Thenewpolicyhelped(to)braketheinflation.那项新政策有助于抑制通货膨胀。②Computer-aidedinstructionwillhelpstudents(to)learnforeignlanguages.使用电脑帮助教学有助于学生学习外语。
help后面所接的动词通常不加to,但BritishEnglish中有加to的趋势。但被动态中不能省略to。如:
Theboywashelpedbyawomantocollecthisscatteredcoins.一个妇人帮那男孩拾散乱一地的钱币。
canthelpdoing禁不住;canthelpbutdo不得不做;withthehelpof在……的帮助下;helponeselfto随便,自取(食物等);helpsb.out帮助某人摆脱困境;helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事;Itcantbehelped.实在没办法。
2)keepvt.作“保持,保存,保留”解时,可以接复合宾语,具体如下:
(1)keepsb./sth.+adj.①Wemustkeepoureyesopen.我们必须提高警惕。②Weshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.我们要保持房间整洁。
(2)keepsb./sth.+doing①Dontkeepyourmotherwaiting.别让你妈妈久等。②Theykeptthefireburningthewholefight.火整夜不熄。
keeparecord保持记录;keepback扣留,阻止;keepfit保持身体健康;keep...inmind把……记在心里;keepintouchwith与……保持联系;keepoff勿踏,勿踩;keepon坚持干,继续前进;keeponesbalance保持……平衡;keep...outof不使……入内;keepoutof不惹事;keepup保持,维护,继续;keepupwith赶上,不落在后面
12.Iwishthatshewereherewithme.我真希望她现在跟我在一起。(p.51Reading第三段倒数第2行)
wish后接虚拟语气
“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为“可惜……”“……就好了”“悔不该……”“但愿……”:(1)表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;(2)表示将来不能实现的愿望,用“would/could+动词原形”;(3)表示过去不能实现的愿望,用haddone或could/wouldhavedone。如:①Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.②Iwishyoucouldgowithus.③Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.④IwishIcouldflytothemooninaspaceshiponeday.
wishtodosth.希望做…;wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事;wishsb.sth.祝某人得到…;wishfor...渴望…giveonesbestwishesto向……表示良好的祝愿
wish;hope
(1)wishtodo=wanttodo表示说话者想要做什么,但不去想能实现与否,或以为可能性不大;而hopetodo则表示说话人既有此愿,也努力去实现。如Iwish=Iwanttobecomeadoctor和Ihopetobecomeadoctor。
(2)wish表示与事实相反的愿望,hope表示未来可能的希望。如:Iwishyouwoulddothisforme.(但愿你会为我做,但我知道你不愿为我做。)Ihopeyouwilldothisforme.(希望你会为我做,而且知道你可能会帮助我。)
(3)wish可用来表示祝愿,后接双宾语,而hope不能这样。如:Iwishyouluck=Ihopeyouwillbelucky.
13.…mainlybecauseofalackofproperhealthcare,preventionandeducation……主要由于缺乏合适的身体保健、预防和教育(p.51Reading倒数第二段第3行)
(1)lackn.v.缺乏①Sheshowedalackofhumour.她缺少幽默。②Hecompletelylackedconscience.他一点良心也没有。③Theprojectfailedduetolackofmoney.那项计划因资金不足而失败。④Theyaresorichthattheylackfornothing.他们非常富裕,不欠缺什么。
forlackof因缺乏……;;havenolackof不缺乏……;lackfornothing一无所缺;belackingin缺乏
lack与shortage
lack是一个通用性名词,意指整体或局部的不足;
shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack同义,但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯性的总数不足时,比lack所示的不足更甚。
(2)healthn.健康,健康状况①Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeopleshealth.发展体育运动,增强人民体质。②Freshairisgoodforoneshealth.新鲜空气有益健康。
loseoneshealth失去健康;regainoneshealth恢复健康;beingood/poorhealth身体健康/不健康;publichealth公共卫生;drinktooneshealth为某人的健康干杯;mentalhealth心理卫生健康
14.IfIweretolivelongenoughtohaveajob,Iwouldchoosetobeadoctor,helpingtheseAIDSpatients.假如我能活到找工作,我会选择当医生,帮助那些艾滋病人。(p.52Reading第一段第3行)
(1)虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中,可以表示与将来事实相反,形式如下:Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeeting
wouldbeputoff.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.如果明天会下雨,会议就会延期。
当省略条件状语从句中的if时,句子可以用倒装。上句可变为:①Wereittoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.②Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.
