2010年中考英语备考名师精品资料――阅读理解
一、解题策略指导
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是:
1.读材料的主旨和大意,以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
2.既理解具体的事实,也理解抽象的概念。
3.既理解字面的意思,也理解深层次的含义,包括作者的态度,意图等。
4.既理解某句,某段的含义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并据此进行推理和判断。
5.既能根据所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化,涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累,做个有心人)体裁多样化,包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
大致来说,主要针对如下方面:1.文章的个别词或句子,可以给出生词让学生猜意,对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释;2.文章的某细节或情节;3.文章的主题;4.文章的背景知识;5.文章的结论或结局;6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
具体来讲主要有以下几种题型:
具体信息:这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节,就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
语义理解:题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
逻辑推理:这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,才能获得正确答案。
归纳概括:要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断,从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
词意判断:要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力,根据不同的阅读目的和要求,采取不同的阅读方法和策略。
提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。
扫读:是一种快速阅读方法,主要在于对文章信息的精确定位,锁定重要信息,如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
略读:也是一种快速阅读,目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是,略读是跳跃式的,略掉一些东西不读,取出短文中的关键性东西。
细读:细读是完全阅读,目的包括(1)确定中心思想及标题;(2)了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节;(3)对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申;(4)根据上下文推测词义。
扩大视距:要以意群为单位,注重对整句话的理解,扩大注视空间。
带问题阅读:先浏览短文后面的题目,做到心中有数,带着目的去阅读,以提高阅读实效。
根据上下文猜测词意:遇到生词,要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。
二、范例解析引路
例一:
Oneday,adoctorwaslookingovertheeyesightoftheyoungmenwhowerereadytojointhearmy.ByJeff’sturnthedoctorpointedtotheeyechart(图表)onthewallandsaid,“Pleasereadthetopline,youngman.”
“Thetoplineofwhat?”
“Thetoplineofthechart.”
“Whatchart?”
“Theoneonthewall.”
“Where’sthewall?”Jeffasked.Atlastthedoctorthoughttheyoungman’seyesightwastoopoor.Hecouldn’tjointhearmy.
Thateveningthesameyoungmanwasatthecinemawhenanothermancameandsatnexttohim.Whenthefilmwasoverandthelightswenton,theyoungmanfoundthatitwasthedoctorwhosatnexttohim.Atoncehesaidtothedoctor,“Excuseme,madam,butdoesthisbusgototheMuseumStreet?”
Judgethefollowingsentencestrue(T)orfalse(F).
1.Theyoungmanhopedtobeasoldier.
2.Atfirstthedoctorbelievedwhattheyoungmanhadsaid.
3.Theyoungman’seyesightwasreallyweak.
答案
1—3FTF
解析
本题属于阅读理解正误判断题。从文章的选材来看,是一篇故事性的短文。内容大意是描写一个叫Jeff的年青人,他不想去服兵役,在体检时假装自己的视力不好而去欺骗医生。医生相信了他,因此他不能去参军。而晚上在电影院时,Jeff碰巧又遇到了医生。Jeff非常聪明,又用一句谎言而蒙混过关。此阅读材料共设三道小题:
第一小题题干的意思是说这个年青人想当兵。文章中没有一句话直接告诉考生这句话的答案是不对的,但从整个短文的意思来看,他是不喜欢参军的,否则他也不能假装视力不好。这道题属于推理判断题。
第二道小题,题干的意思是说医生开始的时候相信了年青人的话。这道题属于语义理解性题目,在短文中第六段中“Atlastthedoctorthoughttheyoungman’seyesightwastoopoor.”这句话中可以看出答案是正确的。
第三道小题意思是说这个年青人的视力真的不好。这道题的设题上属于逻辑推理性题目,因为从文章的最后一段可知,他视力如果不好,就不可能去看电影,也不可能认出医生来。本道题是阅读理解中的第一篇,故事情节幽默,句子简单易懂。难度不大,旨在缓和考生面对中考时的紧张情绪。考生在答题中先读懂短文,理解短文的大意和脉络,然后依据短文内容对试题后给出的句子进行是非判断。同进,对每一道题进行判断时,应从文章的具体段落和句子中找到判断的依据,不能凭印象想当然。对有些似是而非的句子,一定要认真识别,只有完全符合文章意思的方可判定为正确。
例二:
Peopleallovertheworldeatrice.MillionsofpeopleinAsia,Africa,andSouthAmericaliveonit.Somepeopleeatalmostnothingbutrice.Riceisakindofgrass.Therearemorethan7,000kindsofrice.Mostkindsarewaterplants.Farmersgrowriceinmanycountries,eveninthesouthoftheUnitedStatesandineasternAustralia.
Chinaistheworld’slargestrice-growingcountry.In2003,Chinagrew166milliontonsofrice.Butitisnoteasytofeedtheworld’slargestpopulation.Inthe1960s,thousandsofChinesediedbecausetheydidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.Inthe1970s,YuanLongping,aChinesescientist,grewakindofricecalledhybrid(杂交)rice.Itmakes20%morericethananyotherkind.Hybridriceisastrongerplant,unlikeordinaryrice.Itcangrowinlotsofwaterorinnotmuchwater.Itdoesn’teasilygetdiseasesorworms.
Today,halfofChina’sriceplantsareYuan’sspecialhybridrice.ChinausesYuan’shybridricetogrowmuchmorericethanbefore.YuanisknownastheFatherofHybridRice.HewontheWorldFoodPrizeforhisworktohelpfeedsomanypeople.
ChoosethebestchoicefromABCorDaccordingtothepassageabove.
1.Riceisgrown______intheworld.
A.inlotsofcountriesB.forhumansandanimals
C.onlyonwetlandD.byChinesefarmers
2.China_____intheworld.
A.offersthebestricetopeopleB.harveststhemostrice
C.hasthelargestfarmlandD.isshortofrice
3.YuanLongping’shybridrice______.
A.getssickmoreoftenB.isordinaryrice
C.cangrowwithoutwaterD.canmakemorericethantheothers
4.TheChinesescientist,YuanLongping,isfamousfor______.
A.theFatherofRiceB.hisricetofeedallChinese
C.hishybridriceD.growingdifferentkindsofrice
答案
1—4ABDC
解析
本题属于阅读理解选择题,是中考阅读理解最常见的题型。本文是一篇科普性的文章,通过介绍我国科学家袁隆平及他所培育的杂交水稻,以及他在自己平凡的工作岗位上为国家做出的杰出贡献,向学生渗透热爱科学的理念,培养学生脚踏实地,认真做事、做学问的求实精神。
第一道小题的设题属于语义理解性题目,在世界的什么地方可以种植水稻,从文章中的第一段中“Farmersgrowriceinmanycountries”,只有答案A中用的“lotsof”这个词,many与lotsof是同义词,因此从这句话可以选出答案A是正确的。
第二道小题也属于语义理解性题目,从第二段的第一句话“Chinaistheworld’slargestrice-growingcountry.”可以推断出答案B是正确的。
第三道小题属于直接理解性题目,从第二段中的“Itmakes20%morericethananyotherkind.”可以选出答案D是正确的。
第四道小题属于归纳概括性题目,需认真阅读全文,仔细推敲每个答案:答案A具有片面性,文章中说他是theFatherofHybridRice而不是theFatherofRice;答案B的题干是hisricetofeedallChinese,而在文章中说halfofChina’sriceplantsareYuan’sspecialhybridrice,此答案明显是不正确的;答案C是正确的;答案D的题干是growingdifferentkindsofrice,而从文章中可以得知YuanLongping只是种植杂交水稻。答题时考生要在正确理解短文内容的基础上,认真看清短文后的题目内容和要求,然后根据短文内容,运用分析、排除等方法选择正确答案。对短文中没有直接说明又无法从短文所提供的材料上明确做出判断的,就要在理解字面意思的基础上进行深入分析、推理,或联想短文材料以外的常识加以考虑,从而推断出正确答案。
例三:
Ourschoolisalwaysaskingstudentstotakepartinschoolactivities(活动)andevents.What’sbeengoingoninourschool?
EveryweekthereisaFilmNightofpopularChineseandEnglishfilms.Afterthefilms,there’rediscussionsgroupswheretheaudiencecansharetheirideasandaskquestionsaboutthefilms.Everytwoweeks,onWednesdaythereisaCookingNight.StudentscomeandcookdeliciousChinesedishes.ThefirstThursdayofeachmonthisaFunNight.Studentscometoplaycomputergamesortosingkaraoke.Therearekaraokecompetitions.Soyoungpeoplecancomeandshowofftheirsinging.
TherearealsoafewshortclassesonsubjectssuchasChinesehandwritingandthehistoryofChina.Theseareopentothewholecity.
EveryyearwehaveaspecialactivitywiththenameChinaNight.Itisourmostexcitingandbiggestactivityoftheyear.TherearetraditionalandmodernChinesesinging,dancingandacting.Whatagreatnightitis!
Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassageyouread.
1.Howoftencanthestudentsseefilmseverymonth?
2.WhocangotoChinesehandwritingclass?
3.HowmanytimesamonthdothestudentscookChinesefood?
4.Whatactivitiesdoestheschoolhave?
答案
1.Theycanseefilmsfourtimesamonth./Fourtimes.
2.Allthepeople.
3.Twice./ThestudentscookChinesefoodtwiceamonth.
4.FilmNight,CookingNight,FunNightandChinaNight.
解析
本题属于阅读理解回答问题题。文章的题材是考生熟悉的校园生活的短文,是有关学生的课外活动,共涉及了四个活动的名称,介绍了活动相关的时间、内容和参加人员等等。第一道小题,问的是每个月学生们多长时间看一次电影,属于考查细节。从文章中的第二段中的第一句话“EveryweekthereisaFilmNightofpopularChineseandEnglishfilms.”可以看出是每周看一次电影,而一个月通常是四周,因此答案应是Fourtimes。
第二道小题,问的是谁能参加中国书法课?属于语义理解性题目,通过对文章中的第三段的“Theseareopentothewholecity.”这句话的理解,可以知道此小题目的答案应是Allthepeople。
第三道小题,问的是学生一个月做几次中国食品。此题的设题同第一小题是相同的,也属于考查细节性题目。从第二段中的“Everytwoweeks”中可以知道每两周一次,那么一个月就应该是两次,因此正确答案应是Twice。
第四道小题,问题是学校有哪些活动?此题属于归纳概括性题目,需在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳,共有四个,分别是FilmNight,CookingNight,FunNightandChinaNight。考生在答此类试题时,首先弄清楚问的是什么信息(what,when,where,why,how等);然后再根据对文章的理解和把握组织自己的语言,写出正确答案。可以用完整的回答方式,如(Theycanseefilmsfourtimesamonth.),也可用简短的回答方式,如(Fourtimes.)。此道题考查了学生的综合概括能力和处理信息的能力。
例四:
Fillineachblankaccordingtowhatyouread,onlyonewordforeachblank.
1.Theweatherreportsaysitwillbe______ineastcoasts.Ifyougothere,you’dbettertakean______withyou.
2.Thefootballmatchwillbe______inJinzhouStadiumon______.
3.Youcan’tborrow______fivebookseachtimeandyoushould______forwatchingvideos.
4.Adultscan’tgotothemusicfestivalforyoung____________.