(2)helping此处是一个现在分词短语作伴随状语。再如:①Thestudentswentoutintothefields,laughingandtalking.同学们笑着、谈论着走到田野里。②Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoor.孩子摔倒了,头撞在了门上。③Holdinghisheadhigh,hewalkedandpassedthepoleandthesoldiers.他高昂着头,从那根杆子和士兵面前走过。
15.ThediseaseisnottheonlythingthatAIDSpatientssufferfrom.病痛并不是艾滋病患者经受的唯一的痛苦。(p.52Reading第二段第1行)
suffer一词的用法
(1)vt.受苦,患病,遭受损失。如:①Theinjuredmanwasstillsuffering.那位受伤的男人还在受着折磨。②Hishealthsufferedterriblyfromheavydrinking.他的健康因豪饮而严重受损。③Theenginesufferedseverely.这台引擎受到很大损害。
sufferfor因某事而受罚;sufferfrom表示患病。如:Hellsufferforhisfoolery.他会因自己的蠢行而受到惩罚。①Thecitysufferedseriousdamagefromtheearth-quake.这个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。②Inthebattle,theenemysufferedheavyloss.战斗中,敌人伤亡惨重。sufferhunger挨饿
(2)vt.忍受,忍耐(通常用于否定句、疑问句)。如:①Illnolongersufferthisinsult.我不会再忍受这种侮辱了。②Iwontsuffersuchconduct.我不能容忍这种行为。
16.Iwishpeoplewouldfindoutthefacts.我希望人们了解实情。(p.52Reading第二段第6行)
find一词的用法
(1)vt.“(偶然)发现,遇见”,没有进行时态。如:
①Ifoundaten-dollarnoteontheroad.我在路上发现一张10美元的钞票。②IwassurprisedwhenIfoundyouinthe
bus.在公共汽车上看到你时我很惊讶。
(2)findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物。如:
①Pleasefindmemykey.=Pleasefindmykeyforme.请帮我找找我的钥匙。②Hellfindyouagoodjob.他会帮你找个好工作。
(3)findsb.+adj.发现…为…①Afteralongsearch,wefoundtheboysafeandsound.经过长久的搜寻,我们发现那个男孩安然无恙。②Thejuryfoundthemanguilty.陪审团裁定这人有罪。③Wefoundhimdishonest.我们觉得他不诚实。
(4)findoneself+宾补“(不知不觉)中发现自己处于某种境地”。如:①ShereturnedtoEnglandtofindherselffamous.她回到英国发现自己竟成名了。②Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftiedtothegroundbythelittlepeople.他醒来后,发现自己被小人们绑在了地上。③Aqiaofoundherselfinadifferentworld.阿巧发现自己来到了另一个世界。④Atmidnighthefoundhimselflyingonthewetground.午夜时分,他发现自己躺在了湿地上。
我发觉这本书非常有教育意义。
Ifoundthebookveryinstructive.
Ifoundthebooktobeveryinstructive.
Ifoundthatthebookwasveryinstructive.
你会发现他很难相处。
Youllfindhimdifficultgogetalongwith.
Youllfindthatheisdifficulttogetalongwith.
Youllfinditdifficulttogetalongwithhim.
find;findout;lookfor;discover
find“发现”,指偶然或经过一番经历而发现,与findout;另外还有“找到”的意思,是lookfor寻找的结果;
findout“查明”,指通过观察、研究或调查,找出原因,查明事实,发现错误、秘密等;
lookfor“寻找”,强调寻找的动作,而find是找到,强调找到的结果;
discover“发现”,指发现前的未知的事物或现象。如:
①Ilookedformywatcheverywhereandfounditatlast.我到处找手表,最后终于找到了。②Hewassenttothecountrysidetofindoutthesituationthere.他被派往农村去了解那儿的情况。③DoyouknowwhodiscoveredAmerica?你知道谁发现的美洲?
17.Thatisthebestwaytoshowthatyoucare.那是表达你关怀的最好办法。(p.52Reading第二段倒数第2行)
way一词的用法
(1)wayn.指到达目的地所经过的途径,意为“道路,路途”,含义较抽象,常指路的去向,有时还引申为“方法、方式、手段”等。如:①Thedriverdidntknowwhichwaytogo.司机不知往哪儿走。②Thisisthenearestwaytothehotel.这是去旅馆最近的路。③Idontlikethewayyoutreatyourchildren.我不喜欢你对待孩子的方式。④Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竞成。
表达“在公路上,在街道上”,英国人常用intheroad/street,美国人常用ontheroad/street。表达“走路’’时,可说Takethis/thatway也可说godown/up/alongtheroad。
(2)wayn.方法,做法,手段①Thereareatotofwaystomakefriends.交朋友的方法很多。②ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistogotothecountrieswherethelanguageisspoken.学英语的最好方法是到讲英语的国家去。③Thisisthesafestwaytoinvestmoney.这是最安全投资方法。④Thetwoboysworkedouttheprobleminthesameway.这两个男生是用相同的方法解出这道题的。⑤--Cantheproblembedoneinanotherway?--Yes,itcanbedoneinthreedifferentways.—这道题可以用另一种方法解吗?
—是的,它可用三种不同的方法解。
way作“方法,办法”讲时,后面的定语可以用todo或ofdoing。如:Hehasastrangeway0fdoingthings.=Hehasastrangewaytodothings.
(3)way作先行词时,定语从句中的关系代词可以用inwhich,that或省略,省略的形式更为常见。如:①Idontlikethewayshespeakstoyou.=Idontlikethewayinwhichshespeakstoyou.=Idontlikethewaythatshespeakstoyou.我不喜欢她跟你讲话的态度。②Thewaytheylookatproblemsisquitewrong.=Thewayinwhichtheylookatproblemsisquitewrong.=Thewaythattheylookatproblemsisquitewrong.他们看问题的方法不对。
way;road;street;pathway“道路”,用法较抽象,因此可引申“方法、方式或手段”;road“公路,马路”,指两地之间能通行人或车辆的大道,用法较具体;street“街道”,指城市、乡镇中两边有建筑物的路段;path“小路,小径”,指由行人在田野林间踩成的道,往往较窄小,蜿蜒曲折,也可指运动的途径轨道。如:①Thereismuchtrafficontheroad.公路上车辆很多。②Thereisawalkingstreetinourcity.学校离我家很远。
alltheway一直,完全;bytheway顺便说;bywayof经过;giveway让路;inaway某种程度上;innoway决不;noway不可能;inthe/onesway妨碍别人;makeonesway前往;fightonesway打出一条路;getinonesway妨碍别人;loseonesway迷路;pushonesway奋力向前挤;ononesway在途中;findonesway找到路getoutoftheway走开;underway在进行中;thiswayandthat这样那样;haveonesway为所欲为;leadtheway领路;inthis/thatway用这种/那种办法
SectionIII词汇、语法、综合技能
18.Cancercanbetreated.癌症可以治疗。(p.55Inte-gratingSkills第二段第1行)
treat一词的用法
(1)treatv.治疗,医治(病人,疾病等)①Thedoctortreatedmyinfluenza.医生治疗我的流感。②Hetreatedherforabrokenarm.他为她治疗那条骨折的手臂。③Theytreatedhimwithanewdrug.他们用新药医治他的病痛。④Thedentististreatinghistooth.牙医正在治疗他的牙齿。⑤Hiswoundswerewelltreatedinthearmyhospital.他的伤在陆军医院受到很好的治疗。