答案
1.rainy,umbrella2.held,Sunday
3.over,pay4.listeners,alone/themselves
解析
本题属于阅读理解填空题。所选文章的体裁是实用文体,有图表、广告、海报等形式,图文并茂,所涉及的内容有球赛、天气预报、音乐会和图书馆书目、音像简介等,具有时代感强、实用性强、可读性强的特点,贴近学生的日常生活。
第一道小题设题是有关天气的,第一个空问的是在ineastcoasts的天气是什么样的?属于考查细节性题目,从文章中的“Eastcoastswillhaverain.”此句话中可以得知,应是下雨的天气,而设题是“itwillbe______”,应用形容词来形容天气,因此可以得知答案应是rainy;第二空设题属于逻辑推理性题目,you’dbettertakean______withyou.在文章中不能直接找到此题的答案,但是根据对文章意思的理解和推断,下雨就应该带伞了,因此答案应是umbrella。
第二道小题是有关足球比赛的,第一空是考查学生对题干的理解,Thefootballmatchwillbe______inJinzhouStadium,根据句意应填“举行”这一词,答案为held;而第二空on______,此空明显是填相关日期的,属于直接理解性题目,从文章来看,可以填日期,也可填星期,但题目要求只能填一词,因此只能填星期Sunday。
第三道小题是有关图书馆书目的,第一空问的是每次借书的数量,属于语义理解性题目,从文章中borrowfivebooksatmostatonetime这句话中可以得知每次最多是借五本,而设题Youcan’tborrow______fivebookseachtime,当然是不能超过五本了,“超过”这一词应是over。第二空问的是看录像应该怎么样,从文章中的最后一句keepavideoforaweekfor1dollar和设题youshould______forwatchingvideos可以得知是应该付费的,与for搭配的动词是pay。
第四小题是有关音乐节的,设题是Adultscan’tgotothemusicfestivalforyoung____________.从文中“MUSICFORYOUNGLISTENERS”和“Eachadultmustcomewithachild.”这两句话中可以得知,年青人必须和父母一起来,因此答案第一空应为listeners,第二空应为alone/themselves,属于考查细节性题目。考生在解此类题时先认真阅读所给的短文、图表或广告,掌握其内容后,再细读所给待补全的句子。解题时,可带着问题到原文中去寻找答案,寻读原文中与之相关的句子。先确定空格处所填词的词义,然后再判定其词形。解这类题时,应注意信息转换,同义句改写等。
三、实践评估自测
SectionOne
ChoosethebesttopicfromAtoFaccordingtothemeaningofthepassage.
(1)
1.A60year-oldBeijingwomanwasarrestedwhilestealingclothesatasupermarketlastweek.Whenthepolicemensearchedherhome,theyfoundthatshehadstolenanumberofgoodsrangingfromsockstodresses,withatotalvalueofaround50,000yuan(US$6,170).Herhusbandsaidthatsheis"probably"akleptomaniac.
2.OnDecember26Tilly,aBritishschoolgirlfeltsomethingwaswrongwhileonthebeachwithherfamily.HermindkeptgoingbacktothegeographylessonjusttwoweeksbeforesheflewtoThailandwithherfamily.
“Irecognizedwhatwashappeningandhadafeelingtherewasgoingtobeatsunami.Itoldmummy,”Tillyremembered.
QuickactionbyTilly’smotherandThaihotelstaffmeantthebeachwasquicklycleared,justminutesbeforeahugewavecrashed(冲撞).ThebeachwasoneofthefewontheislandofPhuketwherenoonewaskilled.
3.Beijing’sgovernmentstepsupsafetyatallschoolsandkindergartensinwhichsomechildrenhavebeenhurtandevenkilled.AsroadaccidentsarelistedastheNo1killer,somethingmustbedonetoensurecampus(校园)safetyinthecity.
4.Aspecialpotted(盆栽的)flowerandpottedplantsmarkethasrecentlyopenedtothepublicintheYuquanyingareaofBeijing.Theplantsandflowersdisplayedatthemarketarebelievedtoplayamajorroleinremovingtheso-called“indoorpolution.”
5.Toguardagainstcriminals(罪犯)whousethefakeIDcardstoengage(从事)inillegaltransactions(非法交易),theJSCIKoreaCompany’sBeijingBranchhasrecentlydevelopedanewscanning(扫描)andidentificationsystem(识别系统).Withthehelpofthenewgadget,aperson’snamecard,facialfeaturesandfingerprintcanbeidentifiedinashorttime.
A.Hardstudysaveslives
B.Keepingthingsreal
C.Howtolearnwell
D.Childsafety
E.Long-timethief
F.Magicplants
(2)
1.AgroupofpenguinsatazooinJapantakeawalktoloseweight.Everyday,15kingpenguinstherewalk500metrestwice."Justlikehumans,penguinsdontexercisemuchduringwinter.Theybecomefateasily,"saysazookeeper.
2.ExperiencedfemalecollegegraduatewithamajorinEnglishofferstemporaryandlong-termtranslationserviceandwouldalsoliketoteachChinesetoforeignersatareasonableandaffordableprice.
Email:[emailprotected]
3.WendyandPeterwenttobedearlylastnightsothattheywouldhaveplentyofrest.Thenextmorning,theirmomtookthemtotheairport.
Nowtheyareattheairport.“Howwilloursuitcases(小提箱)gettoLondon?”Peterasks.Momsays,“Theyputthemintothebottomoftheplane.Theyflywithyou.”
Theflightattendant(飞机乘务员)showsthemtotheirseats.Wendyhasawindowseat,andPeteristohim.Bothofthemputontheirseatbelts.Theflightattendantshowsthemwhattodoifthereisanemergency(紧急情况).Thenitistimetotakeoff.
4.Inthe1960s,somecountriescaredalotaboutthemoon.Theyhadadream:tobethefirstcountrytoputamanonthemoon.AmericanandRussiawerepartofthis“spacerace.”Theyspentalotoftimeandmoneyonit.ThefirstmaninspacewasYuriGagarin,aRussian.Thatwasin1961.Yearslater,in1969,anAmericanspaceshipflewtothemoon.NeilArmstrongwalkedout.Hewasthefirstmanonthemoon.
5.Ineedanassistant(maleorfemale)whosupportsmeinawiderangeoffields,likeeconomictopics,business-andlaborlaw,translation,thepersonshouldknowhowtodealwithpublicauthoritiesandofcourseheorsheisgoodatbothEnglishandChinese.
A.AssistantWanted
B.RacetotheMoon
C.Jobwanted
D.TheFirstManontheMoon
E.FirstPlaneTrip
F.It’sGoodtoWalk
(3)
1.Beijingistoprovidethehomelesswithfood,warmclothesandsheltertohelpthemsurvivethewinter,accordingtothecitysrescueadministration.Allthe19rescuecentresinthecityareopentothehomeless,providingshelterandothernecessities.Foodandclotheswillalsobehandedouttothosewhoarereluctanttocometotherescuecentres.
2.Beijingexpectstoclosedown83coalminesinitsyear-endcoalminesafetyrectificationdrive,accordingtotheBeijingMineSafetySupervisionBureau.Thecitywillalsosetupacoalminesafetysystemwhichwilldemandcoalminedirectorsandmanagersgodownshaftsinshiftstoensuresafeproductionandreducethechancesofaccidents.Thenewregulationwillbeissuednextyear.Violatorswillbefined30,000yuan(US$3,750)to150,000yuan(US$1,875).
3.Chinasfirston-linemusicalclassroomwaslaunchedinBeijingwithLuSiqing,awell-knownChineseviolinist,givingthefirstlesson.Lu,nicknamedthe"PaganinioftheEast,"willgivelessonsandexchangeideaswithhisfansinhis"personalon-lineconcerthall."Thewebsite,whichcanbefoundat,willprovidelessons,teachingresourcesandgivemusiciansaopportunitytobeheard.Luwillalsosharesomeofhisunreleasedworks.
4.Beijinghasrecentlyseentheemergenceofthefirstgroupofelectronicbusstopsignswhichprovideawealthofusefulinformationincludingnewsupdatesandweatherforecasts.Moreimportantlythesignscanshowhowlongpeoplehavetowaitforthenextbus.ThefirstbatchisbeinginstalledalongChanganAvenueandothermainroads.
5.ItwasherfirsttimeinBeijing,andthewarmhearteddoctorsandnurses,allmadeHanMeiyanverywelcome,puttingabigsmileonherface.
Hanisjustoneofthe20childrenwhocamefromtheimpoverishedareasinQinghaiProvincetoreceivemedicaltreatmentatthePlasticSurgeryHospitalinBeijing.
A.SmartbusstopsB.Nettunetutoring
C.Awell-knownChineseviolinistD.Homelesshelp
E.GetdownthereF.Fortomorrowssmile
(4)
1.Manypeoplelikeanimalsandtakethemastheirpets.Nowadayspethospitalsareverybusy.Kindpersonswholoveanimalsareneededtoworkinbusyanimalhospitals.
2.Scientiststhinkthatpetswillprobablybemuchsmallerbecausepeopleinthefuturewillbelivinginmuchsmallerspaces.Scientistsarealreadyworkingonmakingverysmallfarmanimals.Thesamethingsmightbedonetomakesmallercatsanddogs.
3.It’ssaidthatsomedayyoumightownapantherasapet.Scientistsmighthavetostartturningwildanimalsintopets.Thismightbetheonlywaytosavethemfromdyingout.
4.Whataboutarobotforapet?Thismaysoundsilly,butitcouldbecometrue.Robotdogshavebeenmadetobarklikerealdogs.These“pets”mightbecomemoreandmorepopularinthefuture.Afterall,robotsdon’tlosehairorchewonthingsthewayrealpetsdo.
5.Lotsofpeoplemisstheirpetswhiletheyareonholiday.OnehotelinMinnesotahassolvedthisproblem.Theylendcatstotheirguests.Manyexpertsbelievethisideawillbecomemoreandmorepopular.Itisverypossiblethatinthefutureyouwillbeabletoorderapet,aswellasroomservice,atahotel.
A.Pethotels
B.Smallerpets
C.Arobotdoctor
D.Robotsforpets
E.Apantherforapet
F.Assistantneededinpethospitals
(5)
1.Smallchildrendon’tunderstandthathotwaterandhotdrinkscanbedangerous.Weoftenforgetthedangersourselves.Yetitonlytakesacupofhotteaorcoffeeorabaththat’stoohottoscaldachildbadly.Asevere(严重的)scaldcanmeanalongstayinhospital,andareallyseverescaldcankill.
2.Childrenofallagesfallandhurtthemselvesfromtimetotime.Luckilymostfallsaren’tserious,butsomecancausesevereinjuries,suchasheadinjuries.
Forbabies,thedangerisrollingofftheedgeofsomethinglikeabed,chair,tableorkitchenworktop.
Toddlers(初学走路的孩子)soonlearntoclimbandexplore.Tothem,climbingonfurniture(家具)doesn’tseemdangerous.It’sjustfun.Butitisveryeasyforatoddlertofalloffapieceoffurniture,ordownthestairs,orevenoutofawindoworoffabalcony.
Witholderchildren,adventure(冒险)accidentsareaproblem.Climbingtrees,highwalls,orfencescanbedangerous.
3.Everyyearchildrendieinhousefiresandmanymorearebadlyburnt.Acigarette,forexample,caneasilystartafire.Andmanyfiresarestartedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.
Butofcourseit’snotonlyfiresthatcauseburns.Therearethingsineveryhomethatcanburnachildbadly-ahotiron(熨斗),forexample,oranelectricfire.
4.Childrenloveplayingwithwater.Whetherit’sinthebathatbedtimeorinthegardenpondorinthesea,waterisfun.Butitisalsodangerous.Ababyortoddlercandrownineveryshallowwater-farlessthanyouputinthebath.
5.Glasscausesthemostseriouscuts.Fewpeoplerealizejusthowseriousglasscutsare.Yeteveryyearabout7,000childrenendupinhospitalbecauseofaccidentswithglass.Thesearenotonlyaccidentswiththingslikebrokenbottles.Moreoftenthechildrenhavefallenthroughaglassdoororwindowandarebadlyhurt.
A.Burns
B.Fires
C.Scalds
D.Drowning
E.Falls
F.Cuts
SectionTwo
(1)
Tom,an11-year-oldboy,wasill.Hehadgotacough.Hismotherwasworriedandtookhimtoseeadoctor.ThedoctorlookedoverTomcarefullyandsaid,“Tom,nothingserious.”Thenhegavehimsomemedicine.Thesearethewordsontheinstructionofthecoughmedicine.
Instruction
Takethreetimesadayaftermeals
Dose(剂量):Grown-ups:2spoonseachtime
Children:8-l4yrs.onespoon,4-7yrs.1/2spoon
Notfitforchildrenbelowtheageof4years
Notes:1.Storeinacoldplace.2.UsingbeforeOct.2004-2-23
TelFax:021-56317708
E-mail:
Add:No.10NanjingRoad,Shanghai
1.Tomshouldtakethreespoonsinaday.
2.Tomhadbetterhavehismealsbeforehetakesthemedicine.
3.Themedicinecanbekeptinafridge.
4.Childrenagedfivecan’ttakethismedicine.
5.FromthisinstructionweknowTomcangoonusingtheleftmedicineafterOct.2004.
(2)
Inventionsarriveeveryday.Whenpeopleinventgreatnewthings,wegetideasaboutthefuture.
Whatwillthefuturebelike?It’spossiblethatwemayoftenflyupintospace!Outofallthecoolestinventionsoftheyear,SpaceShipOneisthoughttobethebest.
SpaceShipOneisa6-metre-longwhitespaceship.OnJune21,2004,AmericanpilotMikeMclvilleflewittospaceandback-about100kilomtresupintothesky.
Somemightsayit’snotabigdeal.Youknow,peoplewenttothemoonyearsago.
Well,SpaceShipOneisspecialbecauseitisthefirstspaceshipthatwasn’tmadebythegovernment(政府).Itwasbuiltandsentupbyaprivate(私人的)UScompany.
Lotsofpeoplewenttotravelinspace.Butit’stooexpensive.Americanmillionaire(百万富翁)DennisTitopaidalmostUS$20milliontobecomethefirstspacetouristtovisittheInternationalSpaceStationin2001.
Soprivatecompaniesbegantothinkofmakingtheirownspaceshiptotakeothertouristsupintospace.
ThesuccessofSpaceShipOneisagoodstart.
“Theflightopensanewpageinhistory,puttingspacewithinthereachofordinarypeople,”saidPattiSmith,anofficialatUSFederalAviationAdministration(联邦航空管理局).
Inthenext10to15years,ifyoupay$20,000to$100,000youcouldflyhighabovetheearth.
Whatabouthavingyourownspaceshipinyourgarage(车库)andtakingittospaceattheweekend.
1.Ofallthecoolestinventionsfromwhichpeoplecangetideasaboutthefutureoftheyear,SpaceShipOnewaschosenasthebestone.
2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatonlyfewpeoplehavetherighttobuildthespaceship.
3.IfyouwanttoflytotheInternationalSpaceStation,you’dbetterkeephealthyandeatmorefood.
4.Peoplewouldknowthingswellaboutthespacesince1960.
5.ThesuccessfulflightofSpaceShipOneopensanewpageinhistory,becauseitputsspaceneartotheordinarypeople.
(3)
Departmentstores(百货商店)intheUnitedStatesareverylarge.Theyarecalleddepartmentstoresbecausetheyhavemanydifferentdepartments.Forexample,youcanbuydresses,blousesandskirtsintheWomen’sClothingdepartment.Youcanbuysuits,shirtsandtiesinMen’sClothingdepartment.ParentscanbuyclothingfortheirchildrenintheChildren’sClothingDepartment.Andshoes,boots,andsneakers(运动鞋)areintheShoeDepartment.
MostdepartmentstoreshaveTVsandradiosintheirHomeEntertainmentDepartments.SomestoresalsohaveAppliance(器具)Departments.Youcanbuyrefrigerators,stoves,dishwashers,andotherappliancesthere.
Doyouwanttoreadabook?GototheBookDepartment!Doyouwanttobuyapairofearrings(耳环)oranecklace?GotoJewelryDepartment!Doyouwanttobuysomespecialchocolate?GototheGourmetFoodDepartment(美食店)!
Therearealotofotherreasonswhypeopleshopindepartmentstores.Youcanbuythingsatspeciallowpriceswhendepartmentstoreshavesales.Sometimesstoresevenhavehalf-pricesales!
Youcanalsoreturnthingsatdepartmentstores.Takeyourreceipt(收据)totheCustomerServiceDepartment,andyoucanexchangetheitem(项目)orgetbackthemoney.Insomestores,youcaneveneatlunchordinnerinarestaurant.
Departmentstoresaregreatplacestoshopbecausepeoplecangetalmosteverythingtheywantinoneplace.
1.YoucanbuysneakerseitherintheWomen’sClothingdepartmentorintheMen’sClothing
department.
2.Mostdepartmentstoresselltelevisionsets.
3.Ifyouwanttobuyanair-conditioner(空调),youshouldgototheJewelryDepartment.
4.Youcansavemoneywhenthestorehasasale.
5.Ifyouwanttoreturnsomething,youcanbeservedagoodmeal.
(4)
ManyAmericanfamilieslivebusylives.Everyweek,thechildrenhavesports,musiclessons,clubmeetings,andmanyotheractivities,including(包括)hoursofhomework.Theparentsarebusy,too.Theywork,takecareoftheirhomes,cookmeals,anddrivetheirchildrentoactivities.Somefamiliesdonothavetimetoeatmealstogethermorethanonceaweek.OneAmericancommunity(社区)decidedthatitwastimetotakeabreak.
Aftersevenmonthsofplanning,thecommunityofRidgewood,NewJersey,tookonenightoff.Theycalledit“FamilyNight”,anightforfamiliestospendtimetogether.Sportsteamsstoppedtheirpractices,andteachersdidnotgivehomework.
OnFamilyNight,familiesagreedtoturnofftheirtelevisions.Theyalsodecidednottoanswerthetelephone.Answeringmachinessaid,“Pleasecallbacktomorrow.”Manyfamiliesorderedtake-outpizzaandothertake-outfoodsothattheywouldn’tspendtimecooking.
Popularactivitiesincludedboardgamesandcardgames.Thesegamesgavefamiliesachancetospendtimetogether.Childrenandparentsweren’tsobusy,andchildrendidn’tspendsomuchtimeplayingvideogamesandwatchingtelevision.OnFamilyNight,familiesrelaxedandspenttheeveningtogether.Thetownhopestohavemanymore“FamilyNights”.
1.ManyAmericanfamiliesaretoobusy.
2.Childrenhavemanyotheractivitiesbesideshomework.
3.IttookonenightforRidgewoodtoplanthespecial“FamilyNight”.
4.Parentscookedabigdinnerforthewholefamilyon“FamilyNight”.
5.More“FamilyNights”areexpectedbythepeopleinthetown.
(5)
TheRedCrosshelpsthechildrenofdifferentcountriesknoweachotherbetter.ChildreninschoolsallovertheworldhavetheirownRedCrossgroups.Thesechildrenwritelettersandsendpresentsandpicturestooneanother.TheAmericanRedCrossalsogiveshelpandadvicetotheRedCrosssocietiesofothercountries.ThroughtheseactivitiestheRedCrosshopestobringaboutamorefriendly,morepeacefulworld.
1.ThechildrenofdifferentcountriescanknoweachotherbetterbecausetheRedCrosshelpsthemtodoso.
2.TheRedCrossdoesnthavemanymembersinschoolsinAsia.
3.ThechildrenintheRedCrossgroupswritelettersandsendpresentsandpicturestoeach爋therbecausetheyjustwanttoknoweachother.
4.WhattheRedCrossdoesistohopethatthepeopleallovertheworldwillliveinpeace.
5.TheRedCrossisdoingsomethinggoodforthefriendshipofthepeople.
(6)
CountrymusicisoneofthemostpopularkindsofmusicintheUnitedStatestodaybecauseitisaboutsimplebutstronghumanfeelingsandevents-love,sadness,goodtimesandbadtimes.Ittellsreal-lifestoriesandsoundsinthewaypeoplereallytalk.Aslifebecomeshardforus,itisgoodtohearmusicaboutordinarypeople.
Countrymusic,sometimescalledcountry-westernmusic,comesfromtwokindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicofthepeopleintheAppalachianMountainsintheeasternUnitedStates.Theotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromthewest.Thesingersusuallyplaytheguitars,andinthe1920stheystartedusingelectricguitars.
Atfirstcitypeoplesaidcountrymusicwaslowclass.ItwaspopularmostlyintheSouth.ButduringWorldWarII,thousandsofSouthernerswenttotheNortheastandMidwesttoworkinthefactories.Theytooktheirmusicwiththem.SoldiersfromtherestofthecountrywenttoarmycampsintheSouth.Theylearnedcountrymusic.Slowlyitbecamepopularalloverthecountry.
TodaycountrymusicisalsopopulareverywhereintheUnitedStatesandCanada,insmalltownsandamongtownsandinNewYorkCity,amongblackandwhite,andamongeducatedanduneducatedpeople.About1200radiostationsbroadcastcountrymusictwenty-fourhoursaday.EnglishstarssingitinBritishEnglish,andpeopleinothercountriessingitintheirownlanguages.ThemusicthatstartedwithcowboysandpoorSouthernersisnowpopularallovertheworld.
1.Peoplelikecountrymusicbecauseitisabouthumanfeelingsandevents.
2.CountrymusiccomesfromtheNortheastandMidwestofAmerica.
3.Citypeoplethoughtcountrymusicwaslowclassbecauseitwassungbycowboysandpoorsoutherners.
4.CountrymusicbecamepopularduringWorldWarII.
5.TodaycountrymusicissungbystarsallinEnglish.
(7)
FormostAmericans,lifewithoutacarishardtoimagine.However,societyhasrealizedtheseriousairpollutionproblemcausedbycars.Thepollutedairbecomespoisonous(有毒的)toourhealth.
Onewaytogetridof(摆脱)thepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.That’swhatseverallargecompanieshavebeentryingtodo.Buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone.Progressisthisfieldhasbeenslow.
Anotherwayistoreplacethecarengine(发动机)withsomething.Nowinventorsareworkingonsteam(蒸汽)carsaswellaselectriccars.Manycarmakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopausefulmodelthatpleasespeople.
Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,wemakesomechangesinthewaywelive.Americans,forexample,havetoreduce(减少)thenumberoftheirtotalcars.Theyshouldbeencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbybicycle.
Butthischangedoesnotcomeeasily.Alargenumberofworkersmightfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryisclosed.Thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment(失业).
Althoughcarshaveled(引导)ustobetterlives,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.
1.AcarisveryimportantformostAmericans.
2.Buildingacleancarisnotdifficult.
3.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistoreplacethecarengine.
4.Thewriterthinksthattheproblemofairpollutionismoreimportantthatthatofunemployment.
(8)
Manyyearsago,therewasaman.Hehadacatandloveditverymuch.HedecidedtocallitSky.Oneday,afriendsaidtohim,"Letmetellyouthatthereissomethingstrongerthanthesky.Imeantheclouds,fortheycoverthesky.""Youareright."answeredtheman,"AndnowImgoingtogivemycatthename‘Cloud’”.
Twodayslater,anothermanwashavingsupperwithhimathishouse.“WhydoyoucallcatCloud?Thewindblowsawaythecloudwithoutdifficulty.”Sothemanchangeditsnameagain.ItwasthencalledWind.
Butaweekhadnotpassedwhenhisneighbornoticedthisquitebeautifulcat.Hesaid,“Windseemstobetheworstname.Evenawallcanstopthewind.Wallseemstobebetter.”SothecatwascalledWall.Butateachersaidthatawallwasnotstrongerthanamouse.Themanhadtochangethenameagain.Justthenthemanssoncamein.“Mouse!”heshouted.“Whatafoolishname!Iknowsomethingmuchstrongerthanamouse.Everyoneknowsthatacatcatchesthemouseandeatsit.Acatisstrongerthanamouse,”saidtheboy.Thistimethemansawhismistake.HechangeditsnamebacktoCatagain.
1.Themannamedhiscat“Sky”becausehelikeditverymuch.
2.OnedayhechangedthenameSkybecausehewastoldthattheskywashigherthanthecloud.
3.Heturnedthenameto“Cloud”becausehefoundthatthecloudwouldbeblownawaybythewind.
4.Hisneighborconsidered"Wind"theworstnamebecauseevenawallcouldstopit.
5.Finallythemancalledhiscat“cat”becausehethoughtawallnotstrongerthanmouse.
(9)
Doyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouaretryingtowork?Orwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?
Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrolofyourfeelingsandstopgettingangrysoeasily.Gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutolosefriends.
GaryEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswritten“MyFeelingsJustLikeWildAnimals”tohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings.Ittellsteenshowtostaycoolwhenbadthingshappentothem.
Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsworse.Itcannevermakethembetter.
Gettingangryisnotanaturalwaytoact,thebooksays.Itisjustabadhabit,likesmoking.
Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyouranger(怒气)easily-allyouhavetodoistellyourselfnottobeangry.
Whenababyfallsover,itonlycriesifpeoplearewatchingit.
Likeababy,youshouldonlygetangryifyouaresureitistherightthingtodo.
Thebookgivesmanytips(提示)tohelpyouifyougetangryeasily.Hereareourtopthree:
1.Keeparecord.Everytimeyougetangrywritedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrytooeasily.
2.Askyourfriendstostoptalkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Thiswillteachyounottobeangry.
3.Dosomethingdifferent.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh!
1.Gettingangrywithpeoplecancauseyoutolosefriends.
2.Thebook“MyFeelingsJustLikeWildAnimals”canhelpyoumakemorefriends.
3.Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyourangereasilybytellingyourselfnottobeangry.
4.Ifyoufallover,youshouldgetangry.