表示“治好某人的某种病”要用curesb.ofsth.。如:①Thefreshaironthefarmcuredmeofmyheadache.农场的新鲜空气治好了我的头痛。②Wehavetocurethechildofbadhabits.我们必须纠正孩子的坏习惯。③Thismedicinewillcureyourfeverinnotime.这种药很快就能治好你的头痛。
(2)treatvt.对待,把……看作①Theytreatedeachotherlikebrothers.他们亲如手足。②Whydoyoutreatthematterasajoke?你为何把这件事当作玩笑呢?③ShetreatedmeasifIwereachild.她把我当作小孩看待。
“把…当作”的表达方式regard...as;have...as;lookon...as;thinkof...as;consider...as;treat...as
(3)treatvt.款待,宴请(某人)①Itsmyturntotreatyoutonight.今晚轮到我请客。②Hetreatedmetoamovie.他请我看电影。
19.Itdoesnotspreadfromonepersontoanother.它不会在人和人之间传播。(p.55IntegratingSkills第二段倒数第2行)
spread一词的用法
(1)vt.“使伸展,延伸,张开”,常与out连用。如:①Ispreadanewclothonthetable.我在餐桌上铺上一条新桌布。②Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeus.他张开手臂欢迎我们。③Themotherspreadblanketoverthesleepingchild.那位母亲摊开毛毯盖在睡着的孩子身上。
(2)vi.(消息等)传开,流传。如:①Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly.消息很快传遍学校。②Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousenearby.火势从工厂延至附近的房舍。③Therumourquicklyspreadthroughthetown.谣言在镇上传开了。
spread表示“消息、谣言、知识等的传播”时,是不及物动词,因此没有被动语态形式,且可以用gotround/about等替换。如:Howdidtherumourgetabout?谣言是怎么传开的?
spreadout传开消息;spreadrumors散布谣言;spreadlikewildfire像野火般传开;spreadoneself舒展身体;getabout/around/round(消息等)传开
20.TheyhelpedmefindthestrengthIneededtorecover.他们帮助我建立康复的信心。(p.55IntegratingSkills第三段第4行)
recovervt.从……中恢复,痊愈①Idontthinkhewillrecover.我认为他不会恢复健康。②Hehasrecoveredfromacold.他感冒已痊愈了。③Wehaventyetrecoveredfromtheshock.我们还未从那次打击中恢复过来。④Hasthecountryrecoveredfromtheeffectofthewaryet?那个国家已从战争的影响中恢复过来了吗?
*他已恢复健康。Herecoveredfromhisillness./Herecoveredhishealth./Hewasrestoredtohealth./Thedoctorrestoredhimtohealth.
recoverconsciousness恢复意识;regainhealth恢复健康;recoveronessight恢复视力;recoveronesstrength恢复体力;recoverfromacold感冒痊愈;berestoredtohealth恢复健康;recoveroneself恢复健康,痊愈
21.Livingwithcancerhasmademerealisehowpreciouslifeisandhowimportantitisforustotakeeverychancetolivelifetothefullest.忍受癌症的折磨使我意识到生活多么珍贵,充分享受生活对我们来说是多么重要。(p.55IntegratingSkills第四段倒数第6行)
1)precious;preciousadj.贵重的①Nothingismorepreciousthantime.世上最宝贵的莫过于光阴。②Everychildisprecioustoitsparents.每个小孩都是父母的宝贝。③Thatbeautifulpieceofglassisveryprecious.那片漂亮的玻璃非常珍贵。
precious;valuable;priceless
precious指“价钱和价值很高的,值钱的”,如:preciousstones宝古,preciouswords珍贵的话;
valuable“宝贵的,贵重的,值钱的”,常常指交换价值或使用价值,有时是由于稀有而本身具有相当高的价值。如:Hemademanyvaluablediscoveriesinscience.他在科学上有很多有价值的发现。
priceless用来描述具有不可估量价值的东西。如:Humanlifeispriceless.人的生命是宝贵的。
2)chancen.v.