5.Keepingarecordcanhelpyoulearnfromyourpastexperienceandcontrolyouranger.
(10)
Thesetwolettersappearedinanewspaper.Bothwritershavetheirownideasonzoos.
ZoosDoaGoodJob
Itisgoodtokeepanimalsinzoos.Iknowalotpeoplethinkitiswrongtokeepanimalsinzoos.However,Ibelievethatzooshavemanygoodpoints.
Firstly,zoosareplacesforpeopletoseemanydifferentkindsofanimalsfromallovertheworld.Withoutzoos,mostpeoplewouldneverseearealbearortiger.
Secondly,zooslookaftertheanimalsverywell.Theanimalsarealwaysgivenfoodandcleanedregularly(定期).Inthewild(荒野),itisnotalwayspossibleforananimaltofindfood,sosometimesitgoeshungry.Butanimalskeptinzoosnevergohungry.
Thirdly,zoosprotecttheanimalstheylookafter.Theyofferthemsafeplacestolivein.Inthewild,somekindsofanimalsareindangerofbecomingextinct(灭绝).Butzoosgivetheseanimalsachancetolive.Withoutzoos,therewouldbefewerkindsofanimalsintheworld.
MariaSmith
ZoosAreUnnatural
InMaria’sletter,shesaysthatzoosaregoodforanimals.Iamafraidthatzoosarenotgoodforanimals,andtheyareonlygoodforpeople.
Itisunnatural(非自然的)andunfair(不公平的)tokeepwildanimalsincagesthataretoosmallforthem.Inthewild,theseanimalswouldtravelfreely.Inzoos,theycan’tdothis.Thisiswhythebearsandtigerslooksosad.
Mostcagesarenotverycleaneither.Itistruethatzoosgivetheanimalsfoodregularly,butthisisnotnatural.Wildanimalsareusedtolookingfortheirownfood.Weshouldtreat(对待)animalsinthesamewaythatwetreatotherpeople-withrespect(尊重).
Wouldanyonebehappyifyoudon’tlethimgooutsidehishome?WouldMarialiketohavelotsofpeoplestandingoutsideherhouselookingather?No,shewouldn’t.Anyanimalsdon’tlikeiteither.
PhilipBlack
1.MariaandPhiliphavequitedifferentideasonkeepinganimalsinzoos.
2.InMaria’sopinion(观点),arealbearortigercanonlybeseeninzoos.
3.Mariathinksthatanimalslivebetterinzoosthaninthewild.
4.AccordingtoPhilip,ifcagesarebigandcleanenough,tigersandbearswilllookhappy.
5.MariaandPhiliparediscussinghowtomakeanimalsinzooshappy.
SectionThree
ChoosethebestchoicefromABCorDaccordingtoeachpassage.
(1)
Formanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer.Nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnew-hotcities!InthesouthernUS,theyhavefoundthatcitiesbecomeveryhotinsummer.Forexample,thecityofAtlantainGeorgiahasrooftoptemperaturesofupto50degreeswhileitis27degreesinthestreets!Atnight,theoutsidesofthebuildingstaysohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormoverthecity.
Chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems.Everyyearmorefarminglandisusedforfactoriesoroffices.Morehousingisneeded,too.Aspeoplebecomericher,theybuymorecars.Nowroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters.Thisallmakesthecityhotter.
Itisnoteasytochangethesituation.Cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities.Everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides,theysay.Treesmakethetemperatureslower,soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares.Alsoweshouldpaintourroofswhite.Ifwedothis,theydonotbecomesohot.Everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels.Theelectricityfromthesecanbeusedtoruntheairconditionersinthebuilding.
Peoplecontinuetocutdownforestsaroundthecities.Thismakestheproblemworse.Citiesaregrowingfasterandfaster.Bytheyear2025,80%oftheworld’spopulationwillbelivingincities.Ifwegoonlikethis,therewillnotbeenoughfarmlandtofeedeveryoneintheworld.
1.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_______.
A.TheearthisgettingwarmerB.Morelandisneeded
C.CitiesarewarmerinwinterD.Scientistsareworriedaboutstorms
2.Whathavescientistsfound?
A.AtlantaisthehottesttownintheUSA.B.Buildingsbecomeveryhotinthesun.
C.Itisnotashotontheroofasinthestreet.D.Therearenotasmanystormsasbefore.
3.Whatcanwedotomakethecitiescooler?
A.MakemoreParks.B.Useairconditionersmore.
C.Painttheroofsofallthewhitebuildings.D.Plantmoretrees.
4.Whatmayhappeninfuture?
A.Mostpeoplewillmovetothevillages.B.Peoplewillplantmoretreesoutsidethecities.
C.Wewillnothaveenoughfood.D.Theproblemwillgetbetter,notworse
(2)
Whenmightyouneedtogiveblood(血)forapersonalitytest?Theansweristhatyouneedtodosowhenyouaskforajob.
Somepeoplebelievethatyourbloodgrouphides(隐藏)nosecrets.Itshowsthe“realyou”.Andtheownersofcertainbloodgroupsmightbeparticularlygoodorbadatcertaintasks(任务).Thisistheveryreasonsofwhyyoucouldbeaskedtoofferyourbloodgroupbeforebeinggivenajob.
ThenewideawascarriedoutfirstinJapanandnowithasbeenbroughtovertootherpartsoftheworld.OneimportantbusinesscompanyinJapanisquitespecialaboutthisneed:“Forourofficemembers,wemusthave30percentofgroupAand15percentofAB,25percentofOand30percentofB”.
Doyouhappentoknowyourownbloodgroup?ItseemsthatifyoubelongtobloodgroupO,youcangetthingsdoneandsellthegoodswell.BloodgroupAarethethinkers,whilebloodgroupBarehighlycreative.Andifyouhaveproblems,asktheABstosolvethem.SoifyouvisitedtheJapanesecompany,youwouldfindtheOtypesoutsellinggoodsandAtypeskeepingorderintheoffice.
1.Accordingtothepassage,__________.
A.fourtypesofthebloodwerediscoveredbyJapan
B.peopleofgoodbloodmightdotheirworkverywell
C.knowyourownbloodgroupandyoucouldgetagoodjob
D.moreandmorecountrieshaveacceptedthenewideaaboutbloodgroups
2.Creativepersons,goodsalesmen,thinkersandproblemsolversarethefourkindsofpersonsneededbytheJapanesecompany.Theproportionmentionedinthepassageis__________respectively.
A.30%,15%,25%and30%B.30%,30%,25%and15%
C.30%,25%,30%and15%D.25%,15%,30%and30%
3.PeoplebelongingtobloodgroupBmightbegoodat__________.
A.sportsandgamesB.smoothingawaydifficulties
C.doingofficeworkD.paintingandwriting
4.Thispassageseemstoleadyoutobelieve____________.
A.yourbloodgroupcouldaffectyourwork
B.bloodtypescanneverchangeyourlife
C.theideaaboutbloodgroupshaslittlescientificbasis
D.personalitytestsareexactlycorrect
5.Thispassageismainlyabout___________.
A.theoriginofbloodgroup
B.theeffectofthebloodgrouponpersonality
C.thesecretsofbloodgroups
D.thenewskillofhiringpeople
(3)
Whenyouwanttocallastoreoranofficethatyoudon’tcalloften,youmaylookthenumberupinatelephonebook.Youdial(拨)thenumber,andthenyouforgetit!Yourshort-term(短期)memorylastabout30seconds.However,youdon’tneedtolookinthetelephonebookforyourbestfriend’snumberbecauseyoualreadyknowit.Thisinformationisinyourlong-termmemory.Yourlong-termmemoryhaseverythingthatyourememberthroughtheyears.
Whydoyouforgetthingssometimes?Thereareseveralreasons.Animportantreasonforforgettingsomethingisthatyoudidn’tlearnitwellinthebeginning.Forexample,youmeetsomenewpeople,andsoonyouforgettheirnames.Youhearthenamesbutyoudon’tlearnthem,soyouforgetthem.
Youcanhelpyourselfrememberbetter.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory.Youcandothisifyoupractisethenewinformationformoretimes.
1.Whydoyouforgetthetelephonenumberthatyoudon’tcalloften?
A.Becausethetelephonenumberistoolong.
B.Becausethetelephonenumberisverystrange.
C.Becauseyoulookitupinthetelephonebook.
D.Becauseyouuseyourshort-termmemorytorememberit.
2.Whichiseasiertoforget?
A.Yourbestfriend’sname.B.Somethingthatyouunderstand.
C.Thenewinformationthatyouhavepractisedalot.
D.Somethingthatyoudidn’tlearnwellinthebeginning.
3.Howlongdoesaperson’sshort-termmemorylast?
A.Abouthalfasecond.B.Abouthalfaminute.
C.Abouthalfanhour.D.Abouthalfaday.
4.What’shelpfulforyoutorememberbetter?
A.Learnsomethingwellintheend.
B.Looksomethingupoften.
C.Useyourshort-termmemorytolearnthings.
D.Moveinformationfromyourshort-termmemorytoyourlong-termmemory.
5.Thewritermainlywantstotellussomeideasonhowto_______.
A.keepsomethinginmindlongB.learnaforeignlanguagewell
C.makeatelephonecallD.rememberaperson’sname
(4)
WhenCharlesStrattonwasfive,hestoppedgrowing.Hismothertookhimtoseethefamousshowman,P.T.Barnum.Mr.Barnumthoughtasmallpersonwouldbetheperfectadditiontohisshow.HehiredCharles’parentsalongwithhim,andtheytraveledtheworldtogether.
Hegavethetwo-foottallCharlesanewname,GeneralTomThumb.HetaughtTomhowtosing,dance,act,andtelljokes.WhenhefeltTomwasreadytoperformonstage,hemadeupads.Tostirupgreatinterest,hesaidthatTomwaselevenyearsoldandhadcomefromEngland.
Duringtheshow,Tomfoughtbattlespretendedlywithtallpeople.Healsodanceduponawoodenplateheldbyapersonwhowaseightfeettall.
Tom’sactwasverypopularandbroughtinalotofmoney.BythetimeTomwasanadult,hehadgrownveryrich.Hehadbecomeabillionaireattheageoftwenty-five.
FortunatelyforTom,Mr.Barnumaddedmorelittlepeopletohisshow,andTombecameluckyinloveaswell.OneofthelittlepeoplewasLaviniaWarren,aschoolteacher.Tomwasabletowinherlove,andtheymarried.
Theceremonyandreceptionwerethetalkofthetown.Theywereattendedbymanyrichandfamouspeopleandbyabouttwothousandguests.CrowdsfilledthestreetsofNewYorktohavealookattheirhoneymoon,justbeforethecouplewouldbegoingtoliveinTom’shouseinConnecticut.
Theirwedding,whichtookplaceduringtheCivilWar,providedawelcomeescapefromthesadproblemsofwar.Notwillingtoletthisbitofsunshinefade,communitiesthroughoutthecountrysponsored“TomThumb”weddings,smallboysandgirls,alldressedup,wentthroughmarriageceremonyforfun.
1.“talkofthetown”means________.
A.itwasinthenewspaper
B.peoplespreadrumorsaboutit
C.itwasthemostpopularthinghappening
D.itwasdiscussedinacitymeeting
2.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutTomThumb’swedding?
A.Peoplegaveittoomuchoftheirattention.
B.Ithelpedpeoplecheerupinadarktime.
C.Itwasfunnyandridiculous
D.TomandLaviniawerestupid.
3.WhichofthefollowingisthebestcluetothefactthatTomwassmart?
A.Hebecameabillionaireattwenty-five.
B.Helearnedhowtosing,dance,andactataveryyoungage.
C.HemetwithPresidentLincolnduringhishoneymoon.
D.Hemarriedaschoolteacher.
4.Tomewoulddanceonawoodenplateheldbyapersonwhowaseightfeettallbecause______.
A.thewoodenplatewouldmakeitsoundasifTomweretapdancing
B.itmadeTomefeeltaller
C.theeight-foot-tallmanwastheonlytallpersonTomtrusted
D.thedifferencebetweenthemwouldmakeTomlookevensmaller
5.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.Weddingsalwaysmakepeoplefeelfullofsunshine.
B.Peoplearealwaysdisappointedduringwartime.
C.Entertainmentcanserveanimportantpurpose.
D.Peopleshouldbemarriedwhentheyaresmallchildren.
(5)
PatBrownwenttoherbanktoaskforanATM(自动取款机)card.Itlookslikeacreditcard.Afewweekslater,thebankpostedheracardandafour-numberpersonalidentificationnumber(PIN).HerPINis1234.
AsPatwasgettingreadyforbedonenight,sherememberedthatshehadonly$2inherbag.Thenextdayshehadtogive$10foralunchforaco-worker.Shedidn’twanttogetupearlytogotothebank.Soshehadtogotothebankthatnight.SheusedherATMcardtotakeout$50fromhercheckingaccount(账户).
Thesearethestepsshefollowedtowithdraw(提取)money.First,sheputhercardinthelowerslot(狭孔)ontherightsideofthemachine.Shemadesurehercardwasfacingtherightway.Second,thecomputerscreensaid,“PleaseenteryourPIN.”Patpressedthenumber1,2,3and4.Next,thescreensaid,“Pleaseselecttypeoftransaction(交易)youwantbypressingotherkeys.”Patpressedthebuttonkeyfortakingoutmoney.
Thenthescreensaid,“Fromwhichaccount?”ThechoicesitgavewereChecking,Savings,andMoneymarket.PatpressedthekeyforChecking.Next,thescreensaid,“Pleaseselectamount(数量)oftransaction(办理).”Patpushedthenumber5andthen0threetimes,andthescreenread,“50.00.”Thescreenthenread,“Pleasewait.”Inlessthanaminute,itread,“Pleaseliftthelidandtakeyourmoney.”
Patliftedthelidmarkedwithdraw(提取).Shecountedher$50tomakesuretheATMhadn’tmadeamistake.Thenshewaitedforherwithdrawalsliptocomeoutoftheslotattheupperrightcornerofthemachine.Patcheckedthesliptomakesureitwascorrect.ThenherATMcardwasreturnedthroughthecardslot.Sheputitinherbagandwalkedaway.IfPathadmadeamistakeatanypointbypressingthewrongbutton,shecouldhavepressedCancel(取消,删去)andstartedoveragain.
1.WhatwasPat’sfirststep?
A.Pressingthewithdrawalbutton.B.Inserting(插入)herATMcard.
C.Countinghermoney.
2.WhatdidPatdoatonceafterchoosingtheaccount?
A.Selectedwhethertowithdraw,deposit(存款),ortransfer(转帐,过户)money.
B.Liftedthelidandremovedhermoney.
C.Selectedtheamountofmoneyshewantedtowithdraw.
3.WhendidPatenterherPIN?
A.Rightafterinsertinghercard.B.Rightbeforeselectingtheaccount.
C.Rightbeforeselectingtheamountofmoney.
4.WhendidPatselectthetypeoftransaction?
A.Rightbeforereceivingherwithdrawalslip.B.RightafterrecordingherPIN.
C.Rightafterselectingwhichaccountshewanted.
5.WhatdidPatdowhenthescreensaid“Pleaseliftthelidandtakeyourmoney.”?
A.Tookher$50.B.Gotouthercard.C.Pickedupherwithdrawalslip.
(6)
Tomasteralanguageonemustbeabletospeakandunderstandthespokenlanguageaswellastoreadandwrite.LeninandhiswifeKrupskayatranslatedalongEnglishbookintoRussian.ButwhentheywenttoEnglandin1902,Englishpeoplecouldn’tunderstandawordtheysaidandtheycouldn’tunderstandwhatwassaidtothem.ThesedaysmoreandmoreforeignersarecomingtoChinaandmoreChinesearegoingouttoforeigncountriestoworkorstudy.Sothespokenlanguageisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.
Speaking,ofcourse,can’tgowithoutlistening.Ifyouwanttopronounceawordcorrectly,firstyoumusthearitcorrectly.ThysoundsoftheChineseandEnglishlanguagesarenotexactlythesame.Ifyoudon’tlistencarefully,you’llfinditdifficultorevenimpossibletounderstandthenativespeakers.
Well,whataboutwriting?Likespeaking,it’stoexchangeideas.Peoplegenerallyuseshorterwordsandshortersentencesintheirwriting.Theimportantthingistomakeyourideaclearinyourheadandthentowriteitinclearlivelylanguage.
Chinesestudentsreadfartooslowly.Ifyoureadfast,youunderstandbetter.Ifyoureadtooslowly,bythetimeyouhavereachedtheendofapageyouhaveforgottenwhatthebeginningisabout.Whenyoumeetwithnewwords,don’tlookthemupinthedictionary.Guessthemeaningfromthecontext.Youmaynotguessquitecorrectlythefirsttime,butasnewwordscomeupagainandagainindifferentcontexts,theirmeaningwillbecomeclearerandclearer.Ifyoulookupeveryword,you’llneverfinishabook.
Studentsofaforeignlanguageneedaparticularknowledge,theknowledgeofthelife,historyandgeographyofthepeoplewhoselanguagetheyarestudying.Theyshouldstudythesesubjectsintheforeignlanguage,notonlyintranslation.Inthiswayonecankilltwobirdswithonestone:learnaforeignlanguageandgetsomeknowledgeoftheforeigncountryatthesametime.
1.Howmanypointsarethereinthepassage?
A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five
2.Inhisfirstpointthewritertoldus____________.
A.howtospeakEnglish
B.howtoreadandwrite
C.whyspokenEnglishisimportant
D.whyEnglishpeoplecouldn’tunderstandLenin
3.Inhislastpointthewriteradvisedus____________.
A.tokilltwobirdswithonestone
B.tolearntwolanguagesatatime
C.tostudyallthesubjectsinaforeignlanguage
D.togetsomeknowledgeoftheforeigncountrywhoselanguageyouarestudying
4.Inthefourthparagraphthewritergavesomeadviceon___________.
A.howtoreadfaster
B.howtoguessthemeaningfromthecontext
C.howtolookupnewwordsinthedictionary
D.howtograspthegeneralmeaningofapassage
5.“Tokilltwobirdswithonestone”means___________.
A.togetsomeparticularknowledgeB.togetmorethanwhatonepays
C.thestoneistoobigD.thebirdsareblindenough
(7)
February14th,Valentine’sDay,isacomplicatedbutinterestingoccasion.Firstofall,Valentine’sDayisnotaholidayfromwork.Noonegetsadayoff.Inmanycountriesitisobservedbysendingcardstoyourfriendsandcandyorflowerstoyourhusbandorwifeifyou’remarried,ortoyourboyfriendorgirlfriendifyou’renotmarried.InJapan,somegirlsevengivetheirfatherschocolates.
WhyisthisholidayforpeopleinlovecalledValentine’sDay?
OneexplanationcomesfromaChristianmanwhosenamewassomethinglike“Valentine”.HelivedatatimewhentheRomanEmperorrefusedtoallowanyRomansoldierstogetmarriedforanyreason.ManycouplescametoValentinetobemarried.SohewouldsecretlymarrytheminaChristianceremony.HewasdiscoveredandputinprisonbytheEmperor.Onetraditionsaysthathewrotenotestohisfriendsbymarkingonleavesandthenthrowingthemoutofthewindowofhisprison.Theleaveswereshapedlikeaheart.ValentinewaskilledonFebruary14thandValentine’sDayrecallshistragicdeath.
OnValentine’sDay,AmericanelementaryschoolchildrenmakeorbuyValentinecards,writethenameofaclassmateonthem,andtakethemtoschoolandputtheminaspecialValentine’sDaybox.Andthenonthatdaytheboxisopened,thecardsaretakenoutandgivenout.
1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutValentine’sDay?
A.Itisobservedbysendingflowerstoone’shusbandorwife.
B.ChildreninJapangivetheirfatherschocolates.
C.Itisalegalholidayinmanycountries.
D.Peoplesendcandytoeachother.
2.ThemancalledValentinewasputinprisonbecause________.
A.HesecretlygotmarriedinaChristianceremony
B.Hehelpedpeoplegetmarriedwhenlovewasnotallowed
C.HehelpedRomansoldiersgetmarried
D.HewantedtokilltheRomanEmperor
3.SohewouldsecretlymarrytheminaChristianceremony.“marry”isclosestinmeaningto________.
A.Whichpriestisgoingtomarrythem?
B.Shehasmarriedoffallherdaughters.
C.I’mgladHubertmarriedagirlofspirit.
D.Atpresentshedoesn’tintendtomarryatall.
4.PeoplecelebrateValentine’sDay_________.
A.totakeadayoffB.inmemoryofValentineC.C.toshowtheirloveD.bothBandC
5.Americanschoolchildrendon’t_______onValentine’sDay.
A.buyValentinecards
B.makecardsfortheirteachers
C.giveeachotherValentinecards
D.puttheircardsinaValentine’sDaybox
(8)
Manypeoplegotoschoolforaneducation.Theylearnlanguages,history,politics,geography,physics,chemistryandmathematics.Othersgotoschooltolearnaskillsothattheycanmakealiving.Schooleducationisveryimportantanduseful.Yet,noonecanlearneverythingfromschool.Ateacher,nomatterhowmuchheknows,cannotteachhisstudentseverythingtheywanttoknow.Theteacher’sjobistoshowhisstudentshowtolearn.Heteachesthemhowtoreadandhowtothink.So,muchmoreistobelearnedoutsideschoolbythestudentsthemselves.
Itisalwaysmoreimportanttoknowhowtostudybyoneselfthantomemorizesomefactsoraformula.Itisactuallyquiteeasytolearnacertainfactinhistoryoraformulainmathematics.Butitisverydifficulttouseaformulainworkingoutamathproblem.Greatscientistsbeforeusdidn’tgeteverythingfromschool.Theirteachersonlyshowedthemtheway.Edisondidn’tevenfinishprimaryschool.Buttheywereallsosuccessful.Theyinventedsomanythingsformankind.Thereasonfortheirsuccessisthattheyknewhowtostudy.Theyreadbooksthatwerenottaughtatschool.Theywouldaskmanyquestionsastheyread.Theydidthousandsofexperiments.Theyworkedhardalltheirlives,wastingnotasinglemoment.Aboveall,theyknewhowtousetheirbrain.
1.Peoplegotoschoolto_________.
A.learnseveralsubjectsB.makealiving
C.getaneducationD.learnfromteachers
2.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantthingateachershoulddois_________.
A.toteacherhisstudentseverythingheknows
B.toknoweverything
C.toteachthestudentshowtothink
D.toteachthestudentshowtostudybythemselves
3.Toworkoutamathproblem,youneedtoknow_________.
A.onlyacertainformulaB.morethanoneformula
C.somefactsD.themethodtosolveit
4.Whyweremanyscientistssosuccessful?
A.Theyreceivedgoodeducation.
B.Theywereveryclever.
C.Theyknewhowtolearn.
D.Theylearnedlotsoffactsandformulas.
5.Howdidgreatscientistsstudy?
A.Theyreadalotofbooksandaskedmanyquestionswhilereading.
B.Theydidthousandsofexperiments.
C.Theyalwaysworkedhardandneverwastedtime.
D.Alloftheabove.
(9)
Thecustomsindifferentcountriesareratherdifferent.IfIhavedinnerwithaChinesehost,healwaysputsmorefoodontomyplatesassoonasIhaveemptiedthem.Itoftendiscomfortsmegreatly.IhavetoeatthefoodevenifIdon’twantto,becauseitisconsideredbadmannersintheWesttoleaveone’sfoodontheplate.IhavealreadynoticedthatwhenaChinesesitsatanAmerican’sdinnerparty,heveryoftenrefusestheofferoffoodordrinkthoughheisinfactstillhungryorthirsty.Thismightbegoodmannersinchina,butitisnotintheWestatall.IntheUSitisimpolitetokeepaskingsomeoneagainandagainorinsistonhimacceptingsomething.Americanshaveadirectwayofspeaking.Iftheywantsomething,theywillaskforit.Ifnot,theywillsay“No,thanks”.WhenanAmericanisfedwithbeerbythehost,forexample,hemightsay,“No,thanks,I’lltakesomeDiet.Pepsy–colaifyouhaveit.”ThatiswhatanAmericanwilldo.SowhenyougototheUS,youhadbetterrememberthefamoussaying,“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo”.
1.Fromthepassage,weknowthattheChineseareusually_______totheguests.
A.eagertogivealltheyhaveB.polite
C.impoliteD.cold
2.WhenaforeignerhasdinnerwithaChinesehost,heoftenfeels_________.
A.pleasantB.uncomfortableC.satisfiedD.happy
3.WhydoesaChineseoftenrefusetheofferoffoodordrinkatadinnerparty?Because_______.