(1)n.“机会,机遇”,用作可数名词。如:①Ivebeenwaitingforthechancetospeaktoher.我一直在等待和她说话的机会。②Itsthechanceoflifetime.Dontmissit.这是千载难逢的机会,别错过了。③Shecouldhavebeengivenachancetobeamanager.她本来会得到一个当经理的机会的。④Hehopesforachancetogoabroad.他希望有机会出国。
bychance偶然,碰巧;takeachance冒险试一试;byanychance万一;chanceon/upon偶然找到;standachanceof有…的希望;onthechanceof指望着;thechancesthat有可能;leave...tochance将…听天由命
(2)n.“可能性”,用作可数名词或不可数名词。如:
①Thechancesareahundredtooneagainstyou.你只有百分之一的成功的可能性。②Whatarethechancesthatweshallsucceed?我们会成功的可能性有多大?③Ithinkshehasagoodchanceofwinning.我想她获胜的希望很大。④Thereisnochanceofraintoday.=Thereisnochancethatitwillraintoday.今天下雨的可能性不大。
chance后可以跟todo或ofdoing作宾语。
(3)v.“碰巧”,相当于happen,可以用作chancetodo或Itchancedthat...。如:①Ichanced/happenedtoseehimonabus.碰巧在车上我碰见他。②Itsochanced/happenedthatIwasoutwhenhecalled.他来时,我碰巧不在家。
chance;occasion;opportunity
chance表示(情理上不一定发生而发生的)“偶然、意外的机会”,含有一时的运气和侥幸的意味,比opportunity具有更大的偶然性。如:Letchancedecides.碰碰运气吧!
occasion“机会、时机”,是从“时刻,时节”的意思发展为“时机或机会”的,常指一般性的机会。如我们和别人谈话的occasion是随处可以有的,如果我们遇到了可以做某件事的occasion,而我们正希望做某件事,那么这个occasion就成了opportunity。
opportunity“机遇,好机会”,是afavourableoccasion或agoodchance,往往是期待着的occasion或chance。如:Everyoneshallhaveafairopportunitytomakethebestofhimself..每个人都应该有追求上进的公平机会。
2.主语从句与it
(1)由that引导的主语从句通常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句末,在正式文体中that不能省略。如:
①Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.很明显,司机已经不能控制他的车。②Itsquiteclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately.很明显,这是一起蓄意犯罪案。
(2)如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句那就只能用it作形式主语。如:①Isitprobablythattheywillcometomorrow?他们有可能明天来吗?②Isitawell-knownfactthatthemoonhasnolightofitsown?月亮本身不发光这是众所周知的事实吗?
Itshopedthat人们希望;Itssaidthat据说;Itsbelievedthat据信;Itsreportedthat据报道;Itsthoughtthat有人认为;Itssuggestedthat有人建议;Itsorderedthat已下令;Itsrequiredthat有人要求;Itssupposedthat据推测;Itswell-knownthat众所周知;Itsconsideredthat人们认为;Itspointedoutthat需要指出的是;Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认的是;Itscertainthat一定会;Itspossible/probablethat可能会;Itsgenerallyadmittedthat一般认为;Itsobvious/clearthat很显然;Itsagreatpitythat很遗憾
(1)Itssuggested/ordered/requiredthat中,主语从句要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形;should可以省略。
(2)Itscertainthat中,certain不能用sure代替。如:
①Itssuggestedthatwe(should)havelunchatthenewrestaurant.有人建议我们在新开的那家餐馆吃午餐。②Itsorderedthatthebaggage(should)bebroughttoherroom.她吩咐行李搬进她的房间。③Itsrequiredthatallthemembers(should)attendthemeeting.全部成员均要求出席会议。④Itscertainthattheearthisround.地球是圆的毫无疑问。
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