A.hehashadenoughB.heisshy
C.heisafraidthatotherswilllaughathimD.hethinksit’spolitetodothat
4.WhenanAmericanwantssomethingtoeatordrinkatdinner,hewill_________.
A.goandtakeithimselfB.refusethehostsoffer
C.askforitdirectlyD.askanothertofetchitforhim
5.“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Means________.
A.whenyougettoRome,youshouldactastheRomansdo
B.whenyoustayinRome,youshoulddoastheRomansdo
C.whenyouareinanewcountry,youshoulddoasthenativesdo
D.Romanscanbeexampleforyou
(10)
Whenwecanseewell,wedon’tthinkaboutoureyesveryoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwecometoseehowimportantoureyesare.
Peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Manypeoplewhodoalotofclosework,suchaswriting,readingandsewing,becomenearsighted.Thentheyhavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantthingsclearly.
Peoplewhoarefarsightedsufferfromjusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefaraway,buttheyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreading,theymustgetglasses,too.
Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.This,too,canbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts(白内障).Longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.
Whennightfalls,coloursbecomefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear.Afteryoureyeshavegrownusedtothedark,youcanseebetterifyouusethesidesofyoureyesratherthanthecenters.Sometimes,afterdark,youcanseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseemstodisappearifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection.Thisisbecausewhenyouturnyourhead,youarelookingatthethingtoodirectly.Menonguarddutysometimesthinktheyseesomethingmovingtoonesideofthem.Whentheyturntolookstraightatit,theycan’tseeitanymore,andtheybelievetheyweremistaken.However,thismistakehappensbecausethecenteroftheeye,whichisverysensitiveindaylight,isnotassensitiveasthesidesoftheeyeafterdark.
1.Wedon’tknowthatoureyesareofgreatimportanceuntil___.
A.wethinkaboutoureyesB.wecannotseeclearly
C.wewearglassesD.wehavetodomuchreading
2.Accordingtothepassage,a_________ismorelikelytobenearsightedthantheaverageperson.
A.tailorB.doctorC.guardD.driver
3.Thosewhosufferfromcataracts_________.
A.willbecomeblindB.can’tbecured
C.maybecuredD.mustmovetootherplaces
4.Peoplewhoarefarsighted_________.
A.cannotdoalotofcloseworkwithoutglasses
B.canonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes
C.havedifficultyreadingabookiftheyholditatarm’slength
D.havethesameproblemasthenearsightedpeople
5.Toseeasmallthingatnight,itisbettertolook_________.
A.withwideopeneyesB.withhalf-shutornarroweyes
C.straightatitD.inaslightlydifferentdirection
(11)
Hi,dearboysandgirls!Doyouknowhowtobeahealthykid?Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollow.
First,eatdifferentfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.Youmayhaveafavouritefood,butyoudbettereatsomethingdifferent,ifyoueatdifferentfoods,youwillprobablygetmorenutrients(营养物质)yourbodyneeds.
Second,drinkwaterandmilkasoftenaspossible.Whenyourereallythirsty,coldwateristheNo.lchoice(选择).Milkisagreatdrinkthatcangiveyoumorecalcium(钙)yourbodyneedstogrowstrongbones(骨头).
Third,listentoyourbody.Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarefull?Whenyouareeating,noticehowyourbodyfeelsandwhenyourstomach(胃)feelscomfortablyfull.Eatingtoomuchwillnotmakeyoufeelcomfortableandmakeyoufat.
Fourth,limit(限制)screentime.ScreentimeisthetimeyouwatchTV,DVDsandvideos,orusingcomputers.Itisgoodtotakemoreexercisesuchasbasketball,bikeridingandswimming.YoucantwatchTVformorethantwohoursaday.
Fifth,beactive.Onethingyoudliketodoasakidistofindoutwhichactivityyoulikebest.Findwaystobeactiveeveryday.
Followtheserulesandyoucanbeahealthykid.
1.Youshouldeatdifferentfoodsespecially___.
A.meatB.hamburgersC.sweetsD.fruitandvegetables
2.Whichkindofdrinkscangiveyoumorecalcium?
A.JuiceB.Milk C.ColdwaterD.Tea
3.Accordingtothepassage,youshouldfollow __rulesifyouwanttobehealthy.
A.fiveB.nine C.fifteenD.thirteen
4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.Whenyoureeating,youdonthavetonoticehowyourbodyfeels.
B.Youcaneatyourfavouritefoodasmuchaspossible.
C.YoucanwatchTVwheneveryouliketogetmoreinformation.
D.Weshouldtrytoliveinanactivewayinourlife.
5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.Howtomakeyourselfimportant
B.Howtobeahealthykid
C.Howtobeapopularkid
D.Howtomakeyourparentshealthy
(12)
A12-manChineseteamlandedontheAntarcticicecap(南极冰盖最高点)peakonJanuary18.TheyarethefirstpeopletoreachthepeakofDomeA(海穹A).Itis4,039metersabovesealevel(海拔).
Theteambuiltastationtheretostudythechangesoftheweather,geticesamples(标本)from150metersto200metersbelow,anddootherstudies.Sofar,theteamhasgotnearly100-meterlongicesamplesfromaplaceabout300metersundertheicecappeak.
ItisthefirsttimethatpeoplehavebeenabletogetsamplesfromtheicecappeakinAntarcticaanditisveryimportantforpeopletostudytheweatherchangesandenvironmentalchangesinthisarea(地区).
TheChinesescientistshavealsobuiltaweatherstudysystem(系统)atthepeak.Thesystemcansendoutinformationabouttemperature,howstrongthewindis,andmanyotherthingsabouttheweather.
TheAntarcticicecapmakesup70%oftheearthsfreshwater(淡水).BystudyingDomeA,scientistscangetthelowesttemperatureoftheearthandotherinformationabouttheworldsweatherchanges.WecantgetthisinformationfromotherplacesontheearthbecauseDomeAisthebestplaceforthiskindofstudies.SoitisveryimportanttolandonthepeakofDomeA.
1.HowmanyChinesefirstlandedontheAntarcticicecappeak?
A.18B.12C.150D.200
2.Theteamhasgotabout100-meterlongicesamples___.
A.from150metersto200metersbelow
B.fromaplaceabout300metersbelow
C.from200metersto250metersbelow
D.fromaplaceabout150metersbelow
3.Theybuiltaweatherstudysystemtoget___.
A.theearthsfreshwater B.icesamplesfromthepeak
C.informationabouttheweather D.thenewsaboutothercountries
4.Choosethyrightorder(顺序)accordingtothispassage.
①Theybuiltastationtostudythechangesoftheweather.
②ACliineseteamlandedontheAntarcticicecappeak.
③TheChinesescientistsbuiltaweatherstudysystem.
④Theygoticesamplesfromtheicecappeak.
A.②①④③ B.②①③④ C.③②①④ D.②③④①
5.Fromthispassage,wecaninfer(推断):AftertheChineseteamlandedontheAntarcticicecappeak,___.
A.wecangothereforholidays
B.theworldsweathermustbebetterandbetter
C.thepeakwillbethebestplaceforpeopletolivein
D.ourcountrywilldobetterintheworldsweatherresearch
(13)
Thetotalareaoflandonearthisestimated(估计)as149millionsquarekilometres,orabout29percentofthetotalareaoftheearth.
Themean(平均)heightofthelandisabout750metersabovethesealevel.
TheEurasian(欧亚的)landmassisthelargestwithanareaof54,527,000squarekilometres.ThesmallestcontinentistheAustralianmainland,withanareaofabout7,614,600squarekilometres,whichtogetherwithTasmania,NewZealand,NewGuineaandthePacificIslands,isdescribedasOceania(大洋州).ThetotalareaofOceaniaisabout8,935,500squarekilometres,includingWestIranwhichisinAsia.
Theworld’slargestpeninsula(半岛)isArabian,withanareaofabout3,327,500squarekilometres.ThelargestislandintheworldisGreenland,withanareaofabout2,175,600squarekilometres.Thelargestislandsurrounded(环绕)byfreshwaterisLihadeMaraja(4,022squarekilometres)inthemouthoftheAmazonRiver,Brazil.ThelargestislandinalakeisManitoulinIsland(2,766squarekilometres)intheCanadiansectionoftheLakeHuron.Thisislanditselfhasonitalakeof106squarekilometrescalledManitouLake,inwhichthereareseveralisland.
1.Oceaniaismadeupof______.
A.TasmaniaandNewZealandB.Australia
C.NewGuineaandthePacificIslandsD.alloftheabove
2.Thelargestislandsurroundedbyfreshwater,whichhasanareaof4,022squarekilometres,isin______.
A.ariverB.alakeC.aseaD.anocean
3.LakeHuronlies______.
A.inCanadaB.neartoCanadaC.partlyinCanadaD.inBrazil
4.WhichofthefollowingdiagramsshowsthecorrectrelationshipbetweenManitoulinIsland(MI),LakeHuron(LH),ManitouLake(ML),andthe“severalislands”(SL)mentionedattheendofthepassage?
(14)
MarkHartmannisinthethirdgrade,buthecannotreadorwrite.Hemakesloudsoundsfromhischairandwaveshishandsaroundhisheadallthetime.Hecannotlistenformorethantwominutesatatime.Sometimes,hehitstheotherchildren.Sometimes,healsohitshisteacher.
MarkHartmannhasautism(孤独症).Hisbraincannotorganize(组织)andmanageinformationclearly.Hedoesnotunderstandtheworldorthepeoplearoundhim.
Theschoolprincipal(校长)saysthattheotherchildrenlosetwomuchlearningtimewhenMarkisintheirclassroom.ShethinksMarkcangetabettereducationataspecialprogramnearby.There,teachersknowhowtotakecareofstudentswithautism.
ButMark’sparentsdonotwanthimtogothere.Infact,alawwasmadein1988.Itsaysthatstudentswithdisabilities(残疾)canbeinregular(正常的)classes.Thisgivesthemthesamechancesforsuccessaseveryoneelse.
TheHartmannusedtoliveinChicago.Markwenttoregularclassesthere.Markhadhelpfromsomespecialteachers,andtheprogramwasverygoodforhim.“Hewaspartoftheschool,”Mrs.Hartmanntoldreporters.“Healsolearnedtoholdhandswithsomeofthechildreninhisclass.”
Answerthequestions.
1.HowdoesMarkactintheclassroom?
A.Hecannotpayattentionverywell.
B.Heshoutsfromhischair.
C.Hehitsotherchildren.
D.Alloftheabove
2.Paragraph2explains______.
A.autismB.Mark’sideaC.Mark’sschoollife
3.The1988lawsaysthatdisabledstudentscanhave______.
A.morechancesthaneveryoneelse
B.fewerchancesthaneveryoneelse
C.thesamechancesaseveryoneelse
D.differentchancesfromeveryoneelse
5.Whatisgoodaboutthe“specialprogram”nearby?
A.Theteachersthereknowmoreaboutautism.
B.ItisclosetoMark’shome.
C.Marklikestheprogram.
(15)
Treesareusefultomeninthreeimportantways:Theyprovidethemwithwoodandotherproducts(产品),theygivethemshade(树荫),andtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods.
Unfortunately,inmanypartsoftheworld,menhavenotrealized(功能)isthemostimportant.Intheireagerness(渴望)tomakemoneyformtrees,somepeoplehavecuttreesdowninlargenumbers,onlytofindthatwithoutthemtheyhavelostthebestfriendstheyhad.Andbesides(此外),theyareusuallytoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtrees,sotheforestsslowlydisappear.
Thisdoesn’tonlymeanthatmenwillhavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious:wheretherearetrees,theirroots(根)breakupsoil—allowingtheraintosinkinandalsobind(固定)thesoil,thus(因而)preventingitfrombeingwashedawayeasily,butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsandcarryingawaytherichtop—soil.Whenallthetop—soilisgone,nothingremains(剩下)butworthlessdesert.
1.Themostimportantserviceoftreestomenis____.
A.theygivepeoplewoodandotherproducts
B.theygivepeopleshadeandcool
C.theyhelppeoplepreventdroughtandfloods
D.theyhelppeoplemakemoney
2.Whatdoes“Unfortunately”meaninChinese?
A.不可能的B.不幸的C.不经常的D.不固定的
3.Landbecomesdesertafteralltreesartecutdown,because____.
A.thereistoomuchrain
B.therearenomoretreestokeeptherichtop—soilfrombeingcarriedawaybyfloods
C.thereisastrongwind
D.rootsoftreesbreakupthesoil
4.Peoplecutdownmanytreesbecause____.
A.theywantedtogetwoodfromthem
B.theywantedtogetmoneyfromthem
C.theydidn’trealizetheimportanceofthem
D.alltheabove
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Treerootscanmakethetop—soilrichandthegroundhard.
B.Treescanmaketherainsinkintotheground.
C.Treescanpreventdroughtandfloods.
D.Treerootscanbreakupsoil.
SectionFour
Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.
(1)
IhavebeeninEnglandfor3monthsnow.Ihopeyoudon’tthinkI’veforgottenyou.TherearesomanyplacestoseeandsomanythingstodothatI’venothadmuchtimeforwritingletters.
IshallsoonbestartingmystudiesatKing’sCollege.SofarI’vebeenlearningaboutEnglandandBritishwaysofliving.Iwon’ttellyouaboutLondon.Thereareplentyofbooksyoucanreadandlotsofpicturesyoucanlookat.I’msureyou’llbemoreinterestedtoknowwhatIthinkaboutlifehere.
Ifindsomeofthecustoms(习俗)newandinteresting.PeopleheredonotshakehandsasmuchaswedointheEuropeancontinent.DuringthefirstweeksIwasoftensurprisedbecausepeopledidnotputouttheirhandswhenImetthem.Menraisetheirhatstowomenbutnottoeachother.
1.Whodoyouthinkwrotetheletter,anAmerican,aBritishoraFrench?
2.WhatdidthewriterofthelettergotoLondonfor?
3.Whydidn’tthewriterreplysoonafterhearrived?
4.Britishpeopledon’tshakehandsasoftenasEuropeanpeople,dothey?
5.Arewomenrespected(受尊敬)bymeninBritain?
(2)
Theclockstruck(敲)eight,butIwasstillonthebed.Icouldhearitwasblowingstrongly.“Itmustbewindyoutside,”Ithought.
Icametothesmalltownaweekago.Isoldsomeclothestoashop.ChristmaswascomingandIhopedtobuysomepresentsformyfamilyandfriends.SoItriedtomeetthemanagerandaskhimtopayforthem.Iwasoutofluck.HewenttoLondonandIhadtowaitforhimhere.Therewasnotheatreherebutacinema.Thefilmswerealltooold.Ipreferredstayinginthesmallhoteltosittinginthecoldcinema.
Halfanhourlater,Ifelthungry.Ihadtogetup.Itwaswhiteeverywhereandsomechildrenwereskiingdownthehill.Onmywaytothesmallrestaurant,Isawaboyfallontoarock(岩石).Irantohimquicklyandcarriedhimtoahospital.Soonhisparentscamehere.NowIknewtheboywasjustthemanager’sson.Hethankedmeverymuchandgavemethemoneyafterwehadadinner.
1.Whatwastheweatherliketoday?
_______________________________________
2.Whatdidthewritercometothetownfor?
_______________________________________
3.Whydidthewriterpreferstayinginthehotel?
_______________________________________
4.Whendidthewritergetup?
______________________________________
5.Whydidthemangerthankthewriter?
______________________________________
(3)
Therelivedalawyer(律师)inatown.Thelawyerwasverycleverbutstingy(吝啬的).Peopleallknewthatthelawyerneverpaidotherswhenheaskedotherstodosomethingfromhim.
Onedaythelawyer’swifewasbadlyill.Thelawyeraskedadoctorforhelp.Thedoctorwasreadytocometoseethesickwomanandtryhisbesttocureher.Butthedoctorstoppedbeforehewentintothelawyer’shouse,forthedoctorknewthatveryoftenthelawyerdidnotpayothers.Thedoctorsaidtothelawyer,“ButifIcureyourwife,I’mafraidyouwillnotpayme.”
“Sir,”answeredthelawyer,“hereIhavealotofmoney.Whetheryoucureorkillmywife,I’llgiveyousomemoney.”
Thedoctorwasgladtohearthatandwentintothehouse.Thewomanwasdying.Thedoctortriedeverythingpossibletosaveher,butstillshediedintheend.Hetoldthelawyerhewasverysorry,andthenaskedforpay.“Didyoukillmywife?”askedthelawyer.“OfcourseIdidn’t,”saidthedoctor.“Well,didyoucuremywife?”thelawyeraskedagain.“Youknowthatwasimpossible,”answeredthedoctor.
“Wellthen,sinceyoudidn’tkillorcureher,Ihavenothingtopayyou.”
1.Didthelawyerpayothersanymoneywhenheaskedthemtodosomething?
____________________________________
2.Whatkindofpersonwasthedoctor?
____________________________________
3.Whydidthedoctoragreetocurethelawyer’swife?
____________________________________
4.Whathappenedtothelawyer’swife?
_____________________________________
5.Didthedoctorgetanymoneyfromthelawyerintheend?
_____________________________________
(4)
Isitpossibletosendmessagestosomeoneanywhereintheworldwithoutputtingastamponit?It’seasytodoso.Usingcomputersyoucansende-mailquicklyandeasily.Ifyouhaveane-mailaddress,youcanwrite,sendandreceivemessages.
E-mailisthemostinexpensivewaytocommunicate.Youcansendmessageatanytimeofdayornighttopeopleallovertheworldwithoutpayingforalong-distancecall.Manycompaniesusee-mailforpeopleintheirofficeorinotherofficetocommunicatewithoneanother.Youcansendthesamemessagetofiftypeopleormore.Itdoesn’tmatterifyourfriendsareinbedwhenyousende-mailtothem,oryouareseeingafilmatthecinemawhentheysende-mailback.Manyschoolsanduniversitiesgivee-mailaddresstotheirstudents.E-mailaddressesarebecomingascommonasphonenumbers,butitcanalsomakeourlivesmorecomplicated.
1.Whatdoyouneedtosendandreceivee-mail?
_______________________________________
2.Whichischeaperandfastertosendmessages,bye-mailorbypost?
___________________________________________
3.Whenandwherecane-mailbesent?
______________________________
4.Youcan’tgetanye-mailswhenyouareout,canyou?
___________________________________________
5.Doyouthinkit’shelpfultousee-mailornot?Why?
__________________________________________
(5)
Inthetimeittakesyoutoreadthissentence,thepopulationoftheworldwillhavegrownbytenpeople.Thatmaynotsoundmuch,butitis9,000peopleinanhour,1.5millionaweek,or79millionayear.ThatisthesameasaddingmostofthepopulationofGermanytotheworldeveryyear.
Mostofthesenewpeoplewerebornindevelopingcountries.ThesecountriesarefoundinmuchofAfrica,SouthAmericaandpartsofAsia.InthedevelopedcountriesofEuropeandNorthAmerica,thepopulationisgrowingveryslowly.Thisisbecausewomeninthesecountrieshave,onaverage,onlyoneortwochildren.Inthedevelopingcountries,manywomenhavefiveormorechildren.In1950,aroundonequarteroftheworld’spopulationlivedinthedevelopedcountries.By2050,thesecountrieswillbehometoonlyaroundonetenthoftheworld’speople.
Inthedevelopingcountries,morethanonebillionpeoplealreadylivebelowthepoverty(贫困)line.Thesepeopledonothaveenoughfoodtoeatandtheyliveinpoorhousing;childrengetlittleornotimeatschoolandpeoplesuffer(遭受痛苦)frommanykindsofdiseases.
Atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,theworld’spopulationwasaroundsixbillionpeople.TheUNhassaidthattheworld’spopulationwillleveloffat12.5billionpeoplebytheyear2100.Othergroupsthinktheworld’spopulationwillcontinuetogrow,reaching14billionpeoplebeforeitbecomesstable(稳定的),orevenfalls.
1.Howmanypeopleareaddedtotheworld’spopulationanhour?
__________________________________________________
2.Developingcountriescanbefoundinwhatareasoftheworld?
__________________________________________________
3.In1950,whatpercentageoftheworld’spopulationlivedindevelopingcountries?
__________________________________________________
4.Whatareexamplesthatshowpeoplearelivingbelowthepovertyline?
__________________________________________________
5.Therewillbetwelveandahalfbillionpeopleontheearthin2100accordingtotheUN,won’tthere?
___________________________________________________
(6)
Manypeopledon’tliketostayathomeonholidays.Theywanttogoouttoseesomethingdifferentordosomethingexciting.Sopeoplefromthecountrycometothecityandpeoplefromthecitygotothecountryforholidays.Duringtheholidays,trains,busesandplanesareallverybusy.It’sveryhardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets.Manypeopletakecarsorbusesfortraveling.
LastMayDay,myfamilywenttothecountrybycarforourholiday.Therewastoomuchtrafficontheroad.Sowehadtomoveveryslowly.Ittookusaboutanhourtogetoutofthetown.Aftersometime,wecametoahill.Itwasgreenandbeautiful.Wethoughtthiswasagoodplaceforapicnic.Sowestoppedandtookthefood,fruitanddrinkoutofthecar.Wesatdownandbegantoeat.Suddenlyastrongwindblewandsoonitstartedtorain.Wehadtorunbacktoourcarandhaveourpicnicinthecar.Thenwedrovebackhome.Whatasadtrip!
1.Whydopeoplesonholidays?
____________________________________
2.Whatoftenhappensonholidays?
_____________________________________
3.Whyisithardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets?
_____________________________________
4.WheredidthefamilygolastMayDay?
_____________________________________
5.Didtheyhaveagoodtrip?Whyorwhynot?
_____________________________________
(7)
AstheInternetgetsmoreandmorepopularinChina,BillGatesandhisMicrosofthavebecomewell-knowntotheChineseyoungpeople.ButfewpeopleknowMichaelDell,anotherwizard(天才)oftheinformationage.
Dell,39,isheadofDellComputer,thesecondlargestPCcompanyintheUnitedStates.Hiscompanywasabletodefeatlargercompetitors(对手)andsellthecomputersatlowerpricesbecausetheydidn’tusethedistributors(批发商).
Whilehewasafirst-yearstudentattheuniversityofTexas,Dellused$1,000tostartabusinesssellingcomputeraccessories(配件).Hewouldbuyparts,putthemtogetherintoupgradedpersonalcomputersandsellthemdirectlytocustomers(顾客).Hesucceededbykeepinghismindfirmlyondoingbusinessinsteadofmakingmoney.
Dellsometimesreturnedtotheuniversitytospeaktobusinessstudents.Oneofthemaskedtheyoungbillionaire(亿万富翁)whyhestillkeptworking.
“You’vegotsomuchmoney,”hesaid.“Whydon’tyoujustsellout,andbuyaboatandsailofftotheCaribbean?”
Delllookedathimandreplied,“Sailingisnotthatinteresting.Doyouhaveanyideahowmuchfunitistorunabillion-dollarcompany?”
1.WhendidDellbeginhisbusiness?
2.WhywasDellComputerabletosellpersonalcomputersatlowerpricesthanitsbiggercompetitors?
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upgraded”meaninEnglishorChinese?
4.IsDellveryinterestedinrunningabigcomputercompanyormakingmoney?
(8)
Coffeehasbeenapartofpeople’slifeforthousandsofyears,andtodayitisstillafavouritedrinkofmillionsofpeopleintheworld.Coffeeissopopular,butdoyouknowthestoryofcoffeeandhowitwasdiscovered?
ThereisanoldstorythatsayscoffeewasdiscoveredinAfricalong,longtimeago.Oneday,afarmerwaswatchinghisgoats,andhesawthemeatsomesmallberriesfromaplant.Aftertheyatetheberries,thegoatsbecameveryactive.Themanoftenfelttired,sohedecidedtotrytheberriestoo.Surprisingly,hedidnotfeeltiredanymore.Coffeeplantswerethusdiscovered.ThencoffeewastakenfromAfricatoArabia,andthereitwasfirstusedasmedicine.TheArabskeptcoffeeasecretformanyyears.Later,coffeecametoTurkey,thenItaly,thenFrance.FromEurope,thecoffeeplantwastakentoAmerica.PeoplefoundthatcoffeeplantsgrewwellinmanypartsofSouthAmerica,solargecoffeefarmswerestarted,andmanycoffeeplantsweregrown.Onthesefarms,coffeebeanswerepickedfromtheplantsbyhand.Thenthebeansweredriedandpreparedformarkettosell.Differentcoffeebeansweremixedtogethertoproducedifferentkindsofcoffee.Coffeewassenttoallovertheworld,andsoonbecameverypopular.
1.Wheredidcoffeecomefrom?
2.Whodiscoveredit?How?
3.DidcoffeecometoEuropeshortlyafteritwasdiscovered?
4.WhatwascoffeefirstusedasinArabia?
5.WhywerelargecoffeefarmsstartedinSouthAmerica?
6.Howdidpeoplegetcoffeebeansfromtheplants?
7.Whydidpeoplemixdifferentcoffeebeanstogether?
SectionFive
Task-basedReading:Finishoffthetasksaccordingtowhatyouread.
(1)
ACTORSANDACTRESSES385-399MAPS(COLOUR)517-528
MUSEUMS454-469MEDICALEDFELOPMENTS492
ANIMALS493-496HOLIDAYS841-873
ART,FAMOUS480-481PLANTSRIVERS108-109,
114-115
HIGHWAYS131-141NATIONALPARKS747-749
BOOKS,BESTSELLERS476COUNTRIES529-615
DISCOVERIRESANDINVENTIONS336-338PASSORTS142-144
ENVIRONMENT80-101POPULATION616-619
EDUCATION284-321POSTALINFORMATION1033-1039
FLAGSOFTHEWORLD(COLOUR)513-516SPORTS884-978
1.Youcanfindtheinformationonelephantsonpages_______________.
2.IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChinesefilmstarJackieChan,youshouldsearchwith_______________onpages385-399.
3.Onewholikessurfingcanfindtheinformationabouttohowtosurfonpages_______________.
A.142-144B.841-873C.D.517-528
4.IfyouareinterestedinThomasEdison,youmaysearch_______________.
(2)
Newwords:1.familiar熟悉的2.grocerystore副食商店3.regular固定的4.container5.oz是ounce(盎司)的缩写形式,1磅=16盎司hj
1.Theregularpriceofbonelessbarbecueis_______.
2.Ifyoubuythreepoundsofchickenonsale,yourtotalsavingis_______.
3.Supposeyouneed2.5poundsofstrawberriestomakeicecreamandyouwillbuy_______containers.
4.EightpeoplearecomingtoyourFourthofJulypicnic.Iffiveearsofcornare$1,oneearcosts_______.
(3)
Whatisbirdflu?Whenbirds,wildordomestic(家养的),catchaflu,theymaypassthevirustoeachother.Themostdangerousvirusescankillbirdswithinhours.
Peoplemaycatchthediseasewhenhandlingbirdsortheirwaste.Scientistsnowworrythatmigratorywildbirdsmightpassthediseasetodomesticbirds.Thiscouldputmorepeopleindanger.
Since2003,morethan120peoplehavecaughtbirdfluinSoutheastAsia.Halfofthemhavedied.
Inthepastseveralweeks,Chinahasreportedthreeoutbreaks(爆发)ofbirdfluthathavekilled3,800chickens,ducksandgeese.
Whatisbirdflu?Itstheflucaughtby(1)_______andcanbe(2)_______toeachotherandpeople.
SoutheastAsia(3)_______peoplehavecaughtbirdflu.
China(4)_______outbreakstherehavekilled(5)_______domesticbirds.
(4)
Thepicturebelowshowsthetemperature(℃)andtherainfall(mm)ofGuangzhou.Thetemperatureisshownasacurve(曲线图),Therainfallisincolumns(柱形图).
1.TherainfallinMayismm.
2.It’scolderinthaninanyothermonth.
3.Thehottestmonthsareand_______.
4._______hasthemostrainfall.
(5)
1.LiFangisafanofKangTa,a__________singer.ShewillgotohisconcertonSeptember__________.
2.IfUncleJoewantstolistentorockmusic,hemaypayatleast$__________togoto__________concert.
3.IfCuiJianhasasorethroatandhehastoputoffhisconcert,hecan’tplayhisconcertonthesame_________thenextdaybecause__________willhaveaconcertthere.
4.WangHualikesS.H.E.verymuch.Shewillgotothethree_________concertin_________at7:30,September23.
SectionOne
(1)1—5EADFB
(2)1-5FCEBA
(3)1—5DEBAF
(4)1-5FBEDA
(5)1-5CEADF
SectionTwo
(1)1-5TTTFF
(2)1-5TFFFT
(3)1—5FTFTF
(4)1-5TTFFT
(5)1-5TFFTT
(6)1-5TFTTF
(7)1-4TFTF
(8)1-5TFTTF
(9)1-5TFTFT
(10)1-5TFTTF
SectionThree
(1)1—4ABDC
(2)1-5DCDAB
(3)1—5DDBDA
(4)1-5CBBDC
(5)1—5BCABA
(6)1-5DCDAB
(7)1-5ACADB
(8)1-5CDDCD
(9)1-5BBDCC
(10)1-5BACAD
(11)1-5DBADB
(12)1-5BBCAD
(13)1—4DACD
(14)1-4DACA
(15)1—5CBBDA
SectionFour
(1)1.AFrench.2.HewenttoLondontostudy.3.Becausehewastoobusytowriteback.
4.No,theydon’t.5.Yes,theyare.
(2)1.Itwasawindydaytoday.
2.Hecametothetowntoaskthemanagertopayfortheclothes.
3.Becauseitwasalittlewarmerthere.
4.Hegotupathalfpasteight.
5.Becausethewritersavedhisson.
(3)1.No,never.
2.Hewaskind.
3.Becausethedoctorthoughtthelawyerwouldgivehimmoney.
4.Shedied.
5.No.thedoctordidn’tgetanymoneyfromthelawyer.
(4)1.Acomputerande-mailaddress.
2.Bye-mail.
3.Anytimeandanywhere.
4.Yes,Ican.
5.Ithinkit’shelpful.Becauseit’sthecheapestwaytocommunicate.
(5)1.About14,000people.
2.TheycanbefoundinAfrica,SouthAmericaandpartsofAsia.
3.Seventy-fivepercent/75%.
4.Nothavingenoughfood;livinginpoorhousing;sufferingfrommanykindsofdiseases;gettinglittleeducation.(答对其中两点即可)
5.Yes,therewill.
(6)1.Becausetheywanttogoouttoseesomethingdifferentordosomethingexciting.
2.It’shardtobuytrainticketsorairtickets.
3.Becausemanypeoplewanttogoout.
4.Thefamilywenttothecountry.
5.No,theydidn’t.Becauseitrainedsuddenly.
(7)1.Shortlyafterheenteredtheuniversity.
2.Becausehesoldcomputersdirectlytocustomers.
3.Itmeans“improved”/“改良的/升级的”.
4.Heisveryinterestedinrunningabigcompany.
(8)1.ItcamefromAmerica.
2.Afarmerdiscoveredit.Oneday,whenthefarmerwaswatchinghisgoats,hesawthemeatsomesmallberries,andthengoatsbecameveryactive.Themanoftenfelttired,sohedecidetotrytheberriestoo.Surprisingly,hedidnotfeeltiredanymore.Inthiswayhediscoveredcoffee.
3.No,itdidn’t.
4.ItwasusedasmedicineinArabia.
5.BecausepeoplefoundthatcoffeeplantsgrewwellinmanypartsofsouthAmerica.
6.Firstcoffeebeanswerepickedfromplantsbyhand.Thenthebeansweredriedandpreparedformarkettosell.
7.Becausepeoplecanproducedifferentkindsofcoffeebymixing.
SectionFive
(1)1.493-4962.ACTORSANDACTRESSES3.884-9784.DISCOVERIESANDINVENTIONS
(2)1.$3.49lb2.$2.223.34.20cents
(3)1.birds2.passed3.Morethan1204.Three5.3,800
(4)1.3002.December3.June,July4.June.
(5)1.Korean/popular,25th2.22,CunJian’s3.gymnasium/gym,KangTa4.girls’,Worker’sStadium
如何备考句型转换
句型转换是中考英语试题中常见的题型之一,同时也是孝感市中考英语试题中考的题型之一。
一、考点解读
该题型主要是考查学生对英语句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。命题形式一般是给出一个英语句子,要求考生根据所提要求改写这个句子,其中的同义词转换是英语句型转换的一种重要形式,也是孝感市中考命题的一个热点。此题型主要考查对英语词汇、句型的掌握情况和灵活运用的能力。其特点是涉及面广,语言点多,方式灵活,要求较严,难度较大。
二、常见同义句转换十大类型
Ⅰ比较级结构转换
1.LiTaorunsfistedinhisclass.
→Nobodyelseinhisclassruns_________LinTao
2.AnnrunfasterthanNleimei
Neimei___runso__asAnn.
析,as/sofastas2.doesn’tfast
常见替换 主语+V +最高级+ofall/in+范围
→主语+V.+比较+thananyother+n.
Ⅱso…that/too…to…/…enoughto…
1.Theboysoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
2.Lindeworkedvery hardsohecaughtupwithherclassmates.
Lindaworkedhard______catchupwithherclassmates.
析:too…to2enoughto
常见替换 so…that否定从句
→too…to…/not+(形容词原形) enough to
Ⅲ 主句+after+从句→not…until…
Xiaopinglefttheclassroomafterhefinishedhimhomework.
Xiaoping___leavetheclassroom____hefinishedhishomework.
析:didn’tuntil
常见替换:主语+短暂性动词+after+从句
→ 主语+短暂性动词的否定式+…+until从句。
Ⅳ 完成时与一般过去时的转换
1.Heboughtanewcarcastyear.
He__ __anewcarforayear.
2.hisunclediedtwoyearsago.
Hisunclehas_____________fortwoyears.
常见替换:主语加过去式(短暂性动词)+过去时间状语
→主语+have/has+PP(延续性动词短语)+for/since结构
→It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时
→时间段(主语)+hepassed+sine+一般过去时
Ⅴ宾语从句
1.Doyouknowhim?Heaskedme.
Heasked____I____him.
Idon’tknowwhatIshouldsayatthemeeting.
→Idon’tknowwhatI________atthemeeting.
常见替换:1.直接引语→间接引语
2.主语+连接代/副词+从句
→主语+V+原连接代/副词+to…
Ⅵ祁使句+and/or+简单句
1.Getupearlytomorrowmorning,oryou’llmissthefirsttrain.
→___yougetupearlytomorrowmorning,you’ll____thefirsttrain.
常见替换:祁使句and(then)简单句→If从句+主句
祈使句+or简单句→{
上句亦可转换为:Ifyoudontgetupearlytomorrowmorningyoullmissthefirsttrain.
Ⅶspend,cost,pay,take等词的转换。
Annspenttwodaysgettingreadyfortheparty.
It____Anntwodaysto____readyfortheparty.
常规替换:主语+spend+钱+{
主语+pay+钱+forsth→sthcostsb+钱
→If+takes/took+sb+时间+todosth
Ⅷ合并主语其它成分
1.Llymaygowithyou,orLucymaygowithyou____Lily____Lucymaygowithyou.
2.Theydidn’tknowJack____kate______tothem.
→NeitherJack____kate__________tothem.
常用both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso合并
Ⅸ词义释义(注意词序)
1.Myfriendoftenwritelettertome.
Ioften______mypenfriend.
2.Ididn’tfinishmyworkintimebecauseanypenwasbroken..
The____penstopped______finishingmyworkintime.
Ⅹ主动语态被动语态
WespeakEnglish
English________byus.
常见替换:主动语态宾语转换为被动语态的主语。
V.→be+Vpp(注意时态);主语变为被动语态的by+短语
三解题方法
1.吃透原句。在答题时,首先要弄清所给句子的句型结构,主语的人称和数,谓语动词的形式以及全句的意思。
2.明确类型。要弄懂题意,看清所属类型,不要盲目动笔。
3.注意时态一致,即原句为什么时态句子应用什么时态。
四、备考建议:
1.课堂上尽可能多用“英英式”教学,即用学生已知的简单英语去解释学生未知的英语。
2.强化“一种汉语多种英语表达”的训练。
3.强化名词的单复数、形容词的级、动词的时态、语态以及动词的ing形式、过去式和过去分词的训练及记忆。
4.帮助学生归纳,对各种类型要精讲精练,不要盲目搞题海战。
老师会对课本中的主要教学内容整理到教案课件中,是认真规划好自己教案课件的时候了。只有规划好了教案课件新的工作计划,我们的工作会变得更加顺利!那么到底适合教案课件的范文有哪些?下面的内容是小编为大家整理的2014年中考英语书面表达20篇(附例文),仅供参考,希望能为您提供参考!
最新2014届中考书面表达20篇(附例文)文章来源:http://m.jab88.com/j/89347.html
